State Council Research Articles

Research on the Key Paths of Enterprise Integration of Domestic and Foreign Trade from the Perspective of Knowledge Transfer

The issue of inefficient industry innovation caused by the segmentation of domestic and foreign trade markets has been prominent, leading to a long-standing "productivity paradox" between domestic and foreign trade. "Constructing a new pattern of integration of domestic and foreign trade with the domestic cycle as the main body and the mutual promotion of domestic and international cycles" is a strategic deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council. This paper investigates the problems and intrinsic mechanisms faced in the process of enterprise integration of domestic and foreign trade from the perspective of knowledge transfer. It clarifies that the primary task of integrating domestic and foreign trade is to solve the problem of inefficient knowledge transfer between domestic and foreign trade. At the same time, the study shows that: On the one hand, by constructing a horizontal system of knowledge transfer between domestic and foreign trade, it is possible to effectively enable foreign trade enterprises to enjoy the dividends of unified large market reforms, better integrate resources and standards with the domestic trade market, and promote the transfer of knowledge achievements of foreign trade enterprises to the domestic market. On the other hand, through vertical industrial ecological knowledge embedding, it can promote domestic enterprises to leverage the advantages of domestic consumption scale, integrate technology, channels, and platform resources, achieve knowledge embedding of enterprises in the vertical ecological chain of industries, and ultimately achieve the goal of integrated development of domestic and foreign trade.

Evaluation of marine economic development demonstration zone policy on marine industrial structure optimization: a case study of Zhejiang, China

The marine economic development demonstration zone (MEDDZ) is the regional marine functional policy that assumes the significant tasks of innovation in the system and mechanism of the marine economy, optimization of the marine industrial structures, and the construction of marine ecological civilization. This paper constructs a panel database of 11 coastal provinces in China from 2006 to 2019, takes the Zhejiang Marine Economy Development Demonstration Zone Plan officially approved by the State Council of China in 2011 as a quasi-natural experiment, applies the synthetic control method (SCM) to evaluate the effect of implementation of the MEDDZ policy on marine industrial structure optimization in Zhejiang. The results show that: (1) The MEDDZ policy significantly promotes the structure optimization of the marine industry in Zhejiang and the existence of the policy lag phenomenon. (2) Based on the results of the robustness tests, we find that the fitted path of policy effects is better when the time of MEDDZ implementation is adjusted to 2012. (3) Government financial support and marine cargo capacity play a role in implementing the MEDDZ policy, positively affecting and optimizing the coastal marine industry’s structure. Therefore, we make some suggestions from the perspectives of strengthening the policy implementation process, focusing on the policy lag phenomenon, and broadening funding sources, thus enriching theoretical research on policies in the field of the marine industry and providing practical references for the development of other coastal demonstration zones.

Proof of the Facts in Belgian Administrative Law: An Analysis of the Case Law of the Belgian Council of State

This text discusses proof of the facts in Belgian Administrative Law. In Belgium a general comprehensive theory on proof of the facts in administrative law is currently missing. There is no general Belgian legislative framework on evidence or proof of the facts as such. Monographs or academic studies that discuss proof in administrative law as such are lacking too. Therefore, the analysis in this article is based on the case law of the general and highest administrative court, the Belgian Council of State. This text discusses questions concerning the division of the burden of proof, the object of proof, the degree of certainty on the facts required, the means of evidence and the determination of their value.

CONSERVATIVES OF THE KINGDOM OF POLAND IN 1914-1916

Since the birth of independent Poland in 1918, historians and publicists have been arguing about who deserves the main credit for this most signifi cant event in the modern history of the Polish nation. In the period between the world wars, the dispute for supremacy was fought between J. Piłsudski and R. Dmowski, in socialist Poland they were supplanted by the Russian October Revolution, but already in the 1980s the debate resumed with renewed vigor. Th e compromise solution proposed by Prof. S. Kieniewicz was not widely s upported. Since the 1990s, there has been a steady return to pre-war approaches to the problem. Th us, political forces other than the pilsudniks and national democrats, led by R. Dmowski, once again remain outside the fi eld of vision of the authors writing on this topic. Among them are conservatives of the Kingdom of Poland, through whose eff orts, from September 1917 to 14 November 1918, the construction of the state institutions of the Kingdom of Poland was underway with the consent of the Central Powers. Th e Kingdom was formed by the act of Emperors Wilhelm II Hohenzollern and Franz Joseph Habsburg of 5 November 1916. Th e contribution of the conservatives is clearly underestimated; moreover, they alone are accused of pursuing a conciliatory (Ugodian) policy towards the Russian, fi rst, and then the German and Austro-Hungarian authorities, although all other political parties in the Polish lands, with the exception of the social democrats of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania, also took conciliatory positions at the beginning of the 20th century. Moreover, it was these parties, which were united under the general name of “activists”, who responded to the manifesto of 5 November and sent their representatives to the Provisional State Council of the Polish Kingdom. Th e conservatives, on the other hand, took a wait-and-see attitude in November 1916 and refused political cooperation with the German and Austro-Hungarian occupation authorities until September 1917.

Study on After-school Services in Primary Schools in the Context of "Double Reduction"

With the introduction of the "Double Reduction" policy by the Chinese Government and the State Council, after-school services have emerged and become more popular. Parents' basic working hours conflict with their children's after-school hours, making it impossible for them to pick up their children on time. In addition, due to the generally low literacy level of parents, there is a lack of professional leadership in their children's education and growth, and it is even more difficult to tutor their children's studies. In view of this, the author conducted an innovative research on after-school service and actively explored the practical measures of primary school after-school service in the mobile Internet environment. Investigated the current situation of after-school services in primary schools, analysed the prospects of implementing after-school services through the mobile Internet environment, explored measures such as carrying out thematic mini-lectures, developing special school-based courses, classifying and pushing fables and celebrity stories, developing mini-games and designing comprehensive mini-practices, etc., and pushed the implementation through the mobile Internet, which received good results and effectively made up for the shortcomings of parents' only needs and traditional after-school services.

China’s policies: post-COVID-19 challenges for the older population

ABSTRACT On 7 December 2022, the State Council of China released ‘Measures to Further Optimize the Implementation of the Prevention and Control of the New Coronavirus Epidemic’. The previous three-year dynamic zero epidemic prevention policy was then replaced with a full liberalization policy. On 5 May 2023, the World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 no longer constituted a ‘public health emergency of international concern.’ However, given the ongoing prevalence of coronavirus, emerging mutations, and the liberalization of restrictions, there are increased risks of vulnerable people contracting new variants. Low vaccination coverage among older people with compromised immune systems, puts them at further risk. The policy shift will increase pressure on already stretched health infrastructure and medical resources. This short article adds to the current debate arguing that the Chinese government should take commensurate preventive measures, including strengthening medical facilities and equipment and targeting ongoing vaccination in older people.

Solar photovoltaic automatic tracking device based on IoT and BDS

Solar photovoltaic automatic tracking device based on IoT and BDS

Home, School, and Community: Building a "Trinity" Education Mechanism Based on Collaboration

The establishment of a 'Trinity' collaborative education mechanism among families, schools, and society is a significant policy decision made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council. It plays a vital role in fulfilling the fundamental task of fostering virtue and talent, promoting students' holistic development, and enhancing overall education quality. With the continuous deepening of the concept of collaborative education among families, schools, and society, substantial progress has been achieved in various tasks. However, issues such as vague roles in character building, asymmetric information, and inadequate coordination mechanisms still persist.This study delves into the current situation and problems regarding collaborative education efforts among families, schools, and society. It identifies strategies to address these challenges with the aim to more effectively drive educational reform and innovation. By doing so, it seeks to create an even better environment for the all-round development of students.

The adoption of foreign case law by the Greek courts and the emergence of the Existenzminimum doctrine by numbers - Between constitutional interpretation and legitimacy

Abstract The study is divided in two major parts. First, a presentation of the history of the Greek legal order and the organization of the judicial system with a focus on the judicial system of control of constitutionality highlights the legal culture regarding the use of foreign precedents in constitutional cases, describes the complexities regarding the exercise of control of constitutionality, and justifies the reasons that the constitutional case law of the Council of State (CoS) is selected for quantitative measurement. Second, the study analyses from a quantitative and qualitative perspective the results of the measurement of the number of explicit citations in foreign precedents in the constitutional cases of the CoS. It is worth noting that the majority of the citations in German case law refer to the case law of the Existenzminimum, a finding that is being approached from a qualitative perspective too.

探析依托现代化边境幸福村的旅游发展路径

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have always attached great importance to the development of ethnic areas and the construction of border areas, supported the construction of ethnic and border areas, and promoted the process of revitalizing and enriching the people, stabilizing and consolidating borders. Since July 2021, when the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and Government formulated and issued the “Yunnan Province Plan for Building Modern Border Comfortable Villages”, Yunnan border areas have actively implemented and promoted the construction of modern border comfortable villages to move towards the construction of modern border happy villages, taking into account the local actual situation. With the opening of the China Laos Railway, villages in China Laos border areas have become tourist destinations for domestic tourists, and tourism development has ushered in unprecedented opportunities and challenges. This article takes Shanggang Village, which was surveyed by the author in the field, as an example to conduct a preliminary analysis of the current situation of modern border happy village construction, tourism status, and tourism development paths in Shanggang Village. The aim is to provide certain reference and reference significance for the development of tourism based on the construction of modern border happy villages.

CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL BASIS FOR ENSURING THE TRANSPORT SOVEREIGNTY OF RUSSIA IN CONNECTION WITH THE NETWORK DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS

Introduction. The article, in a constitutional and legal context, examines the concept of transport sovereignty of the state as an integral part of the territorial, economic, and technological sovereignty of the state. International transport corridors (ITC) are created with the participation of Russia, help strengthen the transport sovereignty of the Russian state, and act as new network transport infrastructure structures for international transport. It is noted that the security of the transport system is under federal jurisdiction and is ensured by constitutional measures of national, regional, international regulation and control in the field of federal transport, communications, information, information technology and communications. Materials and methods. Analytical materials were used on the Eurasian cooperation of the EAEU member states on the creation of the ITC, on the coordination functions and powers of the EAEU bodies, the State Council of the Russian Federation, the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Transport of Russia, the Ministry of Finance of Russia and others on the development of the ITC and the transport system as a whole. Methods of comparative analysis of legal acts on the topic of the article were used. Results. The importance of the ITC for the transport sovereignty of Russia and the Agreement on the ITC «North-South» of September 12, 2000 are analyzed. It is noted that in the world of innovation and digital economy, ITCs are included in transport systems. Discussion and conclusions. The constitutional and legal nature of strategic planning of the transport industry with the participation of the State Council of the Russian Federation is noted. In this regard, strengthening legal regulation measures to ensure the technological and transport sovereignty of the state at the international and national levels can be considered as ways of constitutional and legal protection of the foundations of the constitutional system, the interests of the state and society.

Transgender behind bars. The transgender pains of imprisonment in the light of the emerging and advancement of human rights protection for transgender prisoners within the Council of Europe context

Prison systems are traditionally binary systems, as prisoners are either placed in a male or a female prison facility. In the literature, transgender prisoners are identified as a vulnerable group, due to the heightened risk of human rights violations such as violence, abuse, sexual exploitation, stigma and discrimination. Maycock, building upon the theory on the ‘pains of imprisonment’ by Sykes, has identified specific pains of imprisonment to consider the particular deprivations or frustrations that transgender people experience within prison settings. In this article, the central question is whether the human rights framework as developed within the Council of Europe has put forward human rights norms for the placement and treatment of transgender prisoners to deal with these specific pains of imprisonment and to provide protection to transgender prisoners against additional suffering in prison. To ensure safe and humane prison conditions for the vulnerable group of transgender prisoners adequate human rights protection is of the utmost importance. Combining the criminological theory of the transgender pains of imprisonment with the human rights based approach this article makes a novel contribution to the study of transgender people in custody within the Council of Europe context. This approach will shed light on this often overlooked group of vulnerable persons in European prisons. The findings are not only based on theory, but also illuminate current practices in the Council of Europe Member States, as Maycock’s theory of the transgender pains of imprisonment is based on interviews with 13 transgender people in custody in the Scottish penal context and the country reports by the CPT provide evidence of penal policies and practices on the placement and treatment of transgender prisoners in 10 different Council of Europe Member States.

Integrating Knowledge and Democracy for Practical Reform to Overcome Political Crisis in Bangladesh

It is crucial to integrate knowledge and democracy into Bangladesh's government to establish a fair and effective system for future leaders. Let us implement this new system to ensure our government serves citizens' needs fairly and justly. This research paper proposes a new method for selecting administrative and state councils at different levels of government based on the Integration/Islamization of Knowledge and Democracy. The study includes interviews with political leaders and experts from Bangladesh and extensive research on politics in the country. The theories involved in this research are from Prof. Emeritus Dato' Dr. Abdulhamid Abusulayman, Profesor Emeritus Tan Sri Dr. Mohd. Kamal bin Hassan, Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Mohamed Zein, and former colleagues and students of al-Faruqi and al-Attas. The two pathways to introduce IoK and modern democracy in Bangladesh and other states with political crises are: 1) Education reform to emphasize interdisciplinary learning, practical applications, and critical thinking, and 2) Government support for policies and funding to promote IoK initiatives, collaboration, and evaluations. Thus, the Integrated Knowledge of Federal Democracy System (IKOFDS) is a proposed governmental structure that aims to empower citizens, enhance governance efficiency, and foster collaborative decision-making. By combining Federalism with the Integration of Knowledge (IoK) and a robust democratic method, the (IKOFDS) seeks to create a balanced and responsive governance model that capitalizes on the strengths of Federalism, knowledge integration, and democratic principles.

Research on the Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas under the Background of National Unified Market

In 2022, the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of a National Unified Market" proposed the concept of a "unified market", which can effectively allocate resources to maximize social welfare. A national unified market with fair competition, a competitive venue and mechanism with non-monopoly and fair trading characteristics and functions. Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has achieved sustained high-speed growth, and the goal of high-quality development in the new era has shifted to solving the problem of imbalanced and insufficient development, narrowing the gap between urban and rural regional development, achieving comprehensive human development, and achieving common prosperity for all people. In depth exploration of how to further promote rural revitalization and common prosperity has important practical significance and value. This article conducts theoretical analysis to propose research hypotheses, collects digital inclusive finance index and urban-rural income related data from 2013 to 2022, constructs the Theil index to measure urban-rural income gap, constructs a panel data model, studies the impact of digital inclusive finance on urban-rural income gap, verifies hypotheses, and concludes that digital inclusive finance should focus on development in the context of a unified national market.

Research and practice of personalized fitness plans based on Hmove platform

On June 20, 1995, the State Council promulgated the "Outline of the National Fitness Plan". Its promulgation is a major decision for the country to develop social undertakings. It is a national leadership and national participation, with purpose, tasks and measures. The fitness plan is a feat of "contributing to the present and benefiting the future". It is a social system project supporting the goal of realizing socialist modernization. Based on this goal and based on the needs of the majority of citizens in the current economic and social economy, my team and I proposed to develop the Hmove fitness and entertainment platform. This study aims to explore the effectiveness and practicality of personalized fitness plans based on the Hmove platform. The Hmove platform, as an innovative fitness platform, integrates advanced data analysis and user feedback mechanisms to provide powerful technical support for the formulation of personalized fitness plans. The research collects users' basic information, fitness goals and preferences, and uses data mining and machine learning technology to customize fitness plans for users. During the experiment, we used questionnaires to interview users who frequently use fitness APPs, continuously tracked their fitness progress and collected feedback. The results showed that participants' physical fitness and health status were significantly improved under the guidance of personalized fitness plans. At the same time, most participants were highly satisfied with the fitness program and felt that the program met their needs and expectations. However, the study also found that some users encountered some challenges in the execution of the plan, such as difficulties in time management and insufficient flexibility in plan adjustment. These questions remind us that we need to take more into consideration the actual situation and dynamic needs of users in the formulation of future personalized fitness plans. Looking to the future, we recommend in-depth research on how to combine real-time feedback and data from users to further optimize the personalized fitness plan algorithm and improve the adaptability and flexibility of the plan, thereby improving user experience and fitness effects.

Comparative Financial Analysis of Listed Tourism Companies in the Post-Epidemic Era

On December 7, 2022, the State Council grandly promotes 10 anti-epidemic policies, announcing the beginning of the full liberalization of China's 3-year epidemic. Since then the country has entered the post epidemic era, people have regained their freedom and started to come out of their homes, and the tourism industry is gradually recovering. From the perspective of financial management, this paper selects three tourism listed companies, namely, China Youth Travel Service (CYTS), which takes travel agency as its traditional core business, Huangshan Tourism Development Co., Ltd. which relies on tourist attractions as its main business, and Shanghai Jinjiang International Hotel Co., Ltd. which is a leading listed company in China's hotels and catering industry, to conduct a comparative analysis of their financial status in the past five years by using DuPont analysis and to reveal the main influencing factors of the changes in ROE, so as to provide a reference for the future development of the industry.

A qualitative study of the experiences of interdisciplinary nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak following the announcement of the "Ten new guidelines" in China.

On December 7, 2022, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of China's State Council released the "Ten New Guidelines" to optimize the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention policies further. This signaled a broader shift from "dynamic clearing" to "coexisting with the virus" nationwide. This study aims to examine the experiences and perspectives of interdisciplinary nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in China after the implementation of the "Ten New Guidelines". The goal is to understand the challenges faced by this unique nursing group and inform organizational support to bolster their well-being and resilience. Two tertiary hospitals in southeastern Zhejiang Province were selected, with interdisciplinary nurses chosen as subjects. A constructivist qualitative research approach was employed, using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Research data were collected through interviews and analyzed using content analysis. Fifteen interdisciplinary nurses were included in this study. The analysis revealed four main themes and nine sub-themes. The main themes were: (1) ineffective organizational support (inadequate organizational care, poor PPE, excessive workload), (2) physiological distress after contracting COVID-19 (extreme physical fatigue, leakage of urine due to severe coughing), (3) fear of being wrong (fear of being reprimanded in public, psychological anxiety), and (4) family responsibility anxiety (difficulty of loyalty and filial piety, obligations to their children). We provide new evidence that organizations must proactively address the support, training, and communication needs of staff, particularly interdisciplinary nurses, to supplement epidemic containment. This is also essential in helping mitigate the work-family conflicts such roles can create.

The project of state transforma- tions by M.M. Speransky

The relevance of the research lies in the analysis of the transformation project of one of the outstanding reformers of the days of Alexander I, whose ideas were not duly appreciated, but could prevent serious upheavals in Russia during subsequent reigns. The problem is that changes proposed by Speransky’s would have laid the foundation for a deep reform of the country, however, not all projects were destined to be realized. The purpose of the research is to consider the transformation projects of Speransky M.M. and to analyze the degree of their implementation. The article used the retrospective and historical-genetic methods of historical research. The first allowed us to immerse ourselves in the events of the past, the second allowed us to analyze the degree of implementation of projects. The result of the research: many of Mikhail Mikhailovich’s proposals would subsequently be considered by the descendants of the winner of Napoleon Bonaparte, but then the Russian emperor considered the projects premature. Only the reform of religious educational institutions was one of the few that was implemented almost completely. The conclusion: Speransky’s proposals in the field of religious education were implemented more than all others examined in the research; among state reforms, only the State Council arose; as for tax reforms, only certain partial proposals of the reformer were implemented.

Assessing the Impact of the 2020 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Case Definition for Pertussis on Reported Pertussis Cases.

In 2020, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) pertussis case definition was modified; the main change was classifying polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive cases as confirmed, regardless of cough duration. Pertussis data reported through Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance (EPS) in 7 sites and the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) were used to evaluate the impact of the new case definition. We compared the number of EPS cases with cough onset in 2020 to the number that would have been reported based on the prior (2014) CSTE case definition. To assess the impact of the change nationally, the proportion of EPS cases newly reportable under the 2020 CSTE case definition was applied to 2020 NNDSS data to estimate how many additional cases were captured nationally. Among 442 confirmed and probable cases reported to EPS states in 2020, 42 (9.5%) were newly reportable according to the 2020 case definition. Applying this proportion to the 6124 confirmed and probable cases reported nationally in 2020, we estimated that the new definition added 582 cases. Had the case definition not changed, reported cases in 2020 would have decreased by 70% from 2019; the observed decrease was 67%. Despite a substantial decrease in reported pertussis cases in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), our data show that the 2020 pertussis case definition change resulted in additional case reporting compared with the previous case definition, providing greater opportunities for public health interventions such as prophylaxis of close contacts.

Deployment of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System during the 2022-23 mpox outbreak in the United States-Opportunities and challenges with case notifications during public health emergencies.

Timely case notifications following the introduction of an uncommon pathogen, such as mpox, are critical for understanding disease transmission and for developing and implementing effective mitigation strategies. When Massachusetts public health officials notified the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about a confirmed orthopoxvirus case on May 17, 2023, which was later confirmed as mpox at CDC, mpox was not a nationally notifiable disease. Because existing processes for new data collections through the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System were not well suited for implementation during emergency responses at the time of the mpox outbreak, several interim notification approaches were established to capture case data. These interim approaches were successful in generating daily case counts, monitoring disease transmission, and identifying high-risk populations. However, the approaches also required several data collection approvals by the federal government and the Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists, the use of four different case report forms, and the establishment of complex data management and validation processes involving data element mapping and record-level de-duplication steps. We summarize lessons learned from these interim approaches to inform and improve case notifications during future outbreaks. These lessons reinforce CDC's Data Modernization Initiative to work in close collaboration with state, territorial, and local public health departments to strengthen case-based surveillance prior to the next public health emergency.