Cost Allocation Research Articles

Costs analysis of integrating group interpersonal therapy into HIV care services in Senegal

IntroductionGroup Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), an evidence-based treatment of depression recommended by the WHO mhGAP Intervention Guide, was implemented through a task-shifting approach in Senegal, as a treatment for depressed people living with HIV (PLWH). Since a description of the resources used and the implementation costs incurred is necessary to inform policymakers better, this study aimed to estimate the costs associated with its implementation.MethodsIntervention costs were analyzed using an “ingredients-based costing approach” from the provider’s perspective. We identified and described the start-up and implementation costs for the initial phase and a projection over 5 years (implementation at capacity). We estimated total annual costs and cost per beneficiary. We conducted a scenario analysis to highlight some cost uncertainties and their impacts.ResultsThe total annual costs were estimated at $4064 for the initial phase and $8161 for the implementation at capacity. The training was the main cost driver representing approximately 60% of the total annual costs. The cost per beneficiary receiving group IPT was estimated at $65 for the implementation at capacity. The scenario analysis also illustrated the importance of parameters like the screening strategy, training activities, and allocation to cover transport costs mobilized by participants.ConclusionThis cost analysis highlighted the costs and cost allocations required to implement group IPT in Senegal to treat depression in PLWH. This preliminary work should enable policymakers to identify the optimal resources to be mobilized to implement and ensure the sustainability of this therapy in HIV at a country-level program.

The Role of FinOps in Large-Scale Cloud Cost Optimization

The rapid adoption of cloud computing in large enterprises has led to significant challenges in managing cloud costs, particularly as organizations scale their cloud environments across multiple services and providers. FinOps, or Financial Operations, has emerged as a crucial framework for addressing these challenges by fostering collaboration between finance, technology, and operations teams to optimize cloud expenditures. This discipline is designed to enhance financial accountability and visibility, ensuring that cloud resources are used efficiently and in alignment with business objectives. In large-scale cloud environments, where cloud resources are dynamic and often unpredictable, FinOps provides the necessary tools and processes for effective budgeting, cost allocation, and real-time monitoring. It enables organizations to identify inefficiencies, track spending trends, and implement best practices such as rightsizing, reserved instances, and automation. Furthermore, FinOps promotes a culture of shared responsibility for cloud costs, ensuring that both technical and financial teams work together to drive cost optimization across departments. This approach allows enterprises to reduce waste, improve forecasting accuracy, and scale their cloud usage in a financially sustainable manner. As cloud spending continues to rise, FinOps is positioned to play an increasingly pivotal role in large-scale cloud cost management. By offering a structured framework for financial transparency and cost control, FinOps helps organizations achieve a balance between optimizing cloud costs and maintaining flexibility, performance, and innovation in their cloud environments.

Co-Optimization Operation of Distribution Network-Containing Shared Energy Storage Multi-Microgrids Based on Multi-Body Game

Under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality target background, efficient collaborative scheduling between distribution networks and multi-microgrids is of great significance for enhancing renewable energy accommodation and ensuring stable system operation. Therefore, this paper proposes a collaborative optimization method for the operation of distribution networks and multi-microgrids with shared energy storage based on a multi-body game. The method is modeled and solved in two stages. In the first stage, a multi-objective optimization configuration model for shared energy storage among multi-microgrids is established, with optimization objectives balancing the randomness of renewable energy fluctuations and the economics of each microgrid undertaking shared energy storage. The charging and discharging interactive power of energy storage and each microgrid at various time periods are obtained and passed to the second stage. In the second stage, with the distribution network as the leader and shared energy storage and multi-microgrids as followers, a game optimization model with one leader and 2 followers is established. The model is solved based on an outer-layer genetic algorithm nested with an inner-layer solver to determine the electricity purchase and sale prices among the distribution network, multi-microgrids, and shared energy storage at various time periods, thereby minimizing operational costs. Finally, based on the power interaction of microgrids to measure their contributions, an improved Shapley value cost allocation method is proposed, effectively achieving a balanced distribution of benefits among the distribution network, shared energy storage, and multi-microgrids, thereby improving overall operational revenue. Meanwhile, a new method for calculating the shared energy storage capacity and the upper limit of charging and discharging power based on a game framework was proposed, which can save 37.23% of the power upper limit and 44.89% of the capacity upper limit, effectively saving the power upper limit and capacity upper limit.

A Survey of Sedation Practices for Adolescents and Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Undergoing Lumbar Puncture.

Lumbar puncture is a frequently performed procedure for patients undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This brief procedure is frequently performed with sedation in young patients but with only local anesthesia in adults. Adolescent and young adult patients may be cared for by physicians with different training backgrounds and sedation preferences, making the utilization of sedation for lumbar punctures variable among providers. The benefits of sedation for young adults with leukemia undergoing lumbar puncture (analgesia, anxiolysis, safety) must be weighed against the obligate fasting interval, hospital cost, and resource allocation that is required. We conducted a survey of pediatric and medical oncologists who care for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia to assess their use of sedation for adolescents and young adults undergoing lumbar punctures as part of their cancer therapy. (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JPHO/A723). Twenty-six percent of pediatric oncologists and 28% of medical oncologists completed the survey. Pediatric oncologists were more likely to perform lumbar punctures under sedation as compared with medical oncologists. This pattern remained consistent across all patient age ranges surveyed, despite no significant difference in the expected cumulative number of lumbar punctures that a patient was to undergo. Medical oncologists reported topicalization with local anesthetics before lumbar puncture more often than pediatric oncologists. Sedation practices for lumbar puncture during acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment varies by specialty of treating oncologist.

Long-term health benefit and economic return of time in range (TIR) improvement in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Time in range (TIR) is an important metric to measure variability of blood glucose levels. The aim is to quantify the long-term health benefits and economic return associated with improved TIR for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A Markov model with three states (T2D, T2D with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death) estimated 20-year medical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) gained and CVD risk under four TIR scenarios: >85%, 71%-85%, 51%-70% and ≤50%. The T2D population was identified using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and model parameters were sourced from literature. Costs were estimated from a healthcare sector perspective and standardized to 2021 US dollars. Cost ceilings were determined using three willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds: $100 000/QALY, $50 000/QALY and $0/QALY (cost-saving). Compared to TIR <50%, improving TIR to 51%-70% resulted in a 0.79 QALY increase and 4.91% CVD risk reduction; to 71%-85%, a 0.95 QALY increase and 6.24% CVD risk reduction; to >85%, a 1.18 QALY increase and 8.75% CVD risk reduction. To be cost-effective at $100 000/QALY, annual costs for TIR improvements from <50% to 51%-70%, 71%-85% and >85% should be <$1148, $4200 and $7252, respectively. To be cost-saving, these costs should be <$612, $2816 and $5021. Improving TIR yields significant health benefits. We calculated feasible medical cost allocations for TIR improvements, informing the implementation of interventions like continuous glucose monitoring devices.

Enhancing financial reporting compliance in manufacturing companies: A governance context

This paper investigates the integration of activity-based costing (ABC) and process costing into the financial reports of the manufacturing sector in addressing the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in general and International Accounting Standard 2 (IAS 2). A solid literature review supports 27 semi-structured interviews of financial and cost managers from different sectors to highlight significant difficulties in using both costing techniques simultaneously. Further, ABC offers comprehensive information but opposes IAS 2 in inventory valuation. In contrast, process costing is more in line with compliance requirements for strictness (Elghaish &amp; Abrishami, 2021). The research highlights that a strategic balancing act must be taken in compliance, continuous assessment, and training investment. The proposal for overcoming these challenges is piloting and partnering for effective financial reporting. This shows that the study ultimately provided invaluable insights into the application of dual-cost systems in financial reporting and proposed a framework for the effective integration of ABC and process costing, which helps in properly applying these methodologies within the manufacturing sector (Kaplan &amp; Ramanna, 2021). It also stresses, therefore, that there is an allowance for production capacity in the allocation of costs to give room for appropriate judgments on issues of resource allocation and production management.

Logistics cost management in foundry production using the Activity – Based Costing method

The aim of the paper is to present the application of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method in logistics cost management in foundry production and its practical use in differentiating logistics service levels. The study was carried out in a foundry specializing in custom and small batch production of castings. The implementation of the ABC method involved three key phases. Tools such as Pareto analysis and the Lorenz curve were used to analyse the customers, which enabled the classification of customers according to their contribution to profit. The main result of the research was the creation of a calculation formula allowing detailed allocation of logistics costs to individual activities. At the same time, the key benefits of the ABC method for logistics management of foundry production were identified. The method was also used to analyse customers, which led to differentiation of logistics service levels based on their economic benefits. The main benefit of the implementation of the ABC method was the accurate allocation of logistics costs to activities, which enabled a better understanding of the economic efficiency of logistics processes. However, the study was time and data intensive, with some of the data based on educated guesses, which may have affected the accuracy of the results. Moreover, the focus on custom foundry production limits the generalizability of the conclusions. However, the ABC method has opened up new opportunities for data automation and optimization of logistics processes through digital technology, which contributes to modernise logistics management in foundry production.

Calibrated models for effective clustering: Discriminating operation schedules in occupied buildings

AbstractEuropean directives advocate for end-users to be aware of their energy consumption. However, individual energy monitoring tools, such as energy meters or cost allocators, are not always affordable or technically feasible to install. Therefore, the development of virtual tools that enable the study of energy consumption in existing buildings is necessary. Virtual sensors, particularly based on white-box models, offer the opportunity to recreate these behaviours. When calibrated with measured data, white-box models, which incorporate detailed building physics, become increasingly valuable for designing energy-efficient buildings. This research explores a novel approach to identifying building’s load period directly from energy data generated by these calibrated models. The volume of data generated by white-box models can be overwhelming for visual analysis, but the hypothesis here is that analysing this data through clustering techniques can reveal patterns related to occupant behaviour and operational schedules. By feeding indoor temperature data into the calibrated model and analysing the resulting energy outputs, the research proposes a method to identify the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system operation schedule, free oscillation periods and non-recurrent events. Validation is achieved by comparing the identified periods with actual measured data. This methodology enables the development of a virtual sensor for cost allocation, which minimises the need for physical sensor deployment while complying with European Union directives. The research not only demonstrates high accuracy but also the potential to outperform measured schedule. This suggests the ability of the method to identify missing sensor data or other factors affecting temperature curves, enabling fault detection and diagnostics (FDD). Consequently, this opens doors for setting optimised operation schedules that balance energy efficiency with occupant comfort.

Research on Impact of Equity Costs and Environmental Costs on Supply-Side Classified Water Pricing

The classified water pricing system is an effective measure for promoting the rational utilization of water resources under market mechanisms. Studying the water prices of three different types of water sources, including reservoir water, river water, and wastewater treatment plant effluent, is the basis for promoting the use of reclaimed water. However, there remains a spectrum of viewpoints on how to establish a pricing mechanism for reclaimed water at present. This study primarily focuses on the multi-level quality-separated water supply system in Yiwu City, China. It analyzes the limitations of the current water pricing formation mechanism and the externality of integrating reclaimed water into the unified allocation of multiple water sources. Based on the principles of full-cost water pricing and externality theory, a supply-side classified water pricing permit cost and pricing calculation model, covering the entire process of the social water cycle, is proposed. It focuses on the analysis of the impact of equity costs and environmental costs on supply-side classified water pricing. The Shapley value method is used for the technology of cost allocation among stakeholders to reasonably distribute the calculated water pricing of reclaimed water. The price of reclaimed water varies depending on the user type, with residential users paying 2.93 CNY/t, industrial users 4.00 CNY/t, and government allocations at 8.52 CNY/t. Compared with the classified water prices of various stakeholders on the user side of reservoir water, reclaimed water has a significant price advantage. This research demonstrates that the supply-side classified water pricing model, which includes a permit cost and pricing calculation framework, can encourage the supply of higher-quality water at corresponding higher prices, while also providing the internalization of external costs. Furthermore, the Shapley value method of cost allocation can realize the fair burden of stakeholders on the calculated water price and maintain the competitive advantage of reclaimed water prices.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY COMPANIES BY OPTIMISING THE DISTRIBUTION OF COSTS FOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

At present, there is a high emergencies probability in the electric power system as an electrical equipment failures result caused primarily by the objectively existing ageing and its service life significant exhaustion. Emergencies arising from electrical equipment failures lead to the dynamic stability violation of power systems and power system load nodes by voltage, cascading accidents and, as a result, technological processes disruption of consumer enterprises, which is accompanied by significant losses. One of the ways to prevent sudden failures or minimise the risk of their occurrence is to ensure rational and efficient operation management and reduce the operating equipment cost without risking a decrease in the power system reliability. To solve the optimal distribution problems of power company operating costs, taking into account the objectively existing limiting factors, a generalised balance sheet model of cost allocation by electrical equipment groups and units is proposed, which is a total costs function of an operating factors number. Mathematical models for calculating the electrical equipment share participation coefficients in the costs formation for its repair and maintenance for each of the identified factors have been obtained. A linguistic mathematical model for determining generalised estimates of the electrical equipment units and groups significance degree in the repair and maintenance costs distribution formation, taking into account the main operational factors, has been proposed. An algorithm and software for modelling the modes of the electric power system with an electrical connections scheme of electric networks with a 35-330 kV voltage have been developed to assess the operation risk index and power company repair and maintenance costs distribution. The estimated power company repair and maintenance costs distribution according to the current technical equipment characteristics and power system subsystem modes was performed.

Advanced Design Validation Planning Techniques for Commercial Vehicle E-Axles

&lt;div&gt;Design validation plays a crucial role in the overall cost and time allocation for product development. This is especially evident in high-value manufacturing sectors like commercial vehicle electric drive systems or e-axles, where the expenses related to sample procurement, testing complexity, and diverse requirements are significant.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;Validation methodologies are continuously evolving to encompass new technologies, yet they must be rigorously evaluated to identify potential efficiencies and enhance the overall value of validation tests. Simulation tools have made substantial advancements and are now widely utilized in the development phase. The integration of simulation-based or simulation-supported validation processes can streamline testing timelines and sample quantities, all the while upholding quality standards and minimizing risks when compared to traditional methods. This study examines various scenarios where the implementation of advanced techniques has led to a reduction in the e-axle design validation plan (DVP), particularly in relation to the start of production (SOP) decision-making quality gates.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;Many DVPs incorporate tests in a specific order to enhance the validation impact of each sample and to guarantee that preconditioning tests are implemented when necessary. An instance of preconditioning is subjecting a system to thermal cycling. Thermal cycle preconditioning ensures that the sample accurately represents a real-world system when undergoing sealing-related tests, such as ingress protection testing according to ISO 20653 [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Assessing the necessary thermal cycling to “bed-in” a sample would be highly elaborate using a physical sample, but it is a straightforward aspect to extract from modern finite element analysis (FEA). A case study will be presented to evaluate the minimum required thermal cycling and determine the cost savings for the DVP.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;Furthermore, the validation supported by simulations will be showcased in the context of accelerated lifetime testing. Often, accelerating such tests necessitates a balance between the distribution of damages and the overall testing duration. By incorporating safety factors from simulations as an initial input, the distribution of damages can be adjusted to allow for some over-testing on more secure components, thereby reducing the overall testing time.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;Efficiency assessment will additionally be considered for virtual validation due to the complexity of the measurement and data acquisition, contributing to measurement uncertainty. Furthermore, simulation-based validation will be considered for the case of lubrication testing, which can be hampered by a largely qualitative assessment criteria.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;Overall, these scenarios will be evaluated for their potential to streamline the overall DVP process in terms of testing time, sample quantity, and critical path duration. This underscores the potential benefits of leveraging advanced DVP techniques for cost and time savings.&lt;/div&gt;

Source‐storage‐transmission planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation

AbstractFair sharing of carbon responsibility is crucial to achieve the goal of low‐carbon transformation and dual‐carbon power system. In response to the current issue of a certain proportion of joint responsibility between source and load, it does not comply with the principle of “who causes who bears”. This thesis proposes a source storage transport coordinated planning method for allocating carbon responsibility from a planning perspective. Firstly, based on the basic principle of “who causes, who bears”, it classifies and holds accountable various stakeholders, establishes reasonable and fair allocation principles including reward and punishment indicators, and a dual carbon responsibility cost allocation rule for electricity balance and power balance in the power system; Secondly, based on the previous works, a source storage network joint planning model which comprehensively considers the investment cost of conventional thermal power installation, energy storage investment, wind abandonment penalty cost, transmission line expansion cost, and carbon emission responsibility cost is constructed. Finally, taking the Garver‐6 node system as an example, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method were verified by comparing it with the source storage and transportation planning method that does not consider carbon responsibility allocation.

Enterprise Intelligent Transformation and Earnings Management

The integration of a new generation of intelligent technology and manufacturing is profoundly changing the development model of manufacturing. Based on the sample of all A-share listed companies from 2003 to 2021, this paper examines the impact of intelligent transformation of enterprises on earnings management. The findings indicate a clear correlation between the intelligent transformation of enterprises and a notable decrease in earnings manipulation; The important ways that the intelligent transformation of enterprises affects earnings management are agency cost, media attention, and labor allocation ratio. The development level of the digital economy and the modernization level of the industrial chain play significant regulating roles between them. The influence of intelligent transformation on earnings management has the property of equity and regional heterogeneity. This paper inspires the reduction of risks in the process of intelligent transformation and the improvement of the internal governance system of enterprises. It also provides a new idea for studying the factors influencing earnings management.

Activity-Based Costing (ABC) as a system for achieving accuracy in measuring and allocating indirect costs: a field study in Algeria

A wave of criticism has swept over traditional managerial accounting within the administrative and accounting fields due to developments in the industrial and technological environment, highlighting the need to establish the foundations of modern managerial accounting. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) emerged to address the shortcomings identified in traditional methods and to keep pace with changes within organizations, including their size, structure, and competitiveness. This study focuses on the effectiveness of ABC in allocating indirect costs to products and services. We developed a questionnaire to gather the opinions of the study sample on the availability of an appropriate environment for implementing this system and its impact on the accuracy of measuring and allocating indirect costs in Algerian economic institutions. Through this study, it was concluded that Algerian economic institutions have the most important components to adopt the application of cost accounting based on ABC activities within them, and its application affects the achievement of accurate measurement and appropriate allocation of indirect costs, which was confirmed by the members of the study sample through the answers obtained.

Staffing situation and basics requirement calculations in the inpatient and outpatient sector in Germany - a representative survey by the Working Group of Senior Gastroenterology Hospital Physicians (ALGK)

In Germany, there are no uniform hospital standards for the transparent calculation of medical staffing requirements in hospitals. This is particularly true for outpatient services.The ALGK conducted a member survey via the link https://de.surveymonkey.com/r/H7TTJYZ from March 21 to May 1, 2024. 400 members with a valid email address were contacted. The 119 extraordinary members who had ended their professional activity were not included. 17 questions were asked in the survey.The response rate was 24%. 37% represented basic and standard, 47% specialized and 16% maximum care providers. Municipal hospitals were represented by 42%, denominational providers by 34% and private providers by 24%. 7% of the hospitals had fewer than 200 beds, 28% 200 to 400 beds, 37% 400 to 600 beds, 15% 600 to 800 beds and 13% more than 800 beds. Up to 1.500 patients were treated annually in 15%, up to 2.500 patients in 15%, each up to 3.000 or 4.000 patient in 22%s, up to 5,000 patientsin 16% and more than 5.000 patients per year in 12%. The average casemix was 2373 ± 999 and the casemix index 0.70 ± 0.11. On average, 17.6 ± 7.6 doctor's posts were available and one consultant treated 14 ± 2.7 patients per day. A transparent personnel calculation was not available in 56% of the departments or clinics, in 82% there was no internal cost allocation or cost recovery calculation, in 54% there was no internal cost allocation. In 54%, there was no feedback on outpatient services from the administration, in 93% there was no transparent calculation of physician positions based on outpatient services, in 97% the training and further training of young colleagues was not taken into account in the calculation of positions, in 75% there was no communicated and recognizable strategic plan by the hospital operator for the senior gastroenterologists with regard to outpatient services. 49% of those surveyed feared that their hospital operator would not be able to cope with the restructuring in the healthcare sector with outpatient services, centralization, minimum volume compliance and would even jeopardize its existence.Transparent job calculation and communication about inpatient and outpatient gastroenterology services and the strategic objectives of the healthcare structural reform are very patchy in German hospitals. This leads to a high degree of uncertainty and existential fears.

Transmission benefits and cost allocation under ambiguity

Disputes over cost allocation can present a significant barrier to investment in shared infrastructure. While it may be desirable to allocate cost in a way that corresponds to expected benefits, investments in long-lived projects are made under conditions of substantial uncertainty. In the context of electricity transmission, uncertainty combined with the inherent complexity of power systems analysis prevents the calculation of an estimated distribution of benefits that is agreeable to all participants. To analyze aspects of the cost allocation problem, we construct a model for transmission and generation expansion planning under uncertainty, enabling the identification of transmission investments as well as the calculation of benefits for users of the network. Numerical tests confirm the potential for realized benefits at the participant level to differ significantly from ex ante estimates. Based on the model and numerical tests we discuss several issues, including (1) establishing a valid counterfactual against which to measure benefits, (2) allocating cost to new and incumbent generators vs. solely allocating to loads, (3) calculating benefits at the portfolio vs. the individual project level, (4) identifying losers in a surplus-enhancing transmission expansion, and (5) quantifying the divergence between cost allocation decisions made ex ante and benefits realized ex post.

PENGARUH PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA TERHADAP PEKERJAAN PLESTERAN (Studi Kasus : Proyek Pembangunan Masjid Babbusalam Sabil Barakah)

A project is a temporary activity that has clear goals and objectives, lasts for a limited period of time, with a certain cost allocation. This research was conducted to find out how much labor productivity there is in plastering work on the Babbusalam Sabil Barakah Mosque construction project and what factors influence the productivity of plastering work on the Babbusalam Sabil Barakah Mosque construction project. The research was conducted by observing the productivity level of 32 workers and accompanied by filling out a questionnaire. Productivity observations used the work sampling method by calculating worker utility factors which were carried out for 3 days for each worker. The average value of the worker productivity utility factor in plastering work on the Babbusalam Sabil Barakah Mosque construction project is 89.57%. The variables that have been determined have a significance of 0.000&lt;0.005 (the required sig) so that they simultaneously have an influence on the level of productivity. Partially, 9 factors that influence the productivity variable have a calculated T value for each variable that exceeds the T table value of 2.074.

Analisis Biaya Produksi dan Harga Pokok Penjualan pada Pabrik Sari Gurih Baru 568

This study aims to analyze the cost structure of production and the cost of goods sold (COGS) at Sari Gurih Baru 568 Tofu Factory. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, gathering data through in-depth interviews and non-participant observation. Using this approach, the study explores cost components that influence production efficiency and COGS determination. Through this analysis, the research provides in-depth insights into cost allocation, resource management, and opportunities to enhance cost-efficiency in production. The findings are expected to support improved decision-making in cost management and pricing strategies within the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) sector.

Decision-Making Model for Life Cycle Management of Aircraft Components

This paper presents a novel decision-making framework for the life cycle management of aircraft components, integrating advanced data analytics, artificial intelligence, and predictive maintenance strategies. The proposed model addresses the challenges of balancing safety, reliability, and cost-effectiveness in aircraft maintenance. By using real-time health monitoring systems, failure probability models, and economic analysis, the framework enables more informed and dynamic maintenance strategies. The model incorporates a comprehensive approach that combines reliability assessment, economic analysis, and continuous re-evaluation to optimize maintenance, replacement, and life extension decisions. The optimization method on the base of genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to minimize total life cycle costs while maintaining component reliability within acceptable thresholds. The framework’s effectiveness is demonstrated through case studies on three distinct aircraft components: mechanical, avionics, and engine. These studies showcase the model’s versatility in handling different failure patterns and maintenance requirements. This study introduces a data-driven decision-making framework for optimizing the life cycle management of aircraft components, focusing on reliability, cost-effectiveness, and safety. To achieve optimal maintenance scheduling and resource allocation, a GA is employed, allowing for an effective exploration of complex solution spaces and enabling dynamic decision-making based on real-time data inputs. The GA-based optimization approach minimizes total life cycle costs while maintaining component reliability, with the framework’s effectiveness demonstrated through case studies on key aircraft components. Key findings from the case study demonstrate significant cost reductions through optimization, with mechanical components showing a 10% more reduction in total life cycle costs, avionics components achieving a 14% more cost reduction, and engine components demonstrating a 7% more decrease in total costs. The research also presents an optimized dynamic maintenance schedule that adapts to real-time component health data, extending component lifespans and reducing unexpected failures. The framework effectively addresses key industry challenges such as no fault found events while minimizing unexpected failures and enhancing the overall reliability and safety of aircraft maintenance practices. Sensitivity analysis further demonstrates the model’s robustness, showing stable performance under varying failure rates, maintenance costs, and degradation rates. The study contributes a scalable approach to predictive maintenance, balancing safety, cost, and resource allocation in dynamic operational environments.

Tricky choices between short or long-term financial sustainability: cost allocation for medical malpractice claims in Italy

Tricky choices between short or long-term financial sustainability: cost allocation for medical malpractice claims in Italy