Cotton Fabric Research Articles

Novel Synthesis of Zinc Oxide on Cotton Fabric by Cathodic Cage Plasma Deposition for Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Performance.

Cotton fabrics with zinc oxide (ZnO) coating are of significant interest due to their excellent antibacterial performance. Thus, they are widely in demand in the textile industry due to their medical and hygienic properties. However, conventional techniques used to deposit ZnO on fabric require long processing times in deposition, complex and expensive equipment, and multiple steps for deposition, such as a separate process for nanoparticle synthesis and subsequent deposition on fabric. In this study, we proposed a new method for the deposition of ZnO on fabric, using cathodic cage plasma deposition (CCPD), which is commonly used for coating deposition on conductor materials and is not widely used for fabric due to the temperature sensitivity of the fabric. The effect of gas composition, including argon and a hydrogen-argon mixture, on the properties of ZnO deposition is investigated. The deposited samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, photocatalytic, and antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. It is observed that ZnO-deposited cotton fabric exhibits excellent photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and antibacterial performance, specifically when a hydrogen-argon mixture is used in CCPD. The results demonstrate that CCPD can be used effectively for ZnO deposition on cotton fabric; this system is already used in industrial-scale applications and is thus expected to be of significant interest to garment manufacturers and hospitals.

Polyelectrolyte Complex Coated Cotton Fabrics with Hydrophobicity, Antibacterial Activity, and Flame Retardancy

AbstractCotton fabrics with the main constituent of cellulose, which is hydrophilic, bacterial infected, and flammable, are in urgent need of functionalization as a kind of widely applied material. To address these issues, in this work, modified polyelectrolyte complex (MPEC) coatings with polyethylenimine (PEI), polyphosphate (APP), and perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane modified PEI (PFTS‐PEI) are prepared to construct multi‐functionally gradient MPEC coatings on cotton fabrics. Stability and synergistic effects on hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity, and flame retardancy in this system have been studied. Notably, PFTS‐PEI with fluorine and silicone elements are confirmed to provide hydrophobicity and durability for MPEC coatings, which not only has no negative effect on other functions but also makes some improvement in antibacterial activity. This MPEC‐treated cotton fabric finally has an antibacterial rate against S. aureus and E. coli of 99.9% and 96.9%, limiting oxygen index of 28.5% and water contact angle of 118°, which can be almost maintained after 20 times washing. The modified PEC will provide an efficient strategy to achieve durable multi‐functions on cellulose‐based fabrics.

1-Tetradecanol phase change material microcapsules coating on cotton fabric for enhanced thermoregulation

Rising climate change and extreme weather conditions underpin thermoregulation limitations of conventional textiles. This study investigates enhancing the thermal properties of cotton fabric by incorporating synthesized 1-tetradecanol (TD) phase change material (PCM) microcapsules. Characterization of the TD microcapsules was performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The microcapsules (average size of 0.49 μm) displayed a melting enthalpy (∆Hm) of 105 J·g−1 and a crystallization enthalpy (∆Hc) of 51 J·g−1. The microcapsules were mixed with the acrylic binder in three different ratios (75:25, 50:50, and 25:75). Hydrothermal, knife-over-roll, and pad-dry-cure methods were employed for coating microcapsules to cotton fabric. Microcapsule coating on cotton fabric using hydrothermal coating with a 75:25 microcapsule binder ratio achieved the highest add-on (55 %) and good durability after 25 home washes. The thermal insulation R-value of the coated fabric was enhanced (0.0029 m2 K·W−1) at 40 °C. The real-time test showed a temperature difference of 2.8 °C and thermal imaging displayed lower emissivity for TD-coated fabric. The TD microcapsule coating offers a promising method for developing climate-responsive textiles, enhancing thermal comfort, and reducing energy consumption in heating and cooling systems.

A multi-stimulus responsive nanogel actuator with the π-π stacking interaction self-assembly and application for bioinspired smart skin with light, heat and humidity responses and superb UV resistance

The fabrication and development of assemblies of bionic smart skin with multi-stimulus response and multi-color tunable properties is a major challenge in the field of advanced materials and smart wearable devices. In this work, an amphiphilic functional nanogel switch connected by long polyether chain segments containing bis-spiropyran with the π-π stacking interactions was designed. A multi-stimulus responsive color-changing nanogel actuator (SP-PEG-NA) was constructed using ionic liquid-assisted self-assembly. A composite bionic smart skin (WPU/SP-PEG@CF) was prepared by compositing SP-PEG-NA, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and flexible cotton fabric based on physical cross-linking. The smart skin possesses multiple color-changing properties in response to light, heat and humidity. Even under ultra-low UV intensity (0.025 mW/cm2), WPU/SP-PEG@CF also exhibits significant photochromic properties. Surprising, the smart composite constructed with the nanogels possessed extremely high UV shielding performance (UPF 628.68) and photocontrolled hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition properties. The self-assembled nanogel actuators greatly improved the stimulus–response sensitivity. The multiple supramolecular noncovalent interactions of the nanogel actuator such as hydrophilic long polyether structures hydrogen-bonding and π-π stacking interactions endowed nanogel highly self-assembly properties. They showed excellent multi-stimulus response in color-changing, versatility and reversibility. The multi-stimulus responsive and multifunctional smart composites prepared using self-assembled nanogel has potential applications in smart wearable materials, sensors and information display.

Next‐Generation Ultrathin Lightweight Electrode for pH‐Universal Aqueous Flow Batteries

AbstractAqueous flow batteries (AFBs) are promising long‐duration energy storage system owing to intrinsic safety, inherent scalability, and ultralong cycle life. However, due to the thicker (3–5 mm) and heavier (300–600 g m−2) nature, the current used graphite felt (GF) electrodes still limit the volume/weight power density of AFBs. Herein, a lightweight (≈50 g m−2) and ultrathin (≈0.3 mm) carbon microtube electrode (CME) is proposed derived from a scalable one‐step carbonization of commercial cotton cloth. The unique loose woven structure composed of carbon microtube endows CME with excellent conductivity, abundant active sites, and enhanced electrolyte transport performance, thereby significantly reducing polarization in working AFBs. As a consequence, CME demonstrates excellent cycling performance in pH‐universal AFBs, including acidic vanadium flow battery (maximum power density of 632.2 mW cm−2), neutral Zn‐I2 flow battery (750 cycles with average Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%), and alkaline Zn‐Fe flow battery (energy efficiency over 70% at 200 mA cm−2). More importantly, the estimated price of CME is only 5% of GF (≈3 vs ≈60 $ m−2). Therefore, it is reasonably anticipated that the lightweight and ultrathin CME may emerge as the next generation electrode for AFBs.

Synthesis of Bio-Oil via Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Cotton Fabric Waste and Polypropylene Plastic Waste

The growing energy demand and rising environmental concerns pose severe difficulties for future generations in maintaining energy sustainability. Therefore, it is critical to explore alternative green energy sources. Hence, this study synthesized renewable bio-oil by utilizing biomass of cotton fabric waste (CFW) and polypropylene plastic waste (PPW) as feedstocks. Titanium and alumina extracted from industrial solid waste (Ti-EA) were selected as catalysts due to their active sites promoting co-pyrolysis reaction towards bio-oil formation. The Ti-EA catalyst was prepared via the wet impregnation method at different calcination times. The bio-oil was synthesized via co-pyrolysis of CFW and PPW in a fixed bed reactor at the reaction temperature of 600 °C for 1 h. The effects of the catalyst calcination time were evaluated based on the bio-oil yield and product distribution. Moreover, the catalysts were characterized by BET and FTIR. The findings show that the Ti-EA catalyst calcined at 4 h (Ti-EA-4) obtained the highest bio-oil yield of 68% whereas calcination at 6 h (Ti-EA-6) gave the lowest yield of 28%. The BET shows that the Ti-EA-4 catalyst has a higher surface area of 121.6 m2/g than the Ti-EA-6 catalyst of 96.74 m2/g. This indicates that surface area is an important characteristic that promotes efficient catalytic activity for bio-oil production. Meanwhile, FTIR results show that the catalysts have similar surface functional groups mainly O-H stretching vibrations. Overall, Ti-EA catalyst calcined at 4 h has exhibited good performance in producing bio-oil via co-pyrolysis of CFW and PPW. Thus, Ti-EA catalyst has the potential to produce bio-oil as fuel, which contributes towards waste to energy conversion and environmental preservation.

The effect of size concentration, lubricant and plasticizer agents contents on cold sizing process performance of cotton warp yarns: modelling and optimization studies

Cold sizing is the alternative to conventional hot sizing of cotton warp yarns due to this low-energy consuming character. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of size recipe ingredients on the cold sizing performance of cotton warp yarns. A three factors-three levels Box-Behnken experimental design and a response surface methodology were investigated to examine the effect of size concentration (40, 50, and 60 g/L), lubricant agent content (0%, 4%, and 8%), and plasticizer agent content (0%, 5%, and 10%) on sizing properties. In this work, the effect of experimental parameters was determined by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Therefore, a multi-objective optimization technique was used to optimize the output responses in terms of the maximum value of size cohesion power, the maximum value of size adhesion to cotton fibers, the maximum values of mechanical properties of sized cotton warp yarns, and the minimum value of hairiness of warp yarn after cold sizing. Finally, the experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained by SEM and FTIR analysis. In addition, desizing efficiencies and wettability results proved that the optimum size recipe was successfully removable from cotton fabrics by the desizing process in hot water.

Sustainable antimicrobial functionalization of cotton with lavender oil and jackfruit latex

In recent years, functional antimicrobial fabric materials have been in high demand in the health sector due to the impact of COVID-19. Considering the increasing demand, the availability of natural, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic products is limited. In this study, a facile, eco-friendly method for the preparation of antimicrobial functional cotton fabric is proposed. At first, scoured and bleached cotton fabric is treated with chitosan, followed by encapsulation of lavender essential oil (LEO) with the addition of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (jackfruit) latex gum as a binder. For the encapsulation and optimization of LEO and jackfruit latex gum (JLG) performance, four variations of these material’s quantity were utilized. Among all the studied samples, we found that the most efficient inhibition of bacterial growth was induced in both gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) cultures. Among the samples, the chitosan-treated fabric with LEO and JLG added, named TG-5 (refers to LEO of 3 mL and JLG of 5 mL), showed the most impactful bacteria reduction. It demonstrates the most effective antibacterial reduction of 92.5% and 56.8% for E. coli and S. aureus bacterium cultures, respectively. The field emission scanning electron microscope illustrates and validates the morphology and addition of the prepared samples, while Fourier transform infrared is employed to identify the chemical bonding and chemical compounds of the functionalized materials. Therefore, the new combination of lavender oil and latex gum of jackfruit as an antimicrobial finishing agent can be the replacement of synthetic chemicals for cotton fabric functionalization in medical textiles.

The Effects of Polyester Filament Number and Accompanying Hydrophilic Fiber Type on Moisture Management and Drying of Double-Layered Knitted Fabrics

This study aims to investigate the moisture transfer and drying behavior of the double-layered fabrics knitted using polyester yarns with a combination of cotton and viscose yarns. As well as the fiber type on both faces, the effect of the number of filaments of the polyester yarns was also researched. For this purpose, double-layered interlock fabrics were knitted, and the resultant samples were characterized by moisture management, drying, water vapor permeability, and heat conduction tests. It was indicated that the fabrics knitted by polyester yarns on the inner side and cotton fabrics on the outer side resulted in a very good overall moisture-management capacity. The same applied to the drying speed; even faster drying was achieved than the 100% polyester double-layered samples. The increase in the filament number led to a decrease in both moisture management and drying rate. Moreover, it was determined that the use of viscose yarn was not suitable.

Environmental Sustainability Analysis of Rotary-Screen Printing and Digital Textile Printing

Worldwide concern regarding the need for more sustainable textile supply chain prompted emphasis on innovation in the coloration process, often considered the most problematic segment of the supply chain. Digital textile printing, an emerging coloration technology, has the potential to improve sustainability significantly. This study undertakes an environmental sustainability analysis that compares the impacts of rotary-screen printing, the traditional, more established printing method, and digital textile printing. Researchers partnered with Creditex S.A.A., a vertically integrated textile company from Peru, to perform the research in a realistic factory setting. Creditex printed a 16-color design for an order of 1000m cotton fabric with reactive dye occupying both rotary-screen printing and digital textile printing and collected environmental impact data throughout the production process, including consumption, usage, and wastage. The findings suggest that digital textile printing is favorable to rotary-screen printing in terms of environmental sustainability impacts within the research context.

Real performance analysis of drape of virtual cotton fabric based on Style3D

PurposeTo investigate whether the actual effects of eight drape characteristics of virtual fabrics can be manifested in the Style 3D software.Design/methodology/approachImage analysis was conducted using MATLAB software to obtain the drape characteristics of virtual fabrics. Pair the drape characteristics of the real and virtual fabrics for difference. The S-W method was used to conduct a normality test to obtain the correlation of paired samples. A paired sample t-test was performed to obtain the significance values.FindingsThe simulation restoration performance of the drape coefficient, number of undulations, maximum undulation angle, minimum undulation angle and undulation angle uniformity was good. However, there are differences in the simulation performance of the other three indicators: maximum undulation amplitude, minimum undulation amplitude and undulation amplitude uniformity compared to the drape characteristics of real fabrics.Originality/valueProvides reference value for the improvement of Style3D software in virtual fabric simulation and finds the main influential parameters and their impact levels that contribute to the realistic representation of virtual fabrics in software. It provides a theoretical basis for course teaching in digital fashion.

Preparation of Nano-Sized Eucalyptus Leaves Extract and its Application on Cotton as Natural Dyes and Antibacterial Agents

Nano-emulsions of Eucalyptus globulus leaves extract in 96% ethanol and 96% methanol were successfully prepared using the method of homogenization at various speeds of 13,000 rpm, 15,000 rpm and 17,000 rpm, with the addition of non-ionic surfactant to prevent agglomeration. A phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannin, phenol and flavonoids. The size of the resulting nano-emulsions was measured using a particle size analyser (PSA) prior to the dyeing of cotton fabrics using the two-dips-two-nips method. Antibacterial tests were carried out on the extracts and dyed fabrics. The results showed that nano-sized particles (< 100 nm) were obtained from all extracts in both solvents used at all speeds. All dyed fabrics showed good levelness in a pale-brown colour with K/S values < 1 for all samples under spectrophotometric measurement. The colour fastness of the dyed fabrics to washing and rubbing were good to very good, with grey scale values ranging between 4/5–5. Antibacterial tests in Staphylococcus aureus bacterium showed that the eucalyptus leaves extract solution exhibited antibacterial ability, as evidenced by the formation of clear zones around the wells. Much better antibacterial activity was demonstrated by the dyed fabrics. Changing the particle size to nano increased the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity of the Eucalyptus globulus. Results showed that the nano-sized eucalyptus leaves extract demonstrated a more significant antibacterial activity than dyeability.

Safety research of textile materials with flame retardant properties

This article discusses the findings of a study that explored the use of new compositions containing tetraethoxysilane, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and hexamethylenediamine to improve the flame retardancy of cellulose fiber materials. The impact of different components and temperatures on the fire-resistant properties of the fabric was examined. In an untreated sample measuring 17*22 cm, ignition occurred in 15 seconds and the fabric burned completely within 60 seconds, whereas a treated sample showed signs of retardation. Increasing the concentration of flame retardant impregnation at a temperature of 150 degrees had minimal effects on the material's strength, air permeability, and appearance. With the help of electron scanning device it was found that on the surface of the fibers of the treated sample morphological changes were observed in the form of film, which in turn contain particles of Si (25.48%), P (17.61%), Na (1.70%). The optimum conditions of fabric processing are determined, the influence of concentration of working solution, impregnation and thermofixation temperature on flame retardant properties of fabrics investigated, also processing can be carried out on standard equipment of finishing enterprises and laboratories. Cotton materials treated with a compound based on tetraethoxysilane, sodium dihydrophosphate and hexamethylenediamine provides adequate fire resistance.

Extraction of natural dye from Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and evaluation of its antimicrobial, ultraviolet and dyeing properties on cotton fabrics

Extraction of natural dye from Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and evaluation of its antimicrobial, ultraviolet and dyeing properties on cotton fabrics

Stearic acid modified Fe3O4/Y2O3 composite membranes for efficient oil-water separation

Traditional oil-water separation methods have low separation efficiency and are prone to environmental pollution. The development of low-cost and environmentally friendly novel oil-water separation membranes is of wide interest nowadays. In this work, stearic acid modified Fe3O4/Y2O3 (Fe3O4/Y2O3/SA) composite membranes are prepared on PET and cotton fabric using spraying and impregnation methods. Both Y2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles are compounded on the surface of the substrate and modified using stearic acid impregnation. The results show that Fe3O4/Y2O3/SA composite membrane has a water contact angle of 152.5° and exhibits super hydrophobicity/lipophilicity. At the same time, the composite membrane has excellent oil-water separation performance, including high separation efficiency (99.92 %) for a variety of oil-water mixtures, and good stability in 15 cycles of separation tests. The mechanism of oil-water separation is discussed.

Sustainable Assessment of Bio-Colorant from Bakain Bark (Melia azedarach L.) for Dyeing of Cellulosic and Proteinous Fabric.

The current study proceeded to reduce the environmental hazards spreading worldwide due to synthetic dyes. To overcome these problems, eco-friendly natural dyes are introduced as alternative sources of synthetic dyes. The present study was focused on exploring the bio-colorant of the aqueous and acidic extract of the bark of Melia azedarach L. for the dyeing of both silk and cotton samples. The results of the extraction medium specified that the aqueous extract gave maximum colorant solubility and upon fabric dyeing produced higher color strength in contrast to the acidic medium. The optimization experimentation data showed that excellent color strength of silk fabric was found at 45 min dyeing time duration, in 35:1 mL dye extract, and using 2% salt (NaCl) as an exhausting agent, whereas cotton fabric showed the maximum K/S value at 60 min dyeing time, in a 45:1 mL liquor ratio, and with the use of 2% salt. Bio-mordants produce different shades on both fabrics. Bio-mordanting experiments on silk revealed that pre-mordanting with 2% turmeric and 3% pomegranate, and post-mordanting using 3% turmeric and 2% pomegranate produced a darker shade. In the case of cotton, the pre-mordanted samples with 2% turmeric and 3% pomegranate and the post-mordanted samples with 4% turmeric and 4% pomegranate gave the highest color strengths. All the mordanted samples gave excellent fastness ratings. Overall, it has been found that Bakain bark proved to be an excellent source of tannin. The result of this study showed that it could be a cost-effective and eco-friendly dye source for textile progress.

Preparation of a bifunctional precursor with antibacterial and flame retardant properties and its application to cotton fabrics

Cotton fabric is a cellulose-based material with complex capillary spaces, which enhance breathability and softness. However, these capillary spaces can promote bacterial growth with moisture during storage and daily use. Additionally, cotton fibers are highly flammable, posing a fire hazard to wearer. The lack of inherent antibacterial and flame retardant properties in cotton fabric limits its applications. In this paper, the triazole compound containing Schiff base (NABTA) was synthesized from 3-bromopropene, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, followed by an addition reaction between Schiff base activity and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to synthesize an antibacterial and flame retardant precursor (NABTA-DOPO). The structure of NABTA and NABTA-DOPO was characterized by FTIR and NMR. NABTA and NABTA-DOPO were applied to cotton fabrics to investigate and compare their antibacterial properties and thermal stability. The results showed that all the cotton fabrics treated with NABTA and NABTA-DOPO had favorable antibacterial effects. The introduction of DOPO had no significant effect on the antibacterial effect and mechanism of the fabrics. However, it otherwise improved the burning stability of treated cotton fabrics. The antibacterial activity of 10 g/L NABTA-DOPO treated cotton fabrics after chlorination against E. coli and S. aureus was over 99.99 %. The vertical burning test results showed that cotton fabrics treated with a concentration of 50 g/L NABTA-DOPO had improved flame retardant properties with a damaged length of 5.9 cm. In addition, the storage, washability, UV stability and antibacterial reproducibility experiments demonstrated the excellent durability and reproducibility of the N-halamine structure of chlorinated cotton fabrics. This study enhances cotton fabric by synthesizing and applying NABTA and NABTA-DOPO, resulting in improved multifunctionalities, including antibacterial properties, flame retardancy, UV resistance, and wettability.

Preparation and properties of sustainable superhydrophobic cotton fabrics modified with lignin nanoparticles, tannic acid and methyltrimethoxysilane

Functional superhydrophobic cotton fabrics find extensive applications in both textile and non-textile domains. Nonetheless, fabric treatment typically relies on fluorine-containing compounds, inorganic nanoparticles and potentially hazardous organic solvents, posing environmental risks during fabrication and disposal. To address this issue, endeavours are underway to develop environmentally sustainable and cost-effective methods and materials for imparting superhydrophobic properties to cotton fabric surfaces. Here, we prepared lignin nanoparticles (LNP) utilising deep eutectic solvents and facilitated their surface adhesion to cotton fabrics through the self-polymerisation of tannic acid (TA) under alkaline conditions for the construction of micro-/nanostructures on the fabric surface. Subsequently, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) was employed to confer superhydrophobic properties to the fabrics using a combination of thermal chemical vapour deposition techniques, resulting in a contact angle of approximately 164.3° and a sliding angle of 8.52°. Owing to the combined effect of TA and LNP, the modified fabrics exhibited excellent ultraviolet (UV) shielding ability (UV transmittance < 1 %, UV protection factor = 50 + ) and photothermal conversion (54.2 °C in 150 s). In short, micro-/nanostructures with surface hydrophilicity were constructed on the surface of cotton fabrics using two hydrophilic biomaterials, i.e. TA, which is similar to polydopamine but lighter in colour and less expensive, and LNP as sustainable colloidal particles. Subsequently, their surface roughness was further enhanced, and superhydrophobic properties were imparted through modification with the low surface energy substance MTMS. This method not only promotes the high-value utilisation of lignin but also serves as a reference for constructing superhydrophobic structures using biomass hydrophilic materials on cellulose substrates. The prepared superhydrophobic fabric suggests potential applications in water and stain repellence, self-cleaning, outdoor UV protection and the management of marine oil spill pollution.

Facile fabrication of ultradurable flame-retardant and hydrophobic cotton fabric with P/N-rich maltodextrin derivative and octadecyltrimethoxysilane

Flame-retardant and hydrophobic cotton fabric provides protections from fire, stain and bacteria in daily life. However, it is still a great challenge to achieve ultrahigh durability via a green and facile technology. Herein, we synthesized a reactive P/N-rich maltodextrin derivative (PM), and reported a facile dipping-baking strategy to fabricate ultradurable flame-retardant and hydrophobic cotton fabric with PM and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS). The acids released from PM not only reacted with cellulose during baking, but also catalyzed the hydrolysis-polycondensation of OTMS and silylation reaction of cellulose. Thanks to the P/N/Si synergy and the existence of polyalkylsiloxane coating, treated fabric exhibited outstanding flame retardancy and hydrophobicity with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 34.7% and a water contact angle (WCA) of 143.3°. The chemical crosslinkings in PM-cellulose and OTMS-cellulose imparted ultrahigh durability to treated fabric. The LOI and WCA of treated fabric still reached 27.2% and 127.9° after 50 harsh washing cycles, respectively. Moreover, the WCA still maintained above 125° after 3000 intense friction cycles or soaked in strongly acidic/alkaline solution for 3 days. This work not only provides a new idea to synthesize biobased reactive flame retardant, but also a feasible and sustainable strategy for fabricating ultradurable hydrophobic and flame-retardant cotton fabric.

Antibacterial mechanism of water-soluble CeO2 nanoflowers and its product design in antibacterial application

Antibacterial surface coatings have attracted growing attention in the textile industry. In this study, water-soluble CeO2 nanoflowers were synthesized by a modified critical micelle antisolvent method, displaying the potential for mass production at a low cost. The structure and electronic states of CeO2 were investigated deeply. Moreover, the antibacterial mechanism of CeO2 was studied in depth. The results revealed that CeO2 nanoflowers with abundant oxygen vacancies can adsorb O2 and produce amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the electron transfer of Ce4+ and Ce3+. These compounds can destroy cell walls, resulting in the leakage of bacterial nucleic acids and proteins, leading to bacterial death. The CeO2 nanoflowers exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and biological safety. The antibacterial cotton fabric was prepared by the impregnation method. Considering the material impregnation amounts and impregnation time, a new washing machine was designed to prepare the antibacterial fabric. In this work, fabrics were modified using CeO2 nanoflowers with a simple method suitable for mass production, showing great application potential in antimicrobial cotton fabric. In addition, in order to further expand the application field of CeO2 nanoflowers, antibacterial elevator button patches, antibacterial coatings and other products were designed.