This article is a critical exploration of the contradictions and weaknesses of the political model of multiculturalism in Costa Rica. A core issue in the debate is the monocultural character of the state: the underlying articulations of multicultural policies address exclusively indigenous peoples, in spite of the presence of other ethnocultural minorities in the country. After examining some of the most significant laws and policies on indigenous peoples, I argue that the acceptance and recognition of cultural diversity has been superficial, and consequently, insufficient to overcome structural barriers that still disadvantage indigenous peoples in Costa Rica today. By adopting a multicultural discourse, the Costa Rican state has officially harmonized its domestic legislation with international standards without substantially confronting its monist structure, legal system and sovereignty.