Cotton Woven Fabrics Research Articles

Anisotropy in Some Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics

A woven fabric is considered as an anisotropic lamina and initial modulus and crease recovery of cotton woven fabrics have been studied. It is observed that Patterson's relation of anisotropy in initial modulus for nonwoven fahrics is, also, generally valid for woven fabrics. Crease recovery in a bias direction is higher than those in the warp and weft directions. A marked difference exists in crease recovery values with twill woven fabrics for positive and negative direction of bending.

A General Relationship between "Easy Stretch" and Break Extension for Woven and Knitted Cotton Fabrics, Including Effects of Resin Setting

A most significant correlation between "easy stretch" (∈∞) and break extension (∈ b) has been observed for cotton woven fabrics, also consistent with measurements on knitted fabrics. Assuming that the reason for this correlation is an over-all similarity of the stress-strain curves, a master curve equation is derived, whose "individual" parameter is settled by force and extension at break.

Studies in Wear Life of Normal- and Special-Finished Woven Cotton Fabrics

This study was chiefly aimed to investigate the possibility of improved wear life by simple modifications to the con ventional pattern of placing the fabric in shirts and pants of work uniforms. An interchange of the conventional warp- longitudinal, filling-crosswise pattern for shirts showed some advantage in wear life. A modification for pants which exposed the twill back instead of the conventional face showed a substantial initial advantage in wear life. This was, however, followed by a significant disadvantage during further service. The directions of predominant stresses and the mechanisms of failure in service were investigated. Significant occupational bias by test subjects was observed in service performance.

Learning by doing

Poonsook Na Takuatoong of Thailand demonstrates a way to keep flies out of food and explains , why families will be healthier if homemakers follow her advice. If you were a going out for dinner -what would you look for? asked Mrs. Poonsook Na Takuatoong of Thailand during her demonstration on how to make a food cover. She had explained the dangers of having flies walk over food. With the poster she had made in the visual aids class, she showed the familiar scene of flies buzzing around food. She demonstrated how to make the cover of bamboo and a loosely woven cotton fabric. When Poonsook asked this question of the other 16 women from 12 countries sharing the workshop on Nutrition and Kitchen Improvement at the National 4-H Center, Washington, D.C., it took them a brief moment to realize that she was asking them to play the role of a fly. Then an appreciative laugh went round the room for this new approach to role playing. At once the hands went up. Poonsook selected one and said what would you look for? Margaret replied, I'd look for a house where some nice food was set out on the table ready to eat. Suppose when you got there you found the food covered like this. How would you feel? asked Poonsook as she put a picture of a covered dish of food on the flannel board. I'd feel very sad, said Margaret. This is Margaret, said Poonsook as she put up a with a down-turned mouth on the flannel board. With this, everyone wanted to give their fly opinions and they were all imagining themselves in a village somewhere in Africa, Asia, or Latin America, depending on where each student came from. Role playing works well with participants from other countries. They respond quickly, anl1 through gestures and words rapidly build up an image of another person. Role playing was used throughout the three-week workshop to help make situations more realistic. Everyone had re-

Studies in Wear Life of Normal- and Special-Finished Woven Cotton Fabrics

Random mathematical models are shown to describe the tear of normal- and special-finished shirts exposed to wear and controlled laundering. Progressive tears and tear lengths follow the Poisson and compound Poisson processes, respectively. The distribution of tear lengths obeys the exponential law. Mathematical models are demonstrated as useful predictors of wear life. Such topics as the relation of critical stress to tear failure and the zonal distribution of tears are also discussed.

Studies in Wear Life of Normal- and Special-Finished Woven Cotton Fabrics

A statistically designed service wear trial of normal- and special-finished shirts for school boys was undertaken under controlled conditions of wearing and laundering, with the object of providing a basis for predictions of service wear performance from results of laboratory tests. The tear and abrasion performance were separated and the former is reported in this paper. The concept of "consistent significance" of a physical property has been introduced as a necessary basis for its choice as a predictor of tear performance in service, on the grounds that predictions made on the initial levels of physical properties, unless confirmed on the basis of their changing levels during progressive use in service, could be misleading. In the present study, the tensile strength is found to be consistently significant and, hence, the dominant functional fabric property actually involved in explaining tear performance in service.

Chemical and Mechanical Wear of Cotton Fabric in Laundering*

International organisations are studying the standardisation of unsoiled cotton test pieces and methods of using them for the determination of chemical damage and mechanical wear in laundering. Of particular importance is the relation between chemical attack, as measured by viscosity or fluidity changes, and the corresponding strength loss. Study of the literature reveals that the available experimental data are far from complete and that published curves differ. In order to clarify the position, loads of test pieces of two different plain–weave cotton fabrics were laundered up to 35 times, without and with hypochlorite bleach, under different conditions, and an attempt was made to find the breaking strength loss corresponding to a given fluidity increase under identical mechanical conditions.It is concluded that, up to a 20 % strength loss, the relation between strength loss and fluidity increase is a linear one, provided that the severity of the chemical attack remains constant; above this value a curve similar to that of Clibbens and Ridge is found. In practice, however, test pieces are examined after a constant number of launderings, usually 25; consequently, low fluidity values correspond to a slow chemical attack, and high values to a rapid chemical attack. Under these conditions a curve is found that is similar to the Delft curve now under consideration for international standardisation, up toa 20% strength loss; above this value it remains similar to the curve of Clibbens and R idge.

The Transition to the Factory System in the Midlands Cotton-Spinning Industry

T he main centres of the English cotton industry in the eighteenth century were in the north-west of England, centred on Manchester, and in the East Midlands, centred in Nottingham. The Manchester trade was principally in fustians, or woven cotton fabrics, while the Nottingham speciality was cotton hosiery. The striking success of Arkwright and Strutt's cotton mills gave a great impetus to the industry in both regions. In view of the importance that historians and economists have long attached to the subsequent changes in organization of industry, it is surprising that the Midlands industry has received no more than passing consideration.1 This article is an attempt to take a comprehensive view of the process of change in the industry in the Midland counties during the eighteenth century. The early development of the Midlands industry is very poorly documented, largely because the industry had contracted to small proportions before the age of the Victorian chroniclers and commentators. Only a handful of firms survived into the twentieth century, However, sufficient evidence survives to trace the concentration of production and capital up to the time of Hargreaves and Arkwright, and to examine the impact of these two innovators on the Midland region. It has also proved possible to discern the main lines of development from a study of the career-patterns and enterprises of all the entrepreneurs who are known to have been spinning cotton by power in the region before the close of the eighteenth century. No complete list of firms has survived for the region, but it has proved possible to compile a list from a variety of sources.2 For the purposes of this study, the Midlands region is taken to include Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire (except the parish of Glossop 3), Staffordshire, Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Warkwickshire, Worcestershire, Lincolnshire

The liquid repellency of a number of fluorochemical finished cotton fabrics

The liquid repellency to liquids of varying surface tensions was examined for a number of differently woven cotton fabrics that were treated with a fluorochemical textile finish. Expressions for the liquid-solid and liquid-air interfaces per unit of macroscopic surface area have been derived and used to calculate the apparent surface contact angles. Comparison with experimental data has shown that these expressions are correct. Liquid-yarn advancing contact angles have been obtained from measurements of the pressure required to force the liquid through the pores in the fabrics. The abrupt drop of repelling performance for liquids of surface tension under 25 dynes/cm. is discussed in terms of textile structure and fiber surface.

Moisture Regain of Tightly Woven Cotton Fabrics

Moisture Regain of Tightly Woven Cotton Fabrics

The Surface of Cotton Fibers

The location of soiling agents such as colloidal and activated carbon, floor soil. a syn thetic soil, and a clay on gray and modified plain weave cotton fabrics soiled under con trolled conditions was determined by light and electron microscopical examination. Cross and fine geometry of fabric and fiber play a major role in determining the dis tribution of soil in most cases. The mechanical entrapment of soil particles and ag glomerates between fibers near the surface of the fabric is repeated in the accumulation of soil in the natural or induced irregularities of the native and modified fiber surface. The presence of soft films on the fiber surface extends the quantity of soil and its dis tribution. Sorption of the soil particles on apparently smooth areas of the fiber also occurs to a significant extent.

Prizes for Woven Cotton Fabrics

Prizes for Woven Cotton Fabrics

Lancashire Education Committee: Report of the Cotton Industry Sub-committee. Award of Prizes for Collections of Woven Cotton Fabrics

Lancashire Education Committee: Report of the Cotton Industry Sub-committee. Award of Prizes for Collections of Woven Cotton Fabrics