Protective effect of coumarin on diabetes-induced sciatic nerve damage in rats via TRPV1 modulation.

No data to date are available on the underlying mechanisms by which coumarin (COU) alleviates plant aluminum (Al) toxicity. Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck seedlings were submitted to 0 (Al0) or 1.2 (Al1.2 or Al3+ toxicity) mM AlCl3·6H2O and 0 (COU0) or 50 (COU50) μM COU for 18 weeks. The results demonstrated that COU50 attenuated Al1.2-induced decreases of seedling growth, chlorophyll (Chl) level, and CO2 assimilation (ACO2) and impairment of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC). Further analysis suggested that reduced tissue Al concentration and enhanced capability to maintain nutrient and redox homeostasis played a role in COU-mediated amelioration of seedling growth inhibition, leaf Chl and ACO2 decline, and PETC impairment. Notably, seedlings treated with COU0 showed some adaptive responses to Al1.2. For example, Al1.2 decreased the biosynthesis and accumulation of proteins and amino acids to meet the increased need for energy; increased the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and phenolic compound accumulation to meet the elevated demand for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Al detoxification; and increased the accumulation of soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) to meet the augmented demand for ROS scavenging and energy. To conclude, the research revealed some mechanisms for COU-mediated amelioration of plant Al3+ toxicity.

This contribution reports the first copolymerization of methacrylates with simple, commercially available, and biorenewable coumarin (CM). The key to this achievement lies in the rational design of a new Al(C6F5)3/PnBu3 Lewis pair cooperative catalyst, which possesses several unique features, including high efficiency, living nature, and, more strikingly, perfectly alternating sequence control. Computational studies elucidate that kinetic control, enabled by different attractive London dispersion interactions between enolaluminate active species and two monomer substrates, is a decisive factor for alternating sequence control. Accordingly, a series of alternating vinyl copolymers with a high molecular weight (Mn) of up to 330.8 kg/mol can be synthesized directly from commercial/general vinyl monomers regardless of monomer structures and feed ratios. These copolymers have been determined to be highly transparent materials with high heat resistance (Tg: 130-190 °C), good thermal stability (Td up to 300 °C), and good durability and are meanwhile fully degradable at room temperature under a strong base and completely thermal depolymerizable in the presence of a strong donating solvent (e.g., DMF), thus affording a new class of robust, durable, yet fully degradable, depolymerizable C-C main-chain polymers, which are generally unachievable due to an inherent performance/degradability (depolymerizability) trade-off.

A Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based fluorescent probe (NCA) was developed for highly sensitive and selective detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In this design, coumarin (CA) serves as the fluorescent donor and nitrobenzoxadiazole (NB) acts as an energy acceptor and reactive site. Upon exposure to H2S, cleavage of the NB unit interrupts the FRET process and restores CA fluorescence, producing a 16-fold signal enhancement at 463 nm with a detection limit of 0.11 µM. Under optimized conditions (Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer, pH 8, 15 min), NCA enables rapid and selective detection of H2S over competing biological species. Practical applications were demonstrated by integrating NCA into a smartphone-assisted test strip platform, which achieved recoveries of 98.7-109.9% in tap and lake water. Furthermore, NCA successfully imaged both endogenous and exogenous H2S in human lung carcinoma (A549) cells with low cytotoxicity. These results highlight the potential of NCA as a versatile tool for environmental monitoring and biological studies of H2S.

A multifunctional coumarin (CU) encapsulated zeolitic imidazole frameworks nanocomposite (CU@ZIF-90) was fabricated for efficient wound healing application. The stimuli-responsive drug release mechanism was examined at pH 5 and 7.4. The release of coumarin was increased within three hours by burst release under acidic conditions. The CU@ZIF-90 shows significant bacterial reduction against human pathogens S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis. Moreover, the MTT cytotoxicity assays revealed that the nanocomposite had high cell viability. The study primarily focuses on the fabrication of CU@ZIF-90 nanocomposite for stimuli-responsive targeted drug delivery. The synthesized CU@ZIF-90 nanocomposite demonstrates a high level of thermal stability. The anti-biofilm results confirmed that the nanocomposite effectively inhibits biofilm formation and damages the exopolysaccharide matrix in a dose-dependent manner. Wound scratch assay revealed that the controlled release of coumarin and zinc promotes the cell proliferation and migration mechanisms. Bio-compatibility study indicates that the CU@ZIF-90 nanocomposite is a non-toxic material for external clinical uses. The overall results demonstrated that the CU@ZIF-90 nanocomposite is an efficient and low-cost material for antimicrobial and wound healing applications.

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a chemotherapy alkylating agent that causes many side effects, including the occurrence of Premature ovarian failure (POF). The present study aims to investigate the effects of coumarin (COU), as an antioxidant, on apoptosis and oxidative stress in the CTX-induced POF mouse model. NMRI female mice were randomly divided into four groups: 1- The control group received 200 mg/kg normal saline every two days for 6 days. 2- The POF group was administered three 200 mg/kg doses of CTX every two days. 3- The COU group received 40 mg/kg of coumarin for 14 days. 4- The POF+COU group received 40 mg/kg coumarin for 7 days before and after the induction of the POF mouse model. Vaginal smears, weighing, hormonal, histological, and biochemical factors, as well as the expression of apoptosis genes, were evaluated after inducing the POF model. Coumarin effectively reduced estrous cycle disorders, leading to a more regular cycling pattern. COU increased both ovarian and body weight, and improved hormone levels. Ovarian reserve and antral follicles in the POF+COU group increased significantly compared to the POF group. Compared to the POF group, the POF+COU group showed a significant decrease in ROS and a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes. COU-treated groups showed a significant reduction in the expression of Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 genes and the apoptosis index compared to the POF group. As a plant antioxidant, coumarin could improve ovarian function and reduce apoptosis and oxidative stress in the POF mouse model.

Over the last ten years, cancer therapies have struggled with drug resistance. In this report, we explore new coumarin (COU) compounds designed to inhibit the enzyme NQO1, which shows potential for effective treatment due to their favorable predicted drug properties. Three-dimensional (3D) models of NQO1-COUx complexes were generated through <i>in situ</i> modifications of the crystal structure of NQO1-COU12 (PDB entry code: 3JSX), which served as the reference compound for a training set of of 22 and a validation set of 6 VCOUs with known experimental inhibitory potencies. To identify the active conformation of COU1-22, we developed a gas-phase quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model that established a linear correlation between the calculated enthalpy of NQO1-COU complex formation and the values of experimental activities. Subsequently, we screened the Virtual Compound Library (VCL) using Lipinski's Rule of Five and the PH4 model, then assessed the potency of the new COU analogues using the retained QSAR model. The pharmacokinetic profile of the analogues obtained was also evaluated using the linear correlation equation derived from the QSAR model. The coefficient of determination (R²), the Leave One Out (LOO) cross-validated Squared and the Standard error of regression <i>σ</i> for this equation are 0.91, 0.94 and 0.14, respectively, thus revealing the high predictive power of this model. Similarly, the PH4 model, with a correlation coefficient of 0.91, demonstrated robust predictive power. A comprehensive screening of the COU virtual analogue library yielded a total of 63 drug candidates with oral bioavailability, among which the most promising compounds exhibited a predicted potency of 12.22 and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. The integration of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) techniques and in silico screening, based on the PH4 model, has enabled us to propose potent anticancer candidates with optimal pharmacokinetic profiles.

A mass spectrometric study to clarify the polyphenolic composition of blueberry Vaccinium uligi nosum L. berries sampled at eight geographical locations in the Magadan region during the expedition in August 2023 is presented. The method of tandem mass spectrometry (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ion trap) was applied in the study, which allows to identify with high accuracy the composition of chemical compounds of the studied object. Chemical compounds were identified by comparing their retention index, mass spectra and MS fragmentation with an in-house database based on the data from other spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, as well as the data from scientific literature. The presence of 134 compounds was identified, of which 114 compounds represent the group of polyphe nols with 20 additional compounds of other chemical groups being also identified. 46 compounds of polyphenolic group have been identified for the first time in the Vaccinium uliginosum berry extracts (5 flavones, 13 flavanols, 6 flavan-3-ols, 10 anthocyanins, 5 phenolic acids, 2 stilbene, 4 couma rin, 1 lignan). These are the flavones formononetin, nepetin, cirsilineol, herbacetin, syringetin; flavo nols isoramnetin, rhamnetin II, myricetin, mersetin, avicularin, isoramnetin 3-O-glucoside, myricetin 3-O-glucoside; flavan-3-ols afzelechin, epiafzelechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin; a large group of anthocyanins: delphinidin O-pentoside, delphinidin 3-O-xyloside, delphinidin 3-O-hexoside, malvi din pentoside, malvidin 3-O-hexoside, dihydrochalcone ploretin, 2 stilbenes (3-hydroxyresveratrol and resveratrol), 4 coumarins (umbelliferone, scopoletin, fraxetin, umbelliferone hexoside), lignan syringarezinol, etc. Compounds of other chemical groups identified for the first time in the Vaccinium uliginosum berry extracts are stearidonic acid, myristoleic acid, linolenic acid, sebacic acid, glucaric acid, shikimic acid, vebonol, sespendol. In total, the newly obtained knowledge allows expanding the use of Vaccinium uliginosum extracts both for various nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes, as well as in the development of new effective dietary supplements to maintain public health.

Oxygen heterocyclic compounds (OHCs) like polymethoxyflavones(PMFs),coumarins (CMNs), furanocoumarins (FCMNs), and terpenes like nootkatone(NKT) are key secondary metabolites in grapefruit essential oils (GEOs).While these compounds exhibit a plethora of promising bioactivities(e.g., antioxidant, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial),potential adverse effects, such as CMN toxicity at high concentrationsand FCMN phototoxicity exacerbated by UVA exposure and interactionswith certain over-the-counter medications, warrant a sensitive andselective analytical method for determining their levels in GEO-basedproducts intended for topical and oral use. To address these analyticalneeds, a rapid 16 min ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatographycoupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developedfor the simultaneous identification and quantification of 25 OHCs(three PMFs, seven CMNs, and 15 FCMNs) and NKT in cold-pressed GEOs.The method exhibited excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99 for all analytes), low limits of detection (LODs, 6 ×10–8 to 1.5 × 10–6 mg g–1), and limits of quantification (LOQs, 2 × 10–7 to 5 × 10–6 mg g–1). Intra- and interday precision (% RSD) ranged from 1.43 to 3.59%and from 2.16 to 6.90%, respectively. The resulting quantitative datawill be essential for establishing safe levels of OHCs in cold-pressedGEOs, thereby minimizing phototoxicity and drug interaction risks.Furthermore, this validated method can also be applied to variousGEO-based products to ensure the quality of raw materials and informthe reduction or elimination of specific OHCs.

Ramulus Cinnamomi (Cinnamomum cassia)-Radix Glycyrrhizae (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) herb treat hypoxia-induced injury H9c2 cells by modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Exogenous coumarin improves cell wall and plasma membrane stability and function by maintaining copper and calcium homeostasis in citrus roots under copper excess.

Background/Objectives: In Brazil, Leishmania braziliensis is the main etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis and represents an important public health problem. The actual pharmacotherapy of leishmaniasis has several disadvantages, making the development of new therapeutic options essential. The present study aimed to carry out the bioprospecting and selection of products of Amburana cearensis, including extracts and active principles with a leishmanicidal effect and to evaluate its possible mechanism of action. Methods: A dry extract of A. cearensis (DEAC) was characterized by HPLC, with the following active markers: coumarin (CM), amburoside A (AMR), and vanillic acid (VA). The leishmanicidal effect of DEAC was assessed, and the in vitro inhibitory action of the phenolic fraction, including CM, AMR, and VA, on promastigote and amastigote forms were determined. Results: CM showed the best reductions (maximal inhibition: 57%) of the promastigote form of L. braziliensis, followed by the plant extract (40% inhibition) and other test drugs (maximal reduction: 29%). The treatment of macrophages infected by L. brasiliensis with CM (10 μg/mL) reduced the intracellular parasite load (amastigote form, maximal reduction: 50%), increased the production of nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-10, and decreased the production of IL-4. These effects were not related to cytotoxicity (MTT test). Glucantime (4 mg/mL, standard drug) reduced the amastigote form by 65%. Conclusions: CM showed promising leishmanicidal activity against both forms of L. brasiliensis, and this effect seems to be associated, at least in part, to its immunomodulatory action by tilting the Th1/Th2 imbalance in favor of Th1.

Anxiogenic-like effects of coumarin, possibly through the GABAkine interaction pathway: Animal studies with in silico approaches.

Abstract Fluorescent molecules are vital parts of modern chemistry and find widespread use in our daily lives, being potent tools for quantitatively and qualitatively determining analytes in many habitats, including living systems. Their exceptional properties allow us to visualize and understand complex biological processes, even beyond intracellular levels, advancing our knowledge of life; they also play a focal role in materials science and the environment. All these facts highlight these compounds′ impact in all sciences despite several restricted uses since many dyes have poor synthetic viability and biocompatibility with limited optical and electronic properties. These flaws could be solved by conjugating a representative fluorophore with an N‐heteroaromatic moiety, which has proven helpful in this target. Thus, this review aims to analyze advances from the years 2019 to 2023 in syntheses and photophysical properties of N‐heteroaromatic compounds conjugated with (i) triphenylamine (TPA), (ii) coumarin (CM), (iii) boron complexes (BC), or (iv) aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs).

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of ten different dyes using DFT and TD-DFT calculations. The dyes feature a D–π–A–A′ architecture with a thiophene π-bridge, cyanoacrylic acid serving as both an electron-acceptor and anchoring group, and a selection of electron-donor and electron-acceptor moieties. The electron-donor moieties explored include coumarin (COU), triphenylamine (TPA), indoline (IN), carbazole (CAR), diphenylamine (DPA), tetrahydroquinoline (THQ), triazatruxene (TAT), azulene (AZ), and julolidine (JUD). Besides, the electron-acceptor moieties consist of quinoline (QN), [1,2,5]thiadiazole[3,4-c]pyridine (PY), phthalimide (PTM), benzothiadiazole (BTZ), naphthalenediimide (NDI), benzothiazole (BZ), and pyridoquinazolinone (PYQ). The dyes are labeled with the following designations: COU–QN, TPA–PY, IN–PTM, CAR–BTZ, DPA–NDI, THQ–BZ, TAT–BZ, TPA–PYQ, AZ–QN, and JUD–BTZ. Among these dyes, TPA–PYQ shows the lowest ΔH–L value of 1.674 eV, which decreases further to 1.281 eV upon binding with the Ti5O10 cluster. Band-alignment plots indicate that all dyes have GSOP values below the redox potential of the I−/I3− electrolyte (i.e., −4.85 eV), while their ESOP values are generally above the TiO2 conduction band (i.e., −4.05 eV), with the exception of AZ–QN. The negative adsorption energies suggest effective chemisorption of the dye–clusters on the TiO2 surface, facilitating electron transfer from the dye's LUMO to the conduction band of TiO2. Additionally, absorption studies reveal that the λmax of the dyes shifts towards the red region when complexed with Ti5O10. Dye–clusters such as JUD–BTZ–Ti5O10, TPA–PY–Ti5O10, and TPA–PYQ–Ti5O10, with lower Eb values, exhibit enhanced exciton dissociation and charge transfer, leading to improved performance. These findings suggest that the designed dyes may act as promising candidates for the development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).

Excessive copper (Cu) has become a common physiological disorder restricting the sustainable production of citrus. Coumarin (COU) is a hydroxycinnamic acid that can protect plants from heavy metal toxicity. No data to date are available on the ameliorative effect of COU on plant Cu toxicity. 'Xuegan' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) seedlings were treated for 24 weeks with nutrient solution containing two Cu levels (0.5 (Cu0.5) and 400 (Cu400) μM CuCl2) × four COU levels (0 (COU0), 10 (COU10), 50 (COU50), and 100 (COU100) μM COU). There were eight treatments in total. COU supply alleviated Cu400-induced increase in Cu absorption and oxidative injury in roots and leaves, decrease in growth, nutrient uptake, and leaf pigment concentrations and CO2 assimilation (ACO2), and photo-inhibitory impairment to the whole photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) in leaves, as revealed by chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transient. Further analysis suggested that the COU-mediated improvement of nutrient status (decreased competition of Cu2+ with Mg2+ and Fe2+, increased uptake of nutrients, and elevated ability to maintain nutrient balance) and mitigation of oxidative damage (decreased formation of reactive oxygen species and efficient detoxification system in leaves and roots) might lower the damage of Cu400 to roots and leaves (chloroplast ultrastructure and PETC), thereby improving the leaf pigment levels, ACO2, and growth of Cu400-treated seedlings.

Epigallocatechin gallate boosted Fe(II) activated peracetic acid process for coumarin degradation: Performance and mechanisms investigation

Combination of maleic hydrazide and coumarin inhibits rice seed germination involving reactive oxygen species accumulation, ABA metabolism and starch degradation

Cinnamon leaves, a part of the cinnamon tree, are used as raw materials to extract cinnamon essential oil and as a spice in food processing. Trans-cinnamaldehyde is the main ingredients that have biological effects and high concentration in cinnamon, cinnamic acid is often used as a marker in the quantification methods of cinnamon, coumarin is the ingredient that needs to be controlled due to risk of liver toxicity. So that, cinnamaldehyde (CAL), cinnamic acid (CA) and coumarin (CM) have been choosen to determin quality of cinnamon leaves. The analytes in the test sample were extracted with methanol:water ratio 9:1 by ultrasound twice 30 minutes and resting for 30 minutes between extractions. The ultrasonic extract was analyzed using an HPLC-PDA, C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 µm) at 25°C, mobile phase system consisting of acetonitrile and 0.05% phosphoric acid is eluted according to the program's gradient, detection wavelength 280 nm. The method was determined according to AOAC 2016 guidelines with appropriate specificity and linearity ranging from 51.90-691.31 µg/mL for coumarin, 1.00-20.10 µg/mL for cinnamic acid and 52.45-609.8 µg/mL for trans-cinnamaldehyde, good repeatability with RSD from 0.46% to 0.61%, accuracy of coumarin, cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyd were 101.0%, 100.7% and 100.7% respectively, meets AOAC requirements at 3 concentration levels. The study applied quantitative research methods to quantify coumarin, cinnamic acid and transcinnamaldehyde on 17 C. cassia leaves samples collected in provinces in Vietnam. In result, analyte concentrations varied widely between samples, with coumarin ranging from 0.53- 2.47%, cinnamic acid from 0.01-0.08%, and cinnamaldehyde from 0.95-2.56%.

Ecological niche modelling guided chemotypic analysis of Ageratum conyzoides L. from varied geography of India