Polyester Cotton Research Articles

Study on Structure and Property of Polyester/Cotton/Silk Three-Component Sirofil Spun Composite Yarn

In this paper, by comparing the properties of polyester/cotton/silk three-component Sirofil composite yarn and traditional cotton yarn, polyester/cotton core-spun yarn, silk/cotton two-component Sirofil composite yarn, the structural characteristics of three-component Sirofil composite yarn and the relationship between its structure and property were explored. There was the inhibition effect of cotton fiber on polyester filament, so the frictional and cohesive force between cotton fiber and polyester filament could be enhanced. The tenacity of polyester filament and cotton fiber were very good and the wrapping effect of raw silk could enhance the cohesive force between cotton fibers, cotton fiber and polyester filament. Therefore, the strength of composite yarn was obviously increased and the abrasive resistance and anti-stripping wool property were also greatly enhanced. Secondly, hairiness between raw silk and fiber strand was very easily captured by raw silk and there was the wrapping effect of raw silk on fiber strand in the composite spinning, so some hairiness was covered by raw silk, which could decrease the length of hairiness or eliminate hairiness. Furthermore, much more uniform raw silk and polyester filaments were added, which could increase the yarn evenness of Sirofil composite yarn.

Effects of surface treatment and process parameters on immobilization of recombinant yeast cells by adsorption to fibrous matrices

The effects of surface properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains 468/pGAC9 and 468 on adhesion to polyethyleneimine (PEI) and/glutaraldehyde (GA) pre-treated cotton (CT), polyester (PE), polyester+cotton (PECT), nylon (NL), polyurethane foam (PUF), and cellulose re-enforced polyurethane (CPU) fibers were investigated. Process parameters (circulation velocity, pH, ionic strength, media composition and surfactants) were also examined. 80%, 90%, and 35% of the cells were adsorbed onto unmodified CT, PUF, and PE, respectively. PEI-GA pre-treated CT and alkali treated PE yielded 25% and 60% cell adhesion, respectively. Adsorption rate (Ka) ranged from 0.06 to 0.17 for CT and 0.06–0.16 for PE at varied pH. Adhesion increased by 15% in the presence of ethanol, low pH and ionic strength, and decreased by 23% in the presence of yeast extract and glucose. Shear flow and 1% Triton X-100 detached 62% and 36% nonviable cells from PE and CT, respectively, suggesting that cell immobilization in fibrous-bed bioreactors can be controlled to optimize cell density for long-term stability.

Home-made Compression Stockings and Shoes of a Cotton–Polyester Material in the Treatment of Primary Congenital Lymphedema

Sir, The recommended treatment of lymphedema is the association of therapies such as manual and mechanical lymph drainage, compression therapy (hosiery and bandaging), exercising, myolymphokinetic activities and hygienic precautions [1–3]. In primary congenital lymphedema, the forms of treatment are the same but the treatment must be adapted for children with respect to their social reality. The objective of the current study is to report on the treatment of congenital lymphedema utilizing stockings and shoes made of a cotton–polyester material. Five children with primary congenital lymphedema of the lower extremities who used compression stockings made of a cotton–polyester material were evaluated in the period from 2002 to 2009 in the Godoy Clinic. This cotton–polyester material, called gorgurao in Brazil, has low elasticity (<50) across the material and is elastic along the material and thus allows low-stretch compression. The home-made stockings used in this study constantly require readjustment because of reductions in the size of the limb. Shoes are made of the same material with a rubber sole and can be made attractive to children using different colors. The diagnosis of lymphedema was clinical and by two perimetric measurements (3 and 6 cm) of the dorsum of the feet. The size of the contralateral limb was used as a comparison. The Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparisons Test was employed for statistical analysis with an alpha error of 5% (p-value <0.05) considered acceptable. The consent form was signed by familiar responsible. The study was approved by the ethics committee in Medicine School of Sao Jose do Rio Preto-FAMERP-Brazil (n03375-2009) The reduction between the initial and final measurements seen with treatment was significant (two-tailed t-test: p-value <0.0001).After treatment the sizes of the two feet were within the normal range (two-tailed t-test: p-value <0.3). The longer adequate compression is used during the day the better the result. Use without adjustments is of little value as improvement will be limited or inexistent. Support of the family and of the people who live daily with young patients is important. It is possible to normalize the edema just with the use of compression stockings, but as edema is an incurable disease treatment is life long. The association of other forms of treatment, such as manual and mechanical lymph drainage and cervical stimulation, provides a synergic effect. Thus an association of techniques is recommended to control the edema faster. The independence that the family achieves with this alternative changes the history of the therapy of lymphedema as the family is able to treat their own child.

Avian Radio-Transmitter Harness Wear and Failure

Abstract Although investigators have compared radio-transmitter attachment devices and their likelihood of failure before the end of a study, few have directly evaluated the harness materials and fastening methods that are to be shed by a bird after the research period is over. We compared the likelihood of effective detachment after transmitter life of four harness materials (7-mm- and 9-mm-wide polyester ribbon tape and polyester-coated rubber elastic) and three fastening methods (polyester thread, cotton thread, and Gorilla Super Glue™) using dummy transmitters exposed to the elements for >1.5 years. Both polyester ribbon and polyester-coated rubber elastic materials resulted in similar physical wear and remained intact for longer than a typical field seasonal, but fastening harnesses using Gorilla Super Glue™ resulted in the earliest and most consistent harness failure. Polyester ribbon material and glue fastening resulted in the earliest failure; mean failure time for 7-mm- and 9-mm-wide polyester ri...

A study on drying of textile substrates and a new concept for the enhancement of drying rate

Gravimetric absorption test system (GATS) is used to measure the absorption capacity, absorption rate and drying rate of knit hoses, prepared from different fibres. The fibres studied are cotton, polyester and variety of modified polyesters. The study has shown that desorption or drying rate is at least two orders of magnitude lower than absorption rate. This finding implies that drying is the limiting process in moisture management. Further experiments on knit fabrics made from polyester and cotton, show that the drying rates are independent of fibre type in the constant-rate period, while the drying rates in the falling-rate period are dependent on fibre type. Subsequently, it is shown on the polyester fabric that drying rate in the falling-rate period depends on water concentration. Based on this understanding, an approach for enhancing drying rate in the falling-rate period is defined. The approach is demonstrated on knit hoses prepared from cotton and polyester yarns in alternating stripe form. The drying rate in the falling-rate period is found to be higher in the polyester-cotton stripe knit hose. A hypothesis for the observed enhancement in drying rate by wicking is put forth in terms of the internal movement of water from polyester to cotton portion. Experimentally, it is shown that 16% improvement in drying time is achieved in the case of the polyester–cotton stripe samples. Further, indications of internal water movement from polyester to cotton portion have been obtained by tracking the surface temperatures of the knit hoses during drying by infrared (IR) thermography.

Dynamic Moisture Absorption Behavior of Polyester-Cotton Fabric and Mathematical Model

We investigate the dynamic moisture absorption behavior of polyester—cotton fabrics of different warp and weft densities, survey the dry-basis moisture contents of these various fabrics under variant temperature and relative humidity, and acquire a dynamic moisture absorption curve and balanced moisture content of these fabrics. The results show that the fabric moisture absorption velocity is in reverse relation with its warp and weft densities. By applying the Fick’s Law for diffusion in porous media, a mathematical model for the fabric’s dynamic moisture absorption is established, which is represented in the form of a non-linear partial differential equation boundary value problem; in order to simplify the calculation of the solution, a model parameter a is put forward, defined as the “structural factor”, relating to the fabric structure. After the model is solved under six-point format finite difference method, the distribution of the dry-basis moisture content in the diffusion direction at different times can be obtained. Based on the experimental data, the golden section method is utilized to estimate the model parameter a, and the linear relation between the parameter a and the product of warp and weft densities j is obtained by mathematical software “Mathematica”. The simulation value of dry-basis moisture content from the model matches the experimental observations.

Polymolecular Layer Adsorption Model and Mathematical Simulation of Moisture Adsorption of Fabrics

By referring to the BET polymolecular layer adsorption model, this paper has built up the polymolecular layer adsorption model for the moisture adsorption of fabrics. For polyester—cotton fabrics of different warp and weft densities and different weave structures, in this paper we have carried out moisture adsorption experiments at 20—45°C and within a relative humidity range of 20—95%. Based on the experimental data of equilibrium dry-basis water content of moisture adsorption, in this paper we estimate the value of three parameters of the BET model with Mathematica software, and obtain the numerical value of each parameter in the model, namely the number of moisture adsorption layers in fabric ( n), the moisture adsorption performance parameter of materials ( C), the saturated equilibrium adsorption dry-basis water content ( Ym), and then the equilibrium dry-basis water content of materials after moisture adsorption under a certain temperature and relative humidity can be calculated from this model. According to the result, the simulated value tallies well with the experimental value and this shows that polymolecular layer adsorption theory could describe the moisture adsorption mechanism of fabrics well. In addition, we compare and analyze the differences in moisture adsorption performance among fabrics of different warp and weft densities and different weave structures.

Study of Inverse Creep in Textile Yarns

Creep has been known and studied for textile materials for decades. In comparison, a newly observed phenomenon of inverse creep seems not to have received much attention. A new instrument has been fabricated to measure creep and inverse creep in textile materials particularly yarns. Creep and Inverse creep measurements of nylon multifilament yarn, polyester multifilament yarn, cotton and wool yarn at different levels of stress have been studied using the new instrument and results are reported in the present paper.

Studies on the Changes in Tensile Properties of Sewing Thread at Different Sewing Stages

A lockstitch is formed by the interlacement of needle and bobbin threads. During high-speed sewing, needle thread is subjected to repeated tensile stresses, heat, bending, pressure, torsion, and wearing. Therefore, the mechanical properties of thread, which become altered during sewing, are very important for its performance and durability. In order to design a sewing machine and threads for maximum strength retention, it is important to understand how the mechanical properties of the thread change as it progresses through the machine and become incorporated into the seam. In this paper, the tensile properties of the needle thread are measured at four sewing stages: before sewing, after dynamic loading at the tension regulator, after passage through the needle and fabric, and after bobbin thread interaction. Mercerized cotton, polyester staple spun, polyester—cotton core spun, and polyester—polyester core spun threads are used and the contribution of dynamic loading, passage through the needle and fabric, and bobbin thread interaction to the change in tensile properties is analyzed. The loss in tenacity, elongation, and breaking energy for cotton thread is the highest, followed by polyester staple and core spun threads. However, the cotton thread shows lower loss in initial modulus as compared with the other threads. Bobbin thread interaction is mainly responsible for the loss in thread strength, elongation, initial modulus, and breaking energy for all threads, barring breaking elongation in cotton threads. Dynamic loading leads to an increase in the initial modulus for all threads. Passage through the needle and fabric assembly has a relatively small contribution to the reduction in tensile properties.

Development and evaluation of dustless fabrics for medical applications

Dust-free fabrics and garments are essentially used in hospitals to maintain hygiene in operation theatres and also in various other industrial establishments, such as cleaning electronic chip manufacturing rooms. It is also needed for personal health care of allergy and asthma patients. In order to design a dust-free fabric, it is very important to study the characteristics of the textile materials that influence dust attraction. In this work, the dust particle size and its distribution on different types of fabrics with different fibre types have been studied making use of non-conventional instruments. As of today, there is no instrumental technique available for studying the dust concentration on textile substrates. Therefore, there is a need for developing an instrument that would measure dust particle size and their concentration on textile materials. A digital dust analyzer has been developed for this purpose. This instrument is calibrated by standard dust particles that have similar properties as that of atmospheric dust particles. The reference dust particle size falls in the range of 0.1–198 μ m. A set of fabrics were selected to study the effect of fabric properties towards dust attraction. The results revealed that lowest dust accumulation occurs on plain woven 100% polyester fabrics followed by polyester–cotton blends. The dust-less fabrics developed through different techniques such as polyurethane coating, silicone finishing and weaving of metallic filaments showed satisfactory improvement in their functional properties. Polyurethane coated fabrics give best results followed by silicone finish fabrics and metallic yarn woven fabrics. Based on the analysis and understanding of the results, some of the factors influencing the dust affinity of fabrics are established.

ADSORPTION OF ETHOXYLATED NONIONIC SURFACTANTS FROM SILOXANE-BASED SOLVENT AND AQUEOUS SYSTEMS: USE OF QCM AND MODEL POLYMERIC SURFACES

Adsorption behavior was quantified with pure ethoxylated nonionic surfactants onto different polymeric surfaces (hydrophilic cotton and hydrophobic polyester) and model hydrophilic gold surface. The polymer materials used for the study were characterized using SEM. The role of ethylene oxide group variation in surfactant-polymer interaction was established using pure surfactant with the same alkyl chain length but varying ethoxylate chain lengths. It was observed that surfactant with more ethylene oxide groups per molecule, being more hydrophilic, interacts favorably with cotton in the hydrophobic siloxane solvent environment. The adsorption of the pure surfactants on model gold surface from hydrophobic solvent and water was also established using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) system. Effect of ethylene oxide chain length and surfactant concentration on the extent of adsorption was quantified. At the gold-water interface, the plateau adsorption for C12 E3 (15.9 × 10−6 mole/m2) is about four times higher than for C12E8. An opposite trend was observed for adsorption of the surfactants on gold in the hydrophobic D5 environment. Information about thickness, adsorption and desorption kinetics, and structure of adsorbed layer was obtained from the QCM-D frequency-dissipation data. The study is an important contribution towards fundamental understanding of applications involving the use of ethoxylated nonionic surfactants.

Analysis of Factors to Influence Single Yarn Strength CV Value

The single yarn strength CV value is one important index to measure the quality of yarn. Taking pure cotton and polyester cotton blended yarn as research objects, in this article, we systematically analyze the effects of some factors such as raw material blended ratio, yarn unevenness and twist unevenness on single yarn strength CV value, and use the mathematic analysis method to obtain the relationships between various influencing factors with single yarn strength value, and the result possesses directional meanings to enhance the quality of yarn in actual production.

Novel hydrolysable azo disperse dyes based on N‐ester‐1,8‐naphthalimide: dyeing of polyester–cotton blends

The dyeing of polyester–cotton blends with new alkali‐hydrolysable azo disperse dyes based on N‐ester‐1,8‐naphthalimide was investigated. Polyester–cotton blend fabrics were dyed using both one‐ and two‐bath methods. Dyes 3 and 4 offered lower colour yield on polyester using the one‐bath method. For the rest of the dyes, employing either the one‐ or two‐bath method resulted in a similar colour yield on polyester fabric. The results for fastness properties and colour yield of the dyeings showed that the dyes were suitable for dyeing polyester–cotton blends using the one‐bath method. The kinetic study of hydrolysis of the dyes in alkali media obeyed the pseudo first‐order reaction rate.

COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OF TEXTILE DYES USING PEAT: ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETIC STUDIES IN MONOSOLUTE AND BISOLUTE SYSTEMS

The purpose of this study is to investigate the adsorption by peat of four reactive textile dyes with the following commercial names: Yellow CIBA WR 200% (Y), Dark Blue CIBA WR (DB), Navy CIBA WB (N), and Red CIBA WB 150% (R), used in a cotton–polyester fabric finishing plant. The decolorization levels obtained varied between 5% and 30%, and the most significant variables were pH and ionic strength. Equilibrium studies were carried out at pH 2.8 and temperature of 25°C. Maximum adsorption capacities were between 15 and 20 mg g−1. Experimental data were fitted to the models of Langmuir. The equilibrium studies for bisolute systems were DB–R and Y–N mixtures. The Langmuir extended model indicated that there is competition for adsorption sites and without interaction between dyes. The results of the kinetic adsorption studies on monosolute and bisolute systems were fitted to the film‐pore diffusion, variable diffusivity and quasi‐stationary models. They showed that the diffusivity coefficients obtained varied between 2.0 × 10−8 and 8.5 × 10−8 cm2s−1 when the variable diffusivity mass transfer model (VDM) was used and effective diffusion coefficient was fitted between 3.3 × 10−7 and 56.0 × 10−7 cm2s−1 for the film‐pore diffusion model (FPDM). The root of average of squares relative error obtained varied between 0.8% and 47.0% for the VDM and FPDM models, respectively.

발한 마네킹을 이용한 보호복용 언더웨어의 동적(Transient) 열류량 평가

Transient thermal response of five types of underwear(cotton jersey, wool jersey, nylon jersey, cotton mesh and polyester mesh) for a protective coverall is evaluated using a sweating thermal manikin. Experimental protocol for transient thermal response of the sweating thermal manikin was also proposed. As results, it was found that steady state thermal response from sweating thermal manikin was not sensitive enough to evaluate thermal comfort of the experimental garments. However, when half time is used as an index of the heat flux change in transient thermal response, difference was found among underwear materials. Half time of cotton was the shortest and heat transfer of cotton was the fastest followed by polyester mesh, cotton jersey, nylon jersey and wool jersey. Dynamic thermal response of wool underwear was quite different from that of cotton underwear. Wool shows quite less heat flow at the initial stage, however, moisture permeability of wool was higher than cotton at the later stage. It was difficult to distinguish surface temperature difference visually using thermogram taken right before the completion of dry and wet test in steady state thermal response.

Antimicrobial textile prepared by silver deposition on dielectric barrier discharge treated cotton/polyester fabric

The objective of this research was to impart the additional value on cotton/polyester (Co/PES) fabrics (i.e. antimicrobial properties) to improve the quality of life and thus to tap new markets with the product. In this paper, silver ions were incorporated in Co/PES fabrics by chemisorptions into the fabric previously treated in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). A series of the DBD fabric treatments were done in order to determine the most suitable experimental conditions for the DBD activation of the fabric surface, while the optimal conditions for silver ions sorption by Co/PES fabrics were determined by changing sorption conditions. The antimicrobial Co/PES fabrics prepared by dielectric barrier discharge mediated silver deposition show an antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens: S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans under in vitro conditions. The obtained results confirm the practicability of the plasma modification process and furthermore show that with some delays in the next step, i.e. silver ion sorption, we can get the increase in the amount of the sorbed silver ions; the maximum sorption capacity of modified Co/PES fabrics was 0.135 mmol of Ag+ ions per gram of a fabric.

A comparative study for using different solvents in pretreatment fabrics and in corporation in printing paste

A comparative study is carried out to investigate seven different organic solvents in pretreatment and incorporation in printing pastes of polyester, polyester cotton blends, 50/50 and 65/35 fabrics. The substrates are printed with their compatible dyes, disperse and disperse/reactive. The presence of organic solvents increases the suitability of the dye molecules, which facilitates their transfer from the printed film into the fabric during fixation. All the factors influencing the pretreatment and printing efficiency of the substrates are investigated in detail. The K/S (the color yield of the printed samples) values of the prints along with the water absorption and tensile strength measurements are also determined. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

Characterization of Liquid Moisture Transport Performance of Wool Knitted Fabrics

Wool fabric is one of the fabrics normally suitable for autumn—winter garments. With the popularization of air conditioning, however, it is much hotter outdoors than indoors with a large temperature gradient in summer, under which circumstances the wearer finds it easier to sweat out of doors, and feels cold and clammy when entering a room kept at a lower temperature by air conditioning. With the advances in knitting and finishing technology, fine wool knitted fabrics are finding more applications as summer garments. Thus, the design and study of comfortable summer wool knitted fabric is increasing. Wool fiber has a higher vapor moisture absorbency than other natural fibers, such as cotton, linen, and silk, and general synthetic fibers. It also has higher heat releasing and heat absorption properties accompanying moisture absorption and desorption respectively, which strengthens the buffering effect of the clothing between the human body and the surrounding environment. In the present study, different kinds of fabric knitted by wool yarn in a plain structure (W1, W2), and wool yarn matched with polyester yarns (WP1, WP2) or cotton yarns (WC1, WC2) as plating yarn are developed so as to have different liquid water transport properties. Their liquid moisture transport properties are characterized by using the Moisture Management Tester. By fabric design and post-finishing, our aim to create different liquid water transfer and distribution properties in the fabrics was achieved. W2 is poor at spreading liquid in the top and bottom surfaces of the fabric, showing poor liquid transfer properties, and WC1 is the best at spreading liquid in the bottom surface, showing good moisture management properties.

Advantages of a two-step enzymatic process for cotton–polyester blends

Cotton fabric samples were treated with a formulation of a total crude Trichoderma reesei cellulase in a two-step procedure. In the first step, samples were treated at a low liquor ratio by padding through the enzyme formulation at 21 degrees C and 55 degrees C with a wet pickup of 100% and batched for 12 h. The samples were then treated at a high liquor ratio (1:25) with an identical enzyme formulation at 55 degrees C, with intensive agitation. The pre-treatment influenced the overall weight loss and rate of hydrolysis in samples, and the protein concentration in the liquor of the second step. The overall weight loss was 25-28% (w/w) in the two-step procedure compared to a weight loss of 22% (w/w) in the one-step batch hydrolysis.

Influence of strand spacing on the interfibre cohesion in siro yarns

This article investigates the influence of varying strand spacings in the case of siro or double-rove yarns. Studies have been carried out on cotton, polyester and polyester–cotton yarns. Although the trend is found to be the same, cotton yarns exhibited the best cohesion followed by polyester–cotton and polyester yarns. The influence of strand spacings on the yarn tenacities was also investigated. The effect was not as marked as that found in the cohesion.