Cotton Fiber Properties Research Articles

Effect of PRE-Herbicide Treatments on Weed Management, Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Yield and Fiber Properties

ABSTRACT There are few registered pre-emergence herbicides in cotton and the growers usually apply the herbicides fluometuron, pendimethalin and s-metolachlor. However, other herbicides such as flurochloridone, flumioxazin and the premixture pendimethalin plus terbuthylazine are alternative pre-emergence options for weed control. A field experiment was conducted in northern Greece in 2021 and repeated in 2022 to study the effect of the preemergence mixtures fluometuron+ s-metolachlor at 1500 + 960 g a.i. ha−1, flumioxazin+ s-metolachlor at 50 + 960 g a.i. ha−1, flurochloridone+ s-metolachlor at 325 + 960 g a.i. ha−1 and pendimethalin+ terbuthylazine at 1125 + 562.5 g a.i. ha−1 on weed control, cotton yield and technological properties of cotton fiber. Amaranthus spp. Portulaca olearacea L. Solanum nigrum L. Chenopodium album L. were highly (>90%) controlled by all herbicides, Tribolus terrestris L. by flumioxazin+ s-metolachlor and pendimethalin+ terbuthylazine, whereas the perennial Sorghum halepense, Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. and Convolvulus arvensis L. were not affected. The response of cotton to these herbicides regarding crop emergence, growth, seed yield and technological properties of fiber was similar. Transient phytotoxic herbicide injuries were detected only in the second year of the study. Although, the phytotoxic injuries did not affect cotton growth, appropriate management of irrigation after herbicide application may be considered to decrease the incidence of serious herbicide injury.

Study of the Electrophysical Properties of "Surkhon-104" Grade Cotton Fibers Alloyed with \(KMnO_4\)

In this article, the physical properties of cotton fibers sort of "Surkhon-104" with thermal treatment were studied. The main results of the research are as follows. The electrophysical and photoelectrical properties of cotton fibers doped with KMnO4 were studied. The research was carried out in the temperature range of 300-360 K and voltage in the range of 0-100 V. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of cotton fibers was studied. It was proved that the current flowing from all samples prepared as a research object obeys Ohm's law. It was found that the photoconductivity caused by ultraviolet and visible light in the cotton fibers sample is mainly related to the formation of inter-zone electron-hole pairs. it was found that the electrical conductivity increased significantly due to the photogeneration of charge carriers. The long-term relaxation of photoconductivity was determined, which is related to the localization of electrons to Et2=Ec-1,5 eV levels.

Mechanical Properties of Cotton and High-Performance Fiber Blended Denim Fabrics for Motorcycle Protective Clothing

Mechanical Properties of Cotton and High-Performance Fiber Blended Denim Fabrics for Motorcycle Protective Clothing

Back-propagation ANN to Predict Cleanliness and Quality of Cotton Spinning Preparatory Output: A Comprehensive Research

Background: Modern spinning preparatory has undergone drastic technological changes, but still, individual’s expertise-based decisions govern the complex and non-linear multivariant relationships prevailing amongst raw material (cotton) variables, machine variables, process variables (waste), and product (card sliver) quality. The scientifically precise prediction regarding the cleanliness and quality of card sliver and waste control for the given inputted cotton variables processed on the state-of-the-art machinery setup without waiting for the production and testing of card sliver is still impossible. Methods: The present work describes the use of Aritificial Neural Networks (ANN) for ruling out these limitations on scientific grounds. A complex system targeted at ANN was developed using the "newff" function on the mill's five-year database. Single-group ANN was initially designed to determine the influence of inherent variations in raw cotton fibre properties and trash content on blow room and card performance. A multi-group approach of ANN was developed at a later stage to define the influence of complex interactions amongst various fibre properties on three main quality measures considered at blow room and carding, viz., i) influence of blow room and card on fibre length properties, ii) fibre damage at blow room or improvement at card, and iii) degree of cleanliness of the output material. Results: Reverse modelling for both groups was also successfully designed to demarcate feed cotton quality and cleanliness requirements for targeted blow room or card cleaning performance. Conclusion: A high level of positive endurance was observed for all ANNs. Multigroup networking has proven to be more precise than single group networking.

Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Simple Algorithm Analysis for Rapid and Non-Destructive Assessment of Cotton Fiber Maturity and Crystallinity for Plant Mapping.

Information on boll distribution within a cotton plant is critical to evaluate the adaptation and response of cotton plants to environmental and biotic stress in cotton production. Cotton researchers have applied available conventional fiber measurements, such as the high volume instrument (HVI) and advanced fiber information system (AFIS), to map the location and the timing of boll development and distribution within plants and further to determine within-plant variability of cotton fiber properties. Both HVI and AFIS require numerous cotton bolls combined for the measurement. As an alternative approach, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy was proposed to measure fiber maturity (MIR) and crystallinity (CIIR) of a sample as little as 0.5 mg lint. Extending fiber maturity and crystallinity measurement into a single boll for node-by-node mapping, FT-IR method might be advantageous due to less sampling amount compared with HVI and AFIS methods. Results showed that FT-IR technique enabled the evaluation of fiber MIR and CIIR at a boll level, which resulted in average MIR and CIIR values highly correlated with HVI micronaire (MIC) and AFIS maturity ratio (M). Hence, FT-IR technique possesses a good potential for a rapid and non-destructive node-by-node mapping of cotton boll maturity and crystallinity distribution.

The Effect of a Low Degree of Fluorine Substitution on Cotton Fiber Properties

The Effect of a Low Degree of Fluorine Substitution on Cotton Fiber Properties

Further Studies of Mechanical Damage on Machine-Harvested Cotton Fiber via Coupling Effect of Moisture Regains and Low Temperature

ABSTRACT Cotton is a crucial raw material for the textile industry, and the quality of its initial product greatly affects the properties of the yarn and fabric. However, the impact of low temperature and moisture regain during ginning on the mechanical properties has not been extensively studied. This paper aims to address this gap by designing and analyzing a strategy for evaluating the mechanical properties of machine-harvested cotton fibers pretreated at different moisture regain levels and temperatures. Regression models for the relationship between temperature and mechanical properties under different moisture regain conditions were also established, showing good consistency. Additionally, the study examines the mechanical damage mechanism of cotton fibers during the harvesting and ginning process by observing the fiber fracture interface of different samples. Especially, those with low moisture regain exhibit a V-type fracture, while those with high moisture regain display significant fibrils exposed on the fiber body, resulting in a tearing morphology at the fracture interface. In conclusion, this study provides theoretical support for optimizing the harvesting process in cotton processing enterprises in terms of moisture regain and low temperature and makes a significant toward sustainable cotton fiber harvesting and processing technology.

Study of Electrophysical and Optical Properties of Cotton Fibers Irradiated in γ-60Co Radiation Source

Study of Electrophysical and Optical Properties of Cotton Fibers Irradiated in γ-60Co Radiation Source

The Effect of a Low Degree of Fluorine Substitution on Cotton Fiber Properties

AbstractCellulose modification often employs chemical processes to tailor its properties and functionalities to fit the demands of a wide range of applications, maximizing its potential as a versatile and sustainable material. From both synthetic and environmental standpoints, one of the ultimate goals is to achieve significant modifications to enhance the end properties of the cellulose while minimizing the number of modified building blocks. The current study demonstrates that a synthetic glucose derivative, 6‐deoxy‐6‐fluoro‐glucose (6F‐Glc), fed into the fertilized cotton ovules, resulted in the accumulation of fluorine inside the cotton fibers with no apparent alteration to their morphology or development. These fibers exhibited a degree of substitution of 0.006, which is 170 times lower than that reported for chemical methods for cellulose modification. However, the physical characterization of the modified fibers showed a surprisingly large impact of this low‐level modification on the cellulose structure (e.g., hydrogen bonding network rearrangement) and a modest increase in the mechanical properties of the fibers. The obtained results exemplify the use of biological systems to introduce low quantities of new functionalities while maximizing the impact on fiber properties.

Use of Span Lengths Extracted from the HVI Fibrogram to Predict Yarn Quality

ABSTRACT Cotton fiber properties play a significant role in determining the quality of yarns and fabrics. Information on fiber length distribution is crucial throughout many textile processing steps to transform fibers into yarn. The current High Volume Instrument (HVI) provides only two traditional length parameters, the upper half mean length (UHML) and uniformity index (UI). The UI is the mean length (ML) divided by the UHML expressed as a percentage. Both UHML and ML are extracted from the fibrogram, are highly correlated, and characterize only the longer fibers in a sample. Yet, the whole fibrogram contains more descriptive information than the two length measurements provided by the HVI. In addition, the fibrogram is a stable measurement on an HVI, and differences in fibrogram measurements across instruments can be reduced using a recently proposed calibration method. However, the use of the complete fibrogram by the textile industry is complicated and almost impossible in practice. This study aimed to investigate a simplified method to identify key span lengths extracted from the HVI fibrogram that can improve yarn prediction compared to the current method. The results obtained from a set of 60 commercial-like samples covering a wide range of length parameters are promising.

Computational analysis of physico-mechanical properties of cotton fibers using elastic tensor analysis tool

The harm that has been caused to the climate because of the broad usage of synthetic materials has incited the improvement and use of natural fiber materials. This study is an endeavor to investigate the underlying physico-mechanical properties of few cotton fibers which are cultivated across India, USA, and Ukraine. Powder X-ray diffraction data of considered fibers were acquired and utilized along with statistical tools to get their physico-mechanical properties. The chosen materials belong to monoclinic unit cell with lattice parameters a=7.350 Å, b=8.220 Å, c=10.370 Å and β=96.28°. The XRD has been refined using FullProf software package and obtained the crystallographic information file. Trealor's principle has been employed to obtain the 6×6 elastic constants for a monoclinic crystal system. These elastic constants were employed to open-source Elastic Tensor Analysis Tool (ELATE) and spatial dependence of elastic moduli were plotted and observed that, the USA cotton has significant mechanical properties compared to Indian and Ukraine cotton. This method can be extended to any material of interest to compute the physico-mechanical properties.

Interrelationships between cotton fiber quality traits and tensile properties of hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics

Cotton fibers can be used to produce nonwovens suitable for numerous single use applications including hygiene, wipes, and medical products among others. Cotton comprises a relatively small amount of total raw materials used in nonwovens production compared to the synthetic fibers of polyester and polypropylene, but the use of cotton fibers in nonwovens continues to increase due to demand for disposable products containing natural, sustainable, and biodegradable materials. However, the relationship between cotton fiber classification measurements and nonwoven fabric physical and functional properties are not well characterized. A better understanding of the effects of cotton fiber properties on nonwovens fabric properties will facilitate fiber selection for specific end-use applications. In this study, cotton fibers with broad distributions of fiber quality measurements from 10 recombinant inbred lines of a multi parent advanced generation intercross multiparent advanced generation intercross population were harvested and processed in their greige state into hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics of two distinct basis weights. Tensile testing of lightweight nonwovens indicated fiber length and tensile strength at break were positively correlated with fabric strength, whereas micronaire (air permeability of a fiber bundle) was negatively correlated indicating finer fibers contributed to increased fabric strength. Increased strength of heavyweight fabrics was mainly correlated with higher fiber uniformity index. These results suggest that cotton fibers could be selectively sourced based on fiber quality for specific nonwoven applications and establishes alternative market opportunities for cotton fibers classified as inferior and subject to discount pricing in the woven textile market.

Phenomics and transcriptomics analyses reveal deposition of suberin and lignin in the short fiber cell walls produced from a wild cotton species and two mutants.

Fiber length is one of the major properties determining the quality and commercial value of cotton. To understand the mechanisms regulating fiber length, genetic variations of cotton species and mutants producing short fibers have been compared with cultivated cottons generating long and normal fibers. However, their phenomic variation other than fiber length has not been well characterized. Therefore, we compared physical and chemical properties of the short fibers with the long fibers. Fiber characteristics were compared in two sets: 1) wild diploid Gossypium raimondii Ulbrich (short fibers) with cultivated diploid G. arboreum L and tetraploid G. hirsutum L. (long fibers); 2) G. hirsutum short fiber mutants, Ligon-lintless 1 (Li1) and 2 (Li2) with their near isogenic line (NIL), DP-5690 (long fibers). Chemical analyses showed that the short fibers commonly consisted of greater non-cellulosic components, including lignin and suberin, than the long fibers. Transcriptomic analyses also identified up-regulation of the genes related to suberin and lignin biosynthesis in the short fibers. Our results may provide insight on how high levels of suberin and lignin in cell walls can affect cotton fiber length. The approaches combining phenomic and transcriptomic analyses of multiple sets of cotton fibers sharing a common phenotype would facilitate identifying genes and common pathways that significantly influence cotton fiber properties.

Study the Biological Efficacy of Chromen Derivatives Formulated as Dustable Powders Against Pink Bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Spiny Bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), Evaluation of Their Effect on Cotton Yield and Fiber Properties under Field Conditions

Study the Biological Efficacy of Chromen Derivatives Formulated as Dustable Powders Against Pink Bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Spiny Bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), Evaluation of Their Effect on Cotton Yield and Fiber Properties under Field Conditions

Predicting cotton fiber properties from fiber length parameters measured by dual-beard fibrograph

Cotton fiber properties, although strongly influenced by plant growth conditions, are largely dictated by the cotton variety; therefore, certain inherent associations exist among these properties. Previous studies examined the mutual influences of cotton properties (e.g., fiber maturity on strength), but latent associations between fiber length and other important properties (e.g., fineness, maturity and strength) have not been explored. This paper attempted to investigate these relationships, and to create regression models to predict the fiber properties from the length parameters so that an overview on cotton quality can be provided when only length measurements are available. We collected 100 cotton samples as a training set and 17 extra samples as a testing set, and measured the fiber length parameters using the dual beard fibrograph and the seven other fiber properties (strength, elongation, micronaire, nep, fineness, immature fiber content, and maturity ratio) using the High Volume Instrument and Advanced Fiber Information System. We then performed the correlations, multicollinearity, regression and clustering analyses on the fiber properties. It was found that the fiber length parameters had moderate associations (0.3<|r|<0.7) with the seven properties, and the prediction errors for the training set varied from 2.25% (maturity ratio) to 14.36% (nep). The Bland–Altman analysis proved that for all the seven properties, more than 94.9% of the predicted and actual points were within the 95% agreement limits and without systematic biases. The regression models based on the five cotton clusters consistently lowered the prediction errors through the optimally aggregated fiber properties. The comparable results were obtained from the testing set, which demonstrated the good generalization power of the prediction models.

Statistical assessment of the comparative breaking strength of yarns with different fiber composition

This article studied the factors affecting the quality of cotton yarn. The properties of cotton fiber and their changes in technological processes play an important role in product production. Therefore, cotton fibers with different staple lengths of 28.5, 29.0, and 29.5 mm were used in the test work. Because it is advisable to use long fiber cotton fiber to get single yarn spun for sewing threads, for each option, different twists on the thread, i.e. the number of twists in 1 meter of thread were 850, 900, 950 b/m. The strength of individual threads ensures the quality of the product obtained from it, so we use the above number of twists. In order to determine the relative breaking strength of a single thread for sewing threads, experimental tests were conducted. According to the conducted experimental tests, 2 incoming factors were selected. As an output parameter, the relative tensile strength of the yarn, sN/tex (U) as input parameters, the effect of fiber staple length in mm, and the number of twists on the b/m indicator were studied based on the experiment. As a result of theoretical studies, the optimal value of the relative breaking strength of the thread from 16.25 sN/tex to 17.54 sN/tex, the staple length of the fiber should be more than 29.5 mm, and the number of twists should be 900 twist/meter It was determined that it should be. Based on the obtained conclusions, scientific and research work was carried out in the control enterprise. Based on the results of this research, the preliminary results of choosing the direction of further research were obtained. For this, LOTs were organized in the enterprise in various options. LOT-1 consists of Porloq-4, LOT-2 Bukhara-102, LOT-3 Sultan varieties. Based on the research results, the coefficient of variation in the linear density of yarns with different fiber content, the coefficient of variation in the number of twists, breaking strength, the variation coefficient in breaking strength, elongation at break, the coefficient of variation in elongation at break, comparison of the coefficients of variation for breaking strength and specific breaking strength were studied. When analyzing the effect of the composition of the fiber mixture on the physical-mechanical properties of the yarns for 3 LOTs, it was seen that the quality indicators of the yarns obtained from the LOT-1 mixture are higher than the indicators of the yarns obtained from other mixtures.

A study of the aerodynamic properties of cotton fiber in the confusor tube of a rotor spinning machine

In this article, the movement of fibers in the air channel and the rotor in the rotor spinning machine was studied. In the experimental work, the uniformity and stability of the velocity field of each channel for moving fibers in an aerodynamic device were checked. In this case, the airflow speed was changed from 5 m/s to 30 m/s. Also, differential equations of motion along the OX and OY axes were created taking into account the air resistance. When determining the movement of fibers in a conical channel, the total speed was divided into components, constant values were found, and general equations of motion were derived.

Supercritical CO2 Assisted TiO2 Preparation to Improve the UV Resistance Properties of Cotton Fiber.

Cotton fiber is favored by people because of its good moisture absorption, heat preservation, soft feel, comfortable wearing and other excellent performance. In recent years, due to the destruction of the ozone layer, the intensity of ultraviolet radiation at ground level has increased. Cotton fiber will degrade under long time ultraviolet irradiation, which limits the outdoor application of cotton fiber. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were prepared on the surface of cotton fibers with the help of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) to improve the UV resistance of cotton fibers. The effects of SCCO2 treatment on the morphology, surface composition, thermal stability, photostability and mechanical properties of TiO2 were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and single fiber test. The results showed that TiO2 particles were generated on the fiber surface, which reduced the photo-degradation rate of cotton fiber. This is because TiO2 can absorb UV rays and reduce the absorption of UV rays by the cotton fiber itself. The synthesis process of SCCO2 is simple and environmentally friendly, which provides a promising technology for the synthesis of metal nitrogen dioxide on natural plant fibers.

Co-bath hot-batch dyeing of cotton fibers with dopamine and CI reactive red 239

Polydopamine polymerization is one of the simplest methods for the functional modification of material surfaces. Because of the high requirements for rubbing and washing color fastness of textile and clothes fabrics during taking, the polydopamine on the fabric surface is a porous, loose, and disordered structure that cannot meet the color fastness requirements. To solve the above problems, we use a hot pad-batch treatment process of dopamine and CI reactive red 239 dye (RR239) that induces the orderly polymerization and growth of dopamine to prepare smooth and orderly polydopamine-modified and dyed cotton fabrics. In this way, the fastness of color is satisfied, and the color of the polydopamine-modified fabric can be enriched. In this paper, we compared the effects of three modification processes on the surface morphology of fibers with cotton fabrics as substrates, investigated the results on the dyeing properties of cotton fibers in the co-presence of dopamine/RR239, explored the role of calcium (Ca2+) ions in the dyeing process, and the Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer spectra of polydopamine-modified dyed cotton fibers were tested and the mechanism of cotton fiber modification and dyeing was elaborated. The results showed that the hot pad-batch dyeing process with the simultaneous presence of dopamine and reactive dyestuff could improve the polymerization and covalent cross-linking of dopamine, and increase the reaction of reactive dyestuff with fiber fixation. Due to the strong fabric extrusion, the polydopamine is an ordered and smooth structure, with excellent color fastness.

Decision Rule Prediction for Assessment of Rotor Spun Cotton Yarn Strength Using Rough Set

ABSTRACT Being an agro-based natural product, cotton always poses vagueness in the parameters. Hence, formulation of decision rules for prediction of cotton yarn quality from the imprecise cotton fiber properties is an intricate problem. Yarn tenacity is considered an imperative quality parameter in the cotton textile industry. Modelling of yarn tenacity has remained as the cynosure of research for textile engineers. In recent years, rough set theory has evolved as one of the most important techniques used for handling imprecise data. One of the cardinal uses of rough set theory is its application to rule generation. Our approach focuses on the elimination of the redundant data set in order to generate effective decision rules which retain the accuracy of the original data set. In this work rough set theory is employed to generate decision rules to predict yarn tenacity from six input parameters. The validation results prove that the generated 45 decision rules accurately predicted 14 out of 16 unknown test data. Thus, in the present competitive market, this model is potent for getting recognition from the textile industry.