Council Board Research Articles

Factors that Influence Shared E-Scooter Usage Intentions on University Campus

In response to increasing environmental awareness, universities have introduced shared e-scooters on campuses for staff and students. Despite these efforts, usage remains low, indicating a disparity. This study investigates factors influencing Kasetsart University (Bangkok, Thailand) students' intentions to use shared e-scooters. Using a self-administered Likert-scale survey, data was gathered from 424 qualified respondents. Multiple regression analysis was performed on 424 respondents’ representative of the population. Six factors were identified: social norms, environmental concerns, infrastructure quality, perceived convenience, safety concerns, and cost. Of these, environmental concerns and cost had no significant impact on students' intentions to use shared e-scooters at universities. This study allows stakeholders, including the student council board, e-scooter supplier firms, and university administration, to comprehend the demands of students using the e-scooters and can formulate suitable policies for environmentally friendly on-campus student mobility. Furthermore, those involved can boost e-scooter adoption to financially justify the continued investment by the university. However, it is important to note that this study is constrained by its exclusive focus on student perspectives. To address this limitation and achieve a more comprehensive understanding, future research should consider integrating qualitative methods alongside quantitative approaches, thereby enriching policy and service development for e-scooter adoption. Keyword: intention to use; shared e-scooter; theory of planned behavior

Effect of Compensation and Work Motivation on Performance with Leadership Style as Moderator on Employees of the Secretariat of the Regional People's Representative Board of East Java Province

Purpose—This research examines how compensation and work motivation impact employee performance at the Secretariat of the Provincial Legislative Council's Representative Board of East Java Province. Additionally, it explores the role of leadership style as a moderating factor in these relationships. Design/methodology/approach — The study employs moderated regression analysis to assess the relationships between compensation, work motivation, and employee performance, with leadership style as a moderating variable. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling, involving all 163 population members as respondents to ensure comprehensive data collection and analysis. Findings — The research findings indicate that both compensation and work motivation positively and significantly affect employee performance. However, the moderating effect of leadership style on the relationships between compensation and employee performance and between work motivation and employee performance was found to be weak. Practical implications — Organizations should continue to focus on improving compensation and work motivation strategies to enhance employee performance. While leadership style may not significantly moderate these relationships in this context, it remains essential for creating a supportive work environment. Further investigation into different leadership styles or additional factors might provide more insights into strengthening the moderating effect. Originality/value — This study provides valuable insights into the impact of compensation and work motivation on employee performance in a specific governmental context. It also contributes to understanding the role of leadership style as a moderating variable, highlighting areas for future research and practical applications in managing employee performance.

A Canadian First Nations radon assessment and COVID-19 restrictions: A difficult pairing

Radon is a known carcinogen and a by-product of degrading naturally occurring radioactive elements. The North Shore Micmac District Council (NSMDC) board of directors, in Eastern New Brunswick, Canada, were aware of this issue and saw a need for increased radon testing and awareness in their communities. The initial plan was to administer a testing blitz across communities to gauge the current levels of radon exposure in both residential and band-owned structures. This, with Elder consultation and a participant health survey, would create a data set used to guide future strategies effectively and better direct resources to mitigate the leading cause of lung cancer in non-smokers. These plans were put in place prior to the COVID-19 pandemic that began in March 2020. The subsequent provincial levels of restriction could not have been predicted. The ever-changing pandemic-related restrictions, and public health’s focus on a new deadly pathogen, led to difficulties managing and following through on many health and wellness projects. These circumstances led to a unique situation that delayed results, prolonged exposure to a known carcinogen, and may have consequences in the long term. Few procedures, treatments, or medications do not have side effects, and even warranted pandemic-related measures affect other aspects of health.

Implementation of Smarter Method for Prospective Student Council Selection System SMK Negeri 1 Rembang

One of the schools that has attempted to make the student council active and the primary platform for student development to encourage student activities at school is SMK Negeri 1 Rembang. OSIS administrators can execute numerous labor programs in both academic and non-academic domains. Participants must pass several selection processes to join the SMK Negeri 1 Rembang OSIS board. This student council board's election procedure still employs manual methods. The selection procedure may take longer and allow for subjective evaluations depending on the number of candidates and the criteria used. As a result, it is essential to develop a decision support system (SPK) that uses Rank Order Centroid (ROC) weighting and the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique Exploiting Rank (SMARTER) method to help choose student council administrators. The SMARTER technique addressed disproportionality because the weights assigned do not provide a hierarchy or order of importance between the current criteria and their sub-criteria. Based on the computation of the final value of the standards and sub-criteria on each alternative, the system produces results in the form of the biggest to most minor order. Blackbox testing of this program demonstrates that it can operate and be used at SMK N 1 Rembang both in terms of functionality and outcomes from the system.

The Flipped Classroom Approach in a Pediatric Anesthesiology Fellowship Curriculum.

Background The flipped classroom approach is well documented to enhance medical education outcomes. Additionally, both the need for online learning materials and the increased demand for medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic has made this approach more relevant. The pediatric anesthesiology fellowship curriculum at one institution transitioned from a traditional classroom model to a flipped classroom approach to optimize the educational experience and support learner well-being. Approach Utilizing the American Board of Anesthesiology(ABA)and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education(ACGME) content outlines, a novel, comprehensive curriculum was developed focusing on core clinical material and board review with the goal of providing structured learning while alleviating the burden of completing board review independently to improve work-life balance and reduce the potential for burnout. Evaluation Graduates of the program from 2017 to 2021 evaluated the flipped classroom structure and its perceived impact on their educational outcomes, wellness, and career development via a one-time, voluntary survey. Results indicated improved participation rates and educational benefits with the flipped classroom structure compared to the traditional structure. Fellowspreferred the flipped classroom approach to the traditional lecture approach (72.2% vs. 27%), and they preferred custom-made prework material to traditional textbooks and articles. Fellows benefited from having more time for personal activities and other scholarly work, as evidenced by open-ended responses. Implications The flipped classroom structure was perceived as beneficial by pediatric anesthesiology fellows because of increased educational engagement, alleviation of academic burden, and improved wellness due to more time for non-academic activities. Further study is needed to optimize and correlate the new curriculum with objective educational outcomes.

Recontextualization of the arguments of ‘innocence’ by a football club on Turkish newsprint media

Abstract We explore the media representation of the involvement of Fenerbahçe, a football club in Türkiye, in the 2011 Turkish Sports Corruption Scandal. Specifically, the study focuses on the discursive construction of Fenerbahçe’s ‘innocence’ and ‘corruption’ through the central arguments of Fenerbahçe’s self-defense and how the newsprint media represents these arguments of innocence in Türkiye. The data consist of the council board speech of the club’s president after his release, the front-page headlines, and the news reports of Turkish daily newspapers featuring the speech. In the study, adopting the critical discourse analysis framework, we discuss that the newspapers either recontextualize the innocence arguments or set them aside to pursue their ideological stances. Besides, our analysis reveals that the newspapers ultimately ignore Fenerbahçe’s arguments about the existence of a secret criminal organization endeavoring to gain control of Fenerbahçe via match-fixing claims and the state via a civil coup.

Poster 372: Women in Leadership in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Societies Throughout the World

Objectives: The proportion of women in orthopaedic surgery is low compared to other specialties, despite a equal numbers of women and men entering the field of medicine. This gender disparity persists across various aspects of orthopaedic sports medicine. The purpose of this study was to characterize the number of women in leadership positions in orthopaedic sports medicine and arthroscopy societies throughout the world and compare the percentages of women vs men in leadership positions. Methods: Publicly available websites for orthopaedic sports medicine societies throughout the world were evaluated during March 2022. Non-surgical sports medicine societies were excluded, as were societies lacking publicly available leadership information. Data were collected as listed on the websites, and categorized into Board of Directors, Executive Committee, Office, Council (all typically included Presidential line, Vice-President, Treasurer, Secretary, or other specific high-ranking members), and Committee Chairs (excluded general committee members). Results: Of the 46 societies, 16 (34.8%) were in Europe, 10 (21.7%) in Asia, 6 (13.0%) in South America, 5 (10.9%) in North America, 3 in the Middle East (6.5%), 2 in Africa (4.4%), 2 in Australia (4.4%), and 2 were international organizations (4.4%). Four countries had more than one orthopaedic sports medicine society: Argentina, Israel, Australia, and Mexico. As represented by Figure 1, the Board of Directors were comprised of 2.5% women (4/161), the Executive Committees were 7.1% women (11/154), Committee Chairs were 9.4% women (13/138), Officers were 15.8% women (3/19), Councils were 5.9% women (1/17), and Spokespersons were 16.7% women (1/6). For the Board of Directors, North America and Europe led in women representation with 4.0% and 3.8%, South America had 2.0%, and societies from the Middle East and Asia reported no women. Regarding Executive Committee, North America had the most women with 27.8%, and the remaining regions ranged from 0.0-7.9%. For Committee Chairs, both European and International societies had around 8% women in leadership (8.0% and 7.7%, respectively), yet North America had double with 16.7% women. Of the regions reporting Officers, Asia and Europe had similar percentages (16.7% and 18.2%), whereas Australia reported zero women in office. Only one region reported electing a Council and two regions listed Spokespersons. Conclusions: This study highlights the gender disparities in leadership positions in orthopaedic sports medicine societies throughout the world. The visibility of women in high-ranking positions may contribute to the interest of women and other minorities in the field of sports medicine and help improve diversity. Future studies should investigate factors contributing to the paucity of women in leadership positions and identify ways to increase the proportion of women in orthopaedic sports medicine.

The Self-Esteem of Generation Z As Leaders: A Study on The Student Council Board for the 2022/2023 School Year at SMA 1 Rejang Lebong

Self-esteem or good self-esteem is important for a leader. This study aims to determine the self-esteem of the student council board of SMA N 1 Rejang Lebong for the 2022/2023 period who is Generation Z. This study was conducted by providing a self-esteem instrument consisting of 40 questions used to reveal the level of valuable or worthless self-assessment seen in general, personal and social. After being given, the instrument is processed manually which begins with checking, sorting answer sheets, correcting according to norms, and printing results individually or in groups. The results showed that the self-esteem of the student council board of SMA N 1 Rejang Lebong for the 2022/2023 period was included in the medium category as much as 64.8%. This shows that the self-esteem of student council administrators must still be strengthened through leadership development, such as internships, training, or mentorship. They also need to strengthen their self-belief, learn from experiences, and seek support from people who trust and support them.

Board guidance for company climate opportunities

The major research question of this paper is whether net-zero pledges are a dangerous trap for boards of directors’ guidance and monitoring of their companies’ climate activities and opportunities. There is no current consensus on how to do so. Professor Bob Garatt is the Director at Good Governance Development Ltd, a London External Examiner at Gulf Cooperation Council Board Development Institute. He recommended the following research paper as an important and wise caveat that all boards need to consider as an antidote to easy ESG (environmental, social and governance) rhetoric and accounting. Dyke, Watson, and Knorr (2021), in their paper, “Climate Scientists: Concept of Net-Zero is a Dangerous Trap” provide guidance for boards to assess their companies’ climate activities and opportunities. Their research is summarized in two sections of this paper. This paper expands our five prior research papers, which focused upon specific board responsibilities for various aspects of climate impacts on their companies. To avoid this dangerous trap of net-zero pledges, our current paper provides an overall climate perspective for boards, providing guidance for the board of directors’ responsibilities for assessing the role of their companies in climate activities and opportunities. It is critical for boards to develop guidance and actions for monitoring companies’ climate activities and opportunities

From Repression to Resistance to Resurgence: The 2022 Education Workers Strike in Ontario

From Repression to Resistance to Resurgence:The 2022 Education Workers Strike in Ontario Steven Barrett (bio) The Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE), through its Ontario School Board Council of Unions (OBSCU) is the exclusive bargaining agent for approximately 55,000 Canadian Union of Public Employees members in the elementary and secondary school board systems in Ontario. OBSCU members include education assistants, school library workers, administrative assistants, custodians and tradespeople, early childhood educators, child and youth workers, instructors, nutrition service workers, school safety monitors and social workers working in schools and in school board offices. OBSCU bargains with the Council of Trustees' Association (CTA), which is the central designated employer bargaining agent representing all school boards across Ontario. In addition, under the legislation governing collective bargaining in the school board education sector1, the government itself is a direct party to all central collective agreement terms, including wages and other compensation items. This flows from the government's role as the sole source of funding for public education school boards in Ontario. In their previous round of bargaining, CUPE members were subject to legislated government wage controls (known as Bill 124) imposing 1 percent compensation increases for a three-year period. That collective agreement was schedule to expire 31 August 2022. OBSCU commenced collective bargaining with the School Boards and the government in the summer of 2022. Under the guidance of its leadership - including its President, Laura Walton - OBSCU engaged in intensive organising and mobilising of its membership in support of a significant wage increase amounting to $3.25 an hour for each of four years. In percentage terms, the overall increase sought by OSCU was approximately 11.7 percent in each of the four years of the proposed collective agreement. The union also engaged in a public campaign in support of its proposed increase, emphasising the relatively low near-poverty level wages of many of its members, and explaining that it sought a fixed dollar increase so that lower wage workers would receive a proportionately higher percentage increase than higher paid workers. Moreover, CUPE emphasised that over the past decade, its' members wages had fallen significantly behind inflation. CUPE also sought improved benefits funding, enhanced job security, and additional funding to increase overall staffing levels. For its part, even before the outset of bargaining, the main government spokesperson, Ontario Minister of Education Stephen Lecce, consistently stated that the government was committed to keeping students in school without disruption for the entire school year. Referring to the fact that Ontario students had lost the most time to school in-person closures during the COVID-19 pandemic than students anywhere else in Canada, Lecce repeatedly insisted that he and his government, led by Premier Doug Ford, would do everything in his power to keep students in school. This was a none too subtle threat to prevent strikes in the sector, notwithstanding the legislative collective bargaining scheme in place which was premised on the right to strike. Progress at the bargaining table, where negotiations began in June 2022, was virtually nonexistent. The Crown initially proposed wage increases of 2 percent for any employee earning below a $40,000 annual threshold, and 1.5 percent for anyone above that level, as well as sick leave concessions. As a result, in late September, CUPE took a strike vote, which is a legal requirement prior to engaging in legal strike action in Ontario. Turnout for the strike vote was very high, with over 45,000 members participating, and with members voting overwhelmingly in favour of strike action (96.5 percent). The government's response was to reiterate that it would do whatever it takes to keep students in class, and that the union should not force their hand by threatening to go on strike. Under the legislation governing collective bargaining in the education sector, CUPE was required to give a five-day notice in advance of commencing a lawful strike. CUPE gave this notice on 30 October 2022, so that the strike would commence on 4 November 2022. This is the point at which the determination of CUPE and the education workers it represents to exercise their right to strike ran into the Ontario Conservative...

Comparison of NABH and AB-PMJAY Quality Standards for Accreditation in a Tertiary Care Medical hospital

Background: Quality Improvement (QI) is the organised approach to design and apply constant development inperformance. QI in hospitals increase patient satisfaction, staff satisfaction as well as the quality of care providedby an organisation. In India quality of hospitals is assessed by different standards which primarily included thoselaid down by National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH), which were introducedin 2006 by Quality Council of India (QCI). In 2018, National Health Authority (NHA), introduced AyushmanBharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB – PMJAY) Quality Certification standards, in collaboration withQuality Council of India (QCI), for enhancing patient satisfaction and improving quality standards across thehospitals.Objectives: The study was carried out with the objective to compare the AB-PMJAY Gold standard with NABH 5thEdition, and to identify challenges faced by hospitals for ensuring compliance to these standards.Methods: The study design was descriptive cross sectional and was carried in a multi-specialty hospital inRajasthan in 2022. The study was carried out with the objective to find out similarities and differences in ABPMJAYand NABH standards. All the 5 chapters (Key Inputs, Clinical Service, Support Services, Patient Care,Health Outcomes) and 53 quality standards of AB-PMJAY were included in the study. Similarly, all the 10 chaptersof NABH 5th Edition, including all 100 standards and objective elements were 651 were included in the study.The study was carried out in quality department of a hospital for preparing the hospital team for NABH and ABPMJAYaccreditation.Results: It is found that AB-PMJAY broadly covers all the quality standards of NABH. Some of the challengesidentified in implementation of NABH standards were that it requires more documentation, skilled staff, trainingneed with skilled trainer/coordinator, and the NABH standards are very elaborative and descriptive. Thechallenges in implementation of AB-PMJAY Gold standards were that to achieve them, hospital have to makeimprovement in their structural, procedural, and clinical outcomes. The similarities of the standards were thatboth AB-PMJAY and NABH are constituent board of Quality Council of India (QCI), and both have common targetof improving patient’s safety and quality of care. The differences include that in more documentation is required in NABH in compared to AB-PMJAY, NABH requires skilled staff, it is more descriptive and elaborative, andhospitals require certified NABH co-ordinator for implement NABH standards. NABH comprises of indicatorsand AB-PMJAY says to do things. There are more financial resources required in implementation of NABH.Conclusion: The hospital’s with NABH’s full accreditation can directly apply for AB-PMJAY Gold qualitycertification.

The effect of social ties between the CEO and board of directors and fiscal council's members on earnings management

PurposeSocial factors can shape economic decisions. Corporate governance (CG) studies and guidelines usually neglect that the chief executive officer (CEO) and board members may be socially tied. This study investigates the effects of social ties between the CEO and board members on earnings management (EM).Design/methodology/approachThe authors run a series of regressions using a sample of Brazilian companies listed on the Brazilian Stock Exchange [B]³ between 2011 and 2017 to assess the effect of the social ties between the CEO and board members on EM using a social ties index. The authors also employ five robustness tests to verify the consistency of results, including alternative proxies of EM and social ties and an estimation using fixed effects.FindingsAfter developing and computing a social ties index between the CEOs and members of the board of directors (BD) and the fiscal council (FC), the study’s findings indicate that a significant level of social ties between the CEO and BD has a negative impact on EM. However, for FC members, the authors found non-significant results.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies, the authors built a social tie index (STI) from five elements of social ties assessed in an environment with a two-tier board system. Results show that elements of social interactions and personal relationships can benefit the company, as a CEO's level of social ties with the BD reduces EM practices.

A Conceptual Model of Zakat Payers' Trust in a Zakat Institution in Kelantan

Zakat institutions are obliged to collect zakat from every eligible Muslim because their existence manages the institution by distributing the wealth from the wealthy Muslims to zakat asnafs. However, the zakat institutions still fail to ensure that every one of zakat payers will comply with paying through the institutions. Zakat payers' trust affects their zakat compliance behavior (Mustafa et al., 2013). According to research done by Faizal and Ramli (2017), compliance behavior is one factor that influences the act of tax compliance. This finding supports the prior studies by Kastlunger et al. (2013), who say that high trust causes the increase in tax compliance. The same case goes with paying zakat. Zakat payers' trust is essential in ensuring zakat payers pay zakat through the formal channels. According to Ahmad, Wahid, and Mohamad (2006), zakat payers' dissatisfaction towards zakat distribution practices by zakat institutions leads them to pay zakat directly to asnafs. Thus, this proves that lack of trust by zakat payers can increase the self-distribution practice and leakage in zakat collection. According to a report by Populus (2018), donors are most likely to donate their money to support causes by charities if charities are good at managing funds and demonstrate impacts for their causes. Otherwise, they will lose trust in those charities. As in this study, the main focus to study zakat payers' trust is to reduce the increase in self-distribution practice and gradually lead to maximize the zakat collection in the future. Based on that reason, this study determines which factors should be focused on to increase zakat payers' trust. The proposed factors in this study are disclosure practices, council board, and stakeholder management practices. Thus, the paper aims to develop a conceptual model of zakat payers' trust in a zakat institution in Kelantan. Keywords: Council board; Disclosure practices; Stakeholder management practices; Zakat payers' trust.

Implementing Discipline in the Covid-19 Period in Improving Student Achievement

This study aims to find out how to implimentation the discipline in schools to improve student learning achievement during the Covid-19. The research approach is qualitative. The population in this study was the principal, teacher council board and second grade students totaling 99 people. All data sources are research informants (total sample). Data collection techniques were carried out by means of interviews, documentation, observations and questionnaires which were circulated to each respondent who had been recorded as the research sample. The data analysis technique used descriptive method, with the aim of seeing the situation or facts that are currently developing. While data processing used non-parametric statistics by calculating the percentage of respondents' answers to each item and interpreting and tabulating the percentage formula. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that efforts to enforce student discipline can be carried out properly, with cooperation between teachers and parents, so that a student life can be patterned that is full of discipline and obeys school regulations, so that online learning in the Covid 19 era can have a positive impact on student learning developmen

Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Islam pada Siswa SMA LPP UMI Makassar

Abstract Purpose: The increase in issues among high school students tends to form their character (unproductively) negatively, and a lack of understanding of religion and leadership is suspected to be contributing. In response to this phenomenon, this program aimed to deliver a leadership development program based on Islamic values to the management of LPP UMI Makassar’s OSIS board. Research Methodology: This internal community service method combines lecture, discussion, and evaluation approaches to achieve the best results. The evaluation technique is collected through questionnaires covering elements pertaining to Islamic leadership based on Nabi Muhammad SAW. This questionnaire was then issued to ascertain their level of comprehension of the material presented. This program attracted 27 students, representing 81.8 percent of the total student council board of SMA LPP UMI, Makassar. Results: The program’s findings indicated that participants better understood the concepts and attributes of leadership in the Islamic paradigm. In addition, the results also showed that the dimension of Sidiq’s character (honesty) has the highest average score (4.48), meaning that the students of LPP UMI Makassar consider honesty as the most important thing that leaders must have in the concept of Islam. Conclusion: This outcome is designed to instill an Islamic leadership attitude in SMA UMI’s student council students, enabling them to contribute positively to Indonesia in the future.

John W. Suttie (1934–2020)

John W. Suttie (1934–2020)

The Interlocking Processes Constraining the Struggle for Sanctuary in the Trump Era: The Case of La Puente, CA

By 10 January 2017, activists in the predominately Latina/o working class city of La Puente, California had lobbied the council to declare the city a sanctuary supporting immigrants, people of color, Muslims, LGBTQ people, and people with disabilities. The same community members urged the school district to declare itself a sanctuary. While community members rejoiced in pushing elected officials to pass these inclusive resolutions, there were multiple roadblocks reducing the potential for more substantive change. Drawing on city council and school board meetings, resolutions and my own involvement in this sanctuary struggle, I focus on a continuum of three overlapping and interlocking manifestations of white supremacist heteronormative patriarchy: neoliberal diversity discourses, institutionalized policies, and a re-emergence of high-profiled white supremacist activities. Together, these dynamics minimized, contained and absorbed community activism and possibilities of change. They reinforced the status quo by maintaining limits on who belongs and sustaining intersecting hierarchies of race, immigration status, gender, and sexuality. This extended case adds to the scant scholarship on the current sanctuary struggles, including among immigration scholars. It also illustrates how the state co-opts and marginalizes movement language, ideas, and people, providing a cautionary tale about the forces that restrict more transformative change.

Rapid transformation of work integrated learning from the farm to virtual reality

All veterinary schools in Australasia require students in the first half of their course to complete work integrated learning (WIL) during vacation time on a range of animal enterprises. This allows students to gain an understanding of how the enterprises function on a day to day basis and compare to the theoretical training that students receive on-campus. The time on-property required is equivalent to 60 days of work with a requirement to visit several enterprises (AVBC, 2016). COVID-19 required immediate cessation of all on-property placements. Given the limited number of holiday weeks available for WIL we developed an on-line experiential program to support student learning.
 
 The backbone of the online WIL experience relied on previously developed or developing virtual reality (VR) farm resources; the 4DVirtual Farm and DookieVR (Barber etal, 2016). These resources allow students to visit properties via multiple 360 images through time on a property, allowing virtual travel through time and place to see what happens on an enterprise throughout a year. They also integrate environmental variables and both 360 and standard video to provide access to further information. They are viewable using mobile phones, laptop and desktop systems as well as VR viewers. The basic VR resource allows students to take their own tour around the property however the week of experiential learning was planned to reinforce the students’ ability to see what happens on the individual property throughout the year. This compares to an individual property visit where a student gains more “hands-on” insight for a much more limited timespan of the year, usually 1-2 weeks.
 
 The week of synchronous, experiential learning used Zoom as the primary tool to allow communication between staff and students with content managed on the learning management system, Canvas. The standard format for each day involved an initial entire class group session, mostly in didactic information transfer from staff to students and then a mixture of small group, full class or individual tasks. Assessment of content understanding was evaluated on a regular basis using multiple choice questions or word responses using PollEverywhere. The large class group of 100-250 students broke into small virtual rooms of 6 to 8 students. Each day this small student group had a task to complete and submit via Feedback Fruits, which then allocated individual students to provide written feedback on the group report by the next day. Time was allocated for students to review these reports both individually and then to discuss the multiple reports that group members were assessing and submit feedback. In addition, each small group reported on a relevant name to the veterinary industry, either from current or historical times. A short video detailing the link of this name to the veterinary industry was posted to Flipgrid for both staff and other students to review. Student understanding of the week was measured at the commencement and completion of the week using an online multiple choice quiz as well as receiving student feedback by an online survey. This presentation will cover the background, development and design of the week and associated material.
 
 References
 
 AVBC (2016), Standard 9.3 Extra Mural Studies (EMS or Workplace Learning), page 32, Australasian Veterinary Boards Council, https://avbc.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/documents/public/AVBCStandardsAug2016.pdf
 Barber S, Hallein E, Shallcross D, Weston J, Jacobson C, Bramley E, Celi P, McGowan M (2016), Final report: Development of 4D farms to improve student learning and safety, Office of Learning and Teaching https://ltr.edu.au/resources/ID12_2365_Barber_Report_2016.pdf

A Survey of Injuries That Occurred inVeterinary Teaching Hospitals during2017.

Knowing the frequency, extent or severity of injuries that occur to students and staff within veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) is necessary for proactive management of their safety. This study surveyed contemporaneously-captured incident reports likely to cause or causing injury to students and staff of veterinary teaching hospitals in Europe, the United States of America (USA), Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, recorded in 2017. Four different severities of incident were evaluated within four different cohorts of people, precipitated by five categories for cause. Within each cause-category, further subdivision was based on the nature of the incident. All colleges of veterinary medicine accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Council on Education (COE) or the Australasian Veterinary Boards Council were surveyed. Responses were received from (7/7, 100%) schools in Australia and New Zealand, 12/30 (40%) the United States of America, 1/4 (25%) Canada, 1/1 (100%) Mexico, and 1/3 (33%) United Kingdom, and no responses were received from the AVMA-COE accredited schools in the European Union. The mean incidence of incidents caused by horses was (0.4/1,000 cases), followed by food animals (0.1/1,000 cases), other animals (0.1/1,000 cases), and small animals (0.074/1,000 cases). Within veterinary teaching hospitals at many institutions, veterinary students and veterinarians are particularly at risk of injuries caused by hand-held instruments, such as scalpels and needles. Non-veterinary staff are more at risk than students or veterinarians from injuries caused by small animals. Recording and reporting of incidents is not uniform and may be lacking in detail. Some institutions' systems for record management preclude easy evaluation, and therefore may be insufficient for proactive management of health and safety as required by accreditation bodies.

Student councils as an example of building school community - creating, way of functioning and cooperation with teachers

The paper presents the results of a research on the student councils in Warsaw high schools. School principals, their deputies, student council supervisors and representatives of student council board were interviewed. The aim of the study was to find the features, problems and way of functioning of student councils inside the school community. Research has shown two faces of student self-governance. One is connected with activities for the community, not only at school, but also local, in which the supervisor is a guide, and the pedagogical council supports and contributes to greater motivation in activities, the other shows student council as frustrated fake who follows the guidance of a director or supervisor and has no strength or desire to encourage the school community to get involved in self-governance activities. It is crucial to select and train proper student council supervisors that can attract active pupils and support them to lead their own colleagues with student council.