Cotton Vespasian Research Articles

The Character Helle in De Resurrectione Domini, the Old English Cotton Vespasian D.xiv Version of Christ’s Descent into Hell in the Gospel of Nicodemus

The Character Helle in De Resurrectione Domini, the Old English Cotton Vespasian D.xiv Version of Christ’s Descent into Hell in the Gospel of Nicodemus

Habemus Corpora: Reapproaching Philological Problems in the Age of ‘Big’ Data

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the potential of new methodologies for using existing corpora of medieval English to better contextualise linguistic variants, a major task of philology and a key underpinning of our ability to answer major literary-historical questions, such as when, where and to what purpose medieval texts and manuscripts were produced. The primary focus of the article is the assistance these methods can offer in dating the composition of texts, which it illustrates with a case study of the “Old” English Life of St Neot, uniquely preserved in the mid-twelfth-century South-Eastern homiliary, London, British Library, Cotton Vespasian D.xiv, fols. 4–169. While the Life has recently been dated around 1100, examining its orthography, lexis, syntax and style alongside that of all other English-language texts surviving from before 1150 using new techniques for searching theDictionary of Old English Corpussuggests it is very unlikely to be this late. The article closes with some reflections on what book-historical research should prioritise as it further evolves into the digital age.

Manuscript as Sacred Object: Robert Hegge’s N-Town Plays

Collectors of medieval religious drama manuscripts routinely bequeathed their names to the play texts they preserved; the titles of the Towneley cycle, the Digby plays, and the Macro plays attest to the importance of prominent bookish intermediaries in saving medieval drama from annihilation by reformers’ zeal and from neglect and time. These same collectors also inscribed new cultural histories on these manuscripts, which could make them material sites for articulating ideological investment, could even charge them with the numinous power of sacred relic connecting present to past. This essay focuses on the afterlife of the East Anglian N-Town plays, exploring the ways that the Cotton Vespasian D.8 manuscript continued to be “performed” (in an extended sense of that word) in ideologies of recusancy and antiquarian possession in the life of its little-known early modern collector, Robert Hegge.

ELAINE TREHARNE. Living Through Conquest: The Politics of Early English, 1020-1220.

Elaine Treharne has done more than anyone to put the twelfth century back into English literary history. Her publications, from her 1997 edition of the Old English Life of St Nicholas to Rewriting Old English in the Twelfth Century, co-edited with Mary Swan in 2000, to a series of major articles over the past 15 years (surely worthy of collection in Ashgate’s Variorum series), have shown beyond all doubt that vernacular textual production continued unabated after the Norman Conquest. The publication of this book, her first monograph, is accordingly a major event. The central claim of the book is that writing in English (as opposed to Latin, Norse or French) was a statement of English identity; accordingly English writing constitutes ‘a literature of resistance’ to Danish, and later Norman, colonial overlordship. This position is explored over eight short chapters, organized broadly chronologically, and in stimulating readings of texts and manuscripts like the York Gospels, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a confraternity agreement between Worcester and nearby monasteries, homiliaries including CCCC 188, Cotton Vespasian D. xiv, Bodley 343 and Hatton 116 and the Eadwine Psalter. These are followed by a bibliography and index.

The Vision of Piers Plowman, Said to be Wrote by Chaucer:

The Vision of Piers Plowman, Said to be Wrote by Chaucer:

The Social Context and Political Complexities of Goscelin's Sermon for the Feast of Saint Augustine of Canterbury, the "Apostle of the English"

The Sermo in festiuitate sancti Augustini Anglorum apostoli is contained in two manuscripts, London, British Library Cotton Vespasian B. XX and Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 312, which were written around the turn of the twelfth century at St. Augustine's Abbey in Canterbury. The sermon was commissioned from Goscelin of Canterbury by Abbott Wido around 1090, not only to celebrate the feast day of St. Augustine of Canterbury but also to remind the community at Canterbury of its illustrious heritage. It is a text that clearly strives to resurrect the reputation of the abbey, which was damaged by internal strife and revolt in 1088 and 1089 and by the maneuvering of Lanfranc, who established a college of secular canons, dedicated to St. Gregory, at neighboring Christ Church in 1086. The sermon effectively constructs St. Augustine's sanctity in political, not merely hagiographical, terms, and this narrative act foregrounds a social context for the work, a context that is often absent from the larger corpus of medieval hagiography.

Emma Lipton, Affections of the Mind: The Politics of Sacramental Marriage in Late Medieval English LiteratureAffections of the Mind: The Politics of Sacramental Marriage in Late Medieval English Literature. EmmaLipton. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2007. Pp. ix+246.

<i>Emma Lipton,</i> Affections of the Mind: The Politics of Sacramental Marriage in Late Medieval English Literature<i>Affections of the Mind: The Politics of Sacramental Marriage in Late Medieval English Literature</i>. EmmaLipton. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2007. Pp. ix+246.

Ealde æ, niwæ laȝe: Two words for ‘Law’ in the Twelfth Century

This article investigates the competition between the two main words for ‘law’, oe and lagu, at the ‘transition’ between Old English and Middle English. Its focus is on five important manuscripts copied from the mid-twelfth century to the turn of the thirteenth: London, British Library, MS Cotton Vespasian D xiv, Oxford, Bodleian Library, MSS Bodley 343 and Junius 1 (The Orrmulum), London, British Library, MS Cotton Vespasian A xxii, and London, Lambeth Palace Library, MS 487. The study explores the contexts of all the occurrences of oe and lagu in these manuscripts, and asks whether their attestation can be accounted for in terms of processes of textual transmission and/or preferences for particular collocations or stylistic effects, sense, metre, etc.

The Test of Venery in Ipomadon A

The Test of Venery in Ipomadon A

Canterbury and Flanders in the late tenth century

AbstractThis paper provides an edition, translation and discussion of four letters written by Flemish abbots to the archbishops of Canterbury between the years 980 and 991 and preserved in two manuscripts drawn on the archiepiscopal archives in the early eleventh century (London, British Library, Cotton Tiberius A. xv and Cotton Vespasian A. xiv). The letters document the increasing importance of cross-Channel relations in the late tenth century and provide context for a number of hitherto unexplained indications of cultural, religious and financial exchanges between the county of Flanders and England.

Wulfstan, Archbishop of York: The Proceedings of the Second Alcuin Conference (review)

Reviewed by: Wulfstan, Archbishop of York: The Proceedings of the Second Alcuin Conference Melanie Heyworth Townend, Matthew, ed., Wulfstan, Archbishop of York: The Proceedings of the Second Alcuin Conference (Studies in the Early Middle Ages, 10), Turnhout, Brepols, 2004; hardcover; pp. ix, 553; RRP €85; ISBN 2503522246. This volume contains the proceedings of the Second Alcuin Conference held at the University of York in 2002 to mark the millennial anniversary of Wulfstan's appointment as Archbishop of York. The 19 substantial contributions are methodologically varied, encompassing palaeographical, philological, archaeological, and literary approaches. Matthew Townend's introduction admirably synthesizes these diverse contributions, indicating the 'great many points of connection, comparison, and contrast' (p. 5) between the various essays. His observations on the essays themselves, and on their collective impact, aptly summarize the value and vibrancy of this volume, and issue a much-needed challenge for further research into Wulfstan. Patrick Wormald's essay 'Archbishop Wulfstan: Eleventh-Century State-Builder' is a synopsis of Wulfstan's career and his intellectual development. This overview is supported by a convincing outline of the chronology of Wulfstan's work, which is appended schematically. Wormald's essay is an effective starting-point, since he also includes a summary and evaluation of the history of Wulfstan studies. Richard Dance, Andy Orchard, and Thomas Hall each offer an interpretation of Wulfstan's texts with an emphasis on manuscripts. Dance concentrates on Wulfstan's 'attitudes towards and use of language' (p. 61). His emphasis on [End Page 257] Wulfstan's choice of language, especially in the context of the scholarly tradition of the Benedictine reform movement, is illuminating and instructive. Orchard's 'Re-editing Wulfstan: Where's the Point?' arises from his forthcoming edition of Wulfstan's Old English sermons and focuses on the nexus between punctuation and rhetorical style. Hall's 'Wulfstan's Latin Sermons' is an exciting essay, challenging the assumption that 'all of Wulfstan's Latin sermons should be viewed as rough drafts for more important texts to be written in Old English' (p. 109). It is an invaluable contribution, incorporating a list of Wulfstan's Latin writings and printing the texts and translations of ten of Wulfstan's hitherto unpublished works. In 'Wulfstan and Worcester: Bishop and Clergy in the Early Eleventh Century', Julia Barrow surveys the diocese of Worcester in order to analyze Wulfstan's ecclesiastical administration and his support for reform. Stephen Baxter's 'Archbishop Wulfstan and the Administration of God's Property' focuses on tenurial resources and on Wulfstan's estate administration in York as well as in Worcester. Baxter concludes that Wulfstan 'was responsible for an extraordinarily well-conceived and innovative method of documenting… tenurial rights' (p. 190). Christopher Norton's archaeological and topological survey of York Minster 'builds up a picture of the physical and ecclesiastical milieu in which Wulfstan moved' (p. 3). The essays by Gareth Mann and T. A. Heslop are both codicological in approach. Mann's 'The Development of Wulfstan's Alcuin Manuscript' is a compelling and exciting explanation of the compilation of British Library, Cotton Vespasian A.xiv, a manuscript intimately associated with Wulfstan. His appendix, however, has no immediate relevance to his main essay, although the argument presented there is also persuasive. Heslop's 'Art and the Man: Archbishop Wulfstan and the York Gospelbook' is an equally compelling essay which considers Wulfstan's potential patronage and 'active possession' (p. 308) of the York Gospelbook. Arguably the best essay in this collection, Joyce Hill's 'Archbishop Wulfstan: Reformer?' is an innovative and convincing assessment of Wulfstan's active support for and role in the Benedictine reform. Christopher Jones considers Wulfstan's liturgical interest, concluding that Wulfstan exploited the 'deep affinities between liturgy, law, and preaching as media to proclaim' his message (p. 350). Malcolm Godden's excellent essay 'The Relations of Wulfstan and Ælfric: a Reassessment' is invaluable to scholars of Wulfstan and Ælfric alike, challenging long-held assumptions regarding these two important figures and their interaction. [End Page 258] Jonathon Wilcox's 'Wulfstan's Sermo Lupi ad Anglos as Political Performance: 16 February 1014 and Beyond' attempts both to 'recapture the Sermo's original context of performance' (p. 4), and to posit an argument for...

The ‘Opicius’ Poems (British Library, Cotton Vespasian B.iv) and the Humanist Anti-Literature in Early Tudor England

Following the format of a catalogue manuscript description, this study analyses the design and contents of a manuscript presented to king Henry VII of England about 1492-93. Featuring an epic account of the 1492 English invasion of France and a pastoral dialogue praising the domestic peace imposed by the Tudor regime, the five poems are the work of a little-known Italian writer “Johannes Opicius, “ in a stylishly written and decorated copy. Like other contemporary presentations, especially the works of the early Tudor laureate Bernard Andre”, the verse is as classicizing as the design is Italianate and humanist, innovative features for English literary culture. Like other cognate products, however, Opicius’ performance lacks properties usually associated with literature. The work was not for reading nor for recirculation, owing its inspiration solely to a wish to gratify the monarch. The presentation was chiefly a matter of performing the magnificence of the king.

Performing Reform: Lay Piety and the Marriage of Mary and Joseph in the N-Town Cycle

Performing Reform: Lay Piety and the Marriage of Mary and Joseph in the N-Town Cycle Emma Lipton University of Missouri–Columbia The cult of the Virgin Mary was strong in the late Middle Ages: the life of the Virgin was told in many texts, and new feasts of the Virgin were added to the Ecclesiastical calendar.1 Curiously little attention, however, was given to the subject of her marriage. There was no feast for the marriage of the Virgin and few of the late-medieval English texts that tell the life of the Virgin devote more than passing mention to it.2 This lack of emphasis is particularly odd given the important role the Virgin’s marriage played in the development of the theology of the sacramental nature of marriage, from Augustine to I would like to thank Sarah Beckwith, Lee Patterson, Judith Ferster, and Gail McMurray Gibson for their valuable comments on earlier versions of this essay. 1 See R. W. Pfaff, New Liturgical Feasts in Later Medieval England (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970), pp. 40–61, 97–115. New feasts of the Virgin added in the late Middle Ages include The Visitation (1389), The Compassion of the Virgin (1497), and The Presentation of the Virgin (1372). 2 On the uniqueness of the attention devoted to Mary and Joseph in the N-Town plays, see Rosemary Woolf, The English Mystery Plays (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California, 1972), pp. 161. For other late-medieval English texts recounting the life of the Virgin, see Joseph A. Lauritis, Ralph A. Klinefelter, and Vernon T. Gallagher, eds., A Critical Edition of John Lydgate’s Life of Our Lady, Duquesne Philological Series, no. 2 (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1961); Roscoe E. Parker, ed., The Middle English Stanzaic Versions of the Life of Saint Anne, Early English Text Society [hereafter EETS], o.s., 174 (London: Oxford University Press, 1928); and Michael G. Sargent, ed., Nicholas Love’s Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ (New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1992). Earlier versions of the life of the Virgin also give little attention to the subject of her marriage, including the acknowledged sources for the N-Town Mary plays, most notably The Golden Legend. See Jacobus de Voragine, The Golden Legend, trans. William Granger Ryan, vol. 2 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993). The story of the Life of the Virgin is contained in the Greek Protevangelium, the Latin Gospels of Pseudo-Matthew and the Nativity of Mary, and later in the Legenda aurea and the pseudo-Bonaventuran Meditationes vitae Christi. 407 ................. 8972$$ CH13 11-01-10 12:22:10 PS STUDIES IN THE AGE OF CHAUCER Hugh of St. Victor and Peter Lombard, which became the basis for the canon law practiced in the courts of England throughout the Middle Ages. However, the subject of the Virgin’s marriage was given unusual emphasis in the late-fifteenth-century manuscript BL MS Cotton Vespasian D.8.3 This manuscript contains one of the four surviving English mystery play cycles, a composite and in many ways unique dramatic collection, commonly known as ‘‘N-Town.’’ Compared to the other cycles and other late-medieval English Lives of the Virgin, the manuscript pays unusual attention to the subject of her marriage, devoting an entire play to the subject, ‘‘The Marriage of Mary and Joseph,’’ that contains within it a wedding ceremony enacted according to contemporary liturgy . The cycle’s preoccupation with the marriage is also evident in ‘‘The Trial of Mary and Joseph,’’ in which a conspicuously pregnant Mary and her husband are tried for adultery. The emphasis on the life of Mary in the N-Town cycle may be explained by the probable existence of an separate and self-contained Mary Play added to preexisting cycle material when the manuscript was compiled .4 Both ‘‘The Marriage of Mary and Joseph’’ and ‘‘The Trial of Mary and Joseph’’ are believed to have been part of the original cycle, although the former probably also contains material from the Mary Play.5 3 A date of 1468 written on the manuscript gives a terminus ad quem for the cycle, but the play may have been performed or written down...

Simon Keynes (ed), The Liber vitae of the New Minster and Hyde Abbey Winchester, British Library Stowe 944, together with leaves from British Library Cotton Vespasian a.viii and British Library Cotton Titus d.xxvii

Simon Keynes (ed), <i>The Liber vitae of the New Minster and Hyde Abbey Winchester, British Library Stowe 944, together with leaves from British Library Cotton Vespasian a.viii and British Library Cotton Titus d.xxvii</i>

Book Reviews

Neil Christie and S.T. Loseby. Towns in Transition: Urban Evolution in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. London: Scolar.Thomas Owen Clancy and Gilbert MÄrkus. Iona. The Earliest Poetry of a Celtic Monastery. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Edited and translated by Diana Greenway. Henry, Archdeacon of Huntingdon, ‘Historia Anglorum: the History of the English People’. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Dominic Janes. God and Gold in Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Edited by J. Steen Jensen. Tusindtallets Danske Mønter fra Den kongelige Mønt‐og Medaillesamling. Danish coins from the 11th century in The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals. Copenhagen: Nationalmuseet.Hugh Kennedy. Muslim Spain and Portugal. A political history of al‐Andalus. London and New York: Longman.Simon Keynes. The Liber Vitae of the New Minster and Hyde Abbey Winchester, British Library Stowe 944, together with Leaves from British Library Cotton Vespasian A. viii and British Library Cotton Titus D. xxvii. Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile 26. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger. 1996. 132 pp. with 21 plates and 71 facsimile folios.Claus Krag. Vikingtid og Rikssamling 800–1130. (Aschehougs Norges Historie Bind 2). Oslo: H. Aschehoug &amp; Co (W. Nygaard).Niels Lund. Lið, leding og landeværn. Roskilde: Vikingeskibshallen.Ramsay MacMullen. Christianity and Paganism in the Fourth to Eighth Centuries. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.Philip Rahtz and Lorna Watts. St. Mary's Church, Deerhurst, Gloucestershire. Woodbridge: Boydell Press (for the Society of Antiquaries of London and the British Archaeological Association).Marina Smyth. Understanding the Universe in Seventh Century Ireland. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.

Medieval

London: A Companion to its History and Archaeology. By Malcolm Billings. The Liber Vitae of the New Minster and Hyde Abbey Winchester. British Library Stowe 944. Together with leaves from British Library Cotton Vespasian A. VIII and British Library Cotton Titus D. XXVII. Edited by Simon Keynes. The Anglo‐Saxon Chronicle. Translated and edited by Michael Swanton. The Anglo‐Saxon Chronicle, Volume 6: MS D. Edited by G. P. Cubbin. English Episcopal Acta, Volume XI: Exeter 1046–1184; XII, Exeter 1186–1257. Edited by Frank Barlow. County of Conflict: Northumberland from Conquest to Civil War. By Richard Lomas. The Cloister and the World: Essays in Medieval History in Honour of Barbara Harvey. Edited by John Blair and Brian Golding. Gilbert of Sempringham and the Gilbertine Order c. 1130–c. 1300. By Brian Golding. The Boundaries of Charity: Cistercian Culture and Ecclesiastical Reform 1098–1180. By Martha G. Newman. The Perfection of Solitude: Hermits and Monks in the Crusader States. By Andrew Jotischky. Medieval Space: The Extent of Microspatial Knowledge in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. By Dick Harrison. Gilds in the Medieval Countryside: Social and Religious Change in Cambridgeshire c. 1350–1558. By Virginia R. Bainbridge. Filippo Brunelleschi: The Buildings. By Howard Saalman.

Reviews

Journal Article Reviews Get access SIMON KEYNES (ed.), The Liber Vitae of the New Minster and Hyde Abbey Winchester, British Library Stowe 944 together with Leaves from British Library Cotton Vespasian A, VIII and British Library Cotton Titus DC.XXVII . Pp. 132+22 plates (Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile 26). Copenhagen : Rosen-kilde and Bagger , 1996 . Paperbound Dkr. 9. 250, 00 ( ISBN 87-423-0521-7 .] JANET BATELY JANET BATELY King's CollegeLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 44, Issue 3, September 1997, Pages 370-c–371, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/44-3-370c Published: 01 September 1997

The originality of the Old English gloss of the Vespasian Psalter and its relation to the gloss of the Junius Psalter

In a brief discussion of the Vespasian Psalter in 1898, Albert S. Cook offered a statement that set the tone for subsequent debate about the relationship between the Old English gloss of the Vespasian Psalter (A = London, British Library, Cotton Vespasian A. i) and that of the junius Psalter (B = Oxford, Bodleian Library, junius 27): ‘It seems not improbable that it [i.e. the gloss to the Vespasian Psalter] is the original from which all later Old English glosses on the Psalms have been derived, undergoing in the process such modifications as were due to the language of the particular dialect or epoch.’ With regard to the Junius gloss specifically, Cook printed the text of Psalm XCIX [C] from the Vespasian Psalter, which he collated with the Junius, Cambridge (C = Cambridge, University Library, Ff. 1.23), Regius (D = London, British Library, Royal 2. B.V), and Eadwine (E = Cambridge, Trinity College R. 17.1) psalters; he concluded that ‘B stands nearest to A, but is carelessly written, and changes Anglian peculiarities in the direction of West Saxon (in to on, all to eall, &amp;c.) while retaining, in general, a comparatively early and Anglian cast (weotað, scep, leswe, &amp;c.)’. Although Otto Heinzel, writing in 1926, disagreed with Cook's assertion that the Vespasian gloss was the source from which all other psalters ultimately derived their glosses, he reiterated, after a fashion, the idea that the Junius gloss is related to that of the Vespasian Psalter, although, like Cook, he did not argue for a direct relationship between these two works. In Heinzel's stemma, from the Urtext*0 derive *α, which stands as the model for B, and *β, which in turn stands as the model for both A and C. The stemma, in its full form, taking the Dtype (Regius Psalter) tradition into account, has justly been termed ‘fanciful’ by Kenneth Sisam. The relationship between the glosses in these two psalters formed the subject of an extended study by Uno Lindelöf published in 1901.

The N-Town Play: Cotton MS Vespasian D.8 ed. by Stephen Spector

REVIEWS It may be said with only small exaggeration that medieval literature is about the shifting of value in Western thought from a realm of public to one of private experience, the construction and valorization ofan individual subjectivity. The problem with such a powerful and fundamental idea is that it is rather hard to control---once granted the authority to act as a master narrative, it rampages with autocratic abandon across all ofWestern literature. Spearing draws a number of ancillary ideas into his spotlight, from the potent and quite public gaze of Theseus in The Knight's Tale to poetic representations of the female psyche by a male poet who can only wonder, never know, what women really think when they are alone. Not all such observations are directly dependent on his thesis, but all are intrigu­ ing, and all are elegantly and often vigorously stated. A measure of the success of Spearing's argument is that one is willing to follow the train of his thought wherever it leads and allow his gaze to linger over familiar moments which suddenly appear strange and strange moments which, after his analysis, seem uncomfortably familiar. Roy M. LrnzzA Tulane University STEPHEN SPECTOR, ed. The N-TOUJn Play: Cotton MS Vespasian D.8. 2 vols. Early English Text Society, s.s.'11, 12. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Pp. lviii, 661. Vol. 1, $59.00; vol. 2 $45.00. We know, with certainty, relatively little about the collection of plays called N-Town preserved in British Library manuscript Cotton Vespasian D.8. Their institutional auspices and precise geographical origin remain hidden from view, as do the circumstances that led to their composition and compilation. Even the very name "N-Town," derived from the procla­ mation text that opens the collection, withholds more than it delivers. That it has only recently emerged as the preferred designation for a group of plays identified previously under other aliases-Ludus Coventriae, Hegge cycle, Lincoln plays-furnishes sufficient testimony to the complex problems that the N-Town plays still present to modern readers. Stephen Spector's new edition of the N-Town codex for the Early English Text 275 STUDIES IN THE AGE OF CHAUCER Society marks an important development in the long effort to comprehend the historical, literacy, and social importance of this eclectic and remarkable collection. The product of nineteen years' labor, Spector's edition is significantly informed by the findings of his important earlier work on the codicological and textual features of the N-Town manuscript, beginning with his Yale University dissertation of 1973 and extending through a series of articles analyzing the prosody, watermarks, and provenance of the N-Town codex. Volume 1 of the present edition includes an introduction, select bibliogra­ phy, a table of lines corresponding to K. S. Block's 1922 edition of the plays for BETS, and the text of the N-Town plays. Volume 2 contains Spector's commentary on the text; a set of appendices addressing the N-Town plays' composition and development, staging, and overall design; a glossary; and an index of proper names. Though this edition follows BETS editorial guidelines restricting the inclusion of interpretive commen­ tary, the supporting materials that Spector is able to provide here offer a comprehensive overview of the state of the debate about the N-Town plays' more controversial aspects. Taken together with his superb glossary of N-Town's difficult language, these introductory essays and appendices make Spector's edition a principal advance over the otherwise still useful edition by Block that it replaces. Much of the scholarly speculation about the N-Town plays has focused on the origins of the cycle, if it may be called that, and the process by and purpose for which it came into being. The work of a scribe-compiler­ reviser who, perhaps as late as the 1490s, altered his texts even as he incorporated them into the comprehensive history ofthe world play he was apparently trying to achieve, the East Anglian N-Town codex exhibits a wide variety of play types, verse forms, and dramatic styles. In addition to the proclamation, the N-Town collection includes a group of plays...

"Iubiter et Iuno": An Anglo-Latin Mythographic Poem, edited from Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Digby 64 and British Library MS Cotton Vespasian E. xii

"Iubiter et Iuno": An Anglo-Latin Mythographic Poem, edited from Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Digby 64 and British Library MS Cotton Vespasian E. xii