Costa Lima Research Articles

Compositionality as Creative Identity Building

In this paper, we examine the concept of Compositionality, proposed by Brazilian composer and scholar Paulo Costa Lima, from the interpenetration of five vectors: inseparability, creation of worlds, criticality, reciprocity and compositional processes. Three of these vectors will be compared with the Theory of Compositional Systems in an attempt to demonstrate that the inseparable flow between theory and practice is essential for the developing of a compositional process that comes with the creation of worlds. The systemic modeling of excerpts of Ponteio Op. 35, by Paulo Costa Lima, will be used as a case study for the compositional planning of a small fragment for flute, clarinet, and bassoon.

Influence of Moonlight On Light-Emitting Diode Trap Catches of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)1

The influence of moonlight on light-emitting diode (LED) trap catches of sand flies was evaluated compared with incandescent lamps used in standard CDC-type light traps. A total of six Hoover Pugedo (HP) CDC-type light traps were used for sampling sand flies in a randomized 3×3 Latin Square design. Light traps were set during full and new moon periods from July to September, 2015 and from February to March, 2016. Four of the six light traps had their incandescent lamps replaced by LEDs. The green (520 nm) and the blue LEDs (470 nm) were the 5 mm LED lamps used in the experiments. The two remaining HP light traps without modifications were used as controls. A total of 2,968 specimens representing 13 species were analyzed. The most frequently-encountered species were: Evandromyia evandroi Costa Lima & Antunes, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) and Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho). Generally, catch declined with increasing moonlight. The number of specimens was greater on new moon nights, whatever the light source used. Even with the decrease of the attractiveness of light traps under the full moon, LEDs are less affected than incandescent lights by the competitive effect of moonlight.

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Developmental biology and functional responses of Leucochrysa (Nodita) azevedoi fed with different prey

ABSTRACTChrysopids (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) are generalist predators that have application in the biological control of a range of open-field and greenhouse pests. We have investigated the biology of Leucochrysa (Nodita) azevedoi fed with nymphs and adults of Brevicoryne brassicae L. and Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy 1907) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and eggs, nymphs and pupae of Aleurocanthus woglumi (Ashby) and Aleurodicus magnificus (Costa Lima 1928) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and established the predatory capacity of the chrysopid by determining its functional responses towards the two aphid species. Development of predators fed with A. magnificus was impeded at the third instar, demonstrating that this prey was nutritionally unsuitable for the chrysopid. The duration of the larva-adult cycle of L. (N.) azevedoi fed with T. citricida, A.woglumi or Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (as control) was 34 days, a value that was significantly shorter than that of predators fed with B. brassicae (37.7 days; P < 0.0001). The survivorship of the immature stages of L. (N.) azevedoi were generally 100%, but fell to 88% when larvae were fed with B. brassicae. The predator exhibited type II functional response curves to increased densities of B. brassicae and T. citricida. Third instar larvae displayed superior predatory ability compared with their second instar counterparts as shown by their higher search rates and shorter handling times. It is concluded that B. brassicae, T. citricida and A. woglumi provide suitable diets for L. (N.) azevedoi, suggesting that the predator has potential for the biological control of these pests.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Sand Flies of the Chagasi Series, Psychodopygus (Diptera: Psychodidae) Genus, Focusing on the Genitalia.

Males of cryptic or closely related species present great morphological variation in their genitalia, whereas females, such as those of the Chagasi Series of the Psychodopygus Mangabeira, 1941 genus, are more similar. Therefore, our aim was to study the fine structure of the male genitalia of five species of the Chagasi Series to better understand the variation in their morphology and its influence on the copulatory process. The sand fly species were captured in the following Brazilian states: Psychodopygus chagasi (Costa Lima, 1941) (Rondônia), Psychodopygus complexus (Mangabeira, 1941) (Tocantins), Psychodopygus squamiventris maripaensis (Floch & Abonnenc, 1946) (Amapá), Psychodopygus squamiventris squamiventris (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Amazonas), and Psychodopygus wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson, 1971 (Pará and Ceará). Insects were stored in ethanol 70% (then dehydrated) and dry after they were sputtered with gold. The samples were observed under a scanning electron microscope. Microtrichiae, two types of trichoid sensilla, coeloconic and chaetic sensillae, were observed on the antenna of all species, with no difference between them. Only on the anepimeron of P. squamiventris squamiventris a modified 'racket'-like scale was observed. As for the male genitalia, the setae and structures of each species were fully described, such as the small setae on the paramere apex of the P. squamiventris subspecies, and the grooves present in this region and on the paramere lobe of P. complexus and P. wellcomei, which are impossible to observe with optic microscopy. New information is thus provided on the male genitalia, which can contribute to future bionomic studies of these species.

The identity of some specimens previously (mis)identified as Rhinoleucophenga obesa (Loew) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil, based on morphological and molecular data, with implications on distribution.

Rhinoleucophenga Hendel is an endemic genus of the New World with most species recorded in Brazil. Rhinoleucophenga obesa (Loew) seemed to be the most widespread species, being recorded in the United States of America, Mexico and Brazil. In the Neotropical region, identifications of R. obesa were commonly based on the description of non-type specimens determined by Costa Lima (1935) and Malogolowkin (1946), although their identities were doubtful. However, the recent redescription of R. obesa from the type-series from Texas, USA, confirmed a long period of misidentifications and a new species, R. cantareira Vilela Bächli, was proposed based on Brazilian specimens. Thus, review of morphological and molecular traits of specimens previously identified as R. obesa in Neotropical biomes are necessary to check the identity and distribution of a group of sibling species: R. obesa, R. cantareira, R. gigantea (Thomson), R. pallida Hendel and R. pampeana Poppe et al. In the present paper, specimens previously determined as R. obesa, sampled in different Brazilian localities, were compared by morphological and molecular traits. Plates of female terminalia of R. cantareira and R. gigantea are presented for the first time. The spermathecal capsules (as well as the male epandrium) revealed useful characteristics to differentiate those species; these morphological differences were corroborated by a sequence fragment of COI. The specimens on which were based the descriptions of Rhinoleucophenga obesa sensu Costa Lima (1935) and sensu Malogolowkin (1946) were reviewed and confirmed as R. cantareira. Other Brazilian specimens from different localities, previously misidentified as R. obesa, were determined as R. gigantea or R. cantareira, with new records for both species. Therefore, the present study corresponds to the advance of identity definition and distribution of sibling species of Rhinoleucophenga commonly sampled in Neotropical inventory studies.

Temporal Variation in Species Abundance and Richness of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in a Tropical Equatorial Area.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether temperature, rainfall, and humidity influence the annual distribution of Culicoides Latreille 1809, species abundance and richness in rural areas on São Luís Island in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Biting midges were collected in housing for domestic animals in the peridomestic areas of 10 homes. A CDC light trap was installed in each peridomestic area from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. once a month for 12 mo. In total, 23,633 individuals belonging to 26 Culicoides species were captured. The most abundant species were Culicoides diabolicus Hoffman, 1925 (27.43%), C. ignacioi Forattini, 1957 (25.9%), C. flavivenulus Costa Lima, 1937 (15.53%), C. insignis Lutz, 1913 (10.66%), C. filariferus Hoffman, 1939 (6.21%), C. boliviensis Spinelli & Wirth, 1984 (6.07%), C. foxi Ortíz, 1950 (2.83%), and C. leopoldoi Ortíz, 1951 (2.54%). Species richness and abundance were greater during the rainy season (24 species; 88% of the individuals) than during the dry season (18 species; 12% of individuals). However, persistent rain on the days the midges were collected or in the preceding 24 h adversely affected abundance. Mean monthly maximum temperature and rainfall on the day of the collection adversely affected Culicoides abundance and richness.

Professor José Luís Costa Lima, with an extensive and prestigious academic career, collaborated and continues to collaborate with many Brazilian research groups

Professor José Luís Costa Lima, with an extensive and prestigious academic career, collaborated and continues to collaborate with many Brazilian research groups

Molecular detection of Leishmania spp in Lutzomyia longipalpis in the city of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects a large part of the world population. Knowing the sand fly fauna of a region is of fundamental importance for guiding health surveillance actions related to the prevention and control of leishmaniasis. A total of 86 specimens of sand flies (60 females and 26 males) were collected. Using the classification proposed by Galati (2003), the following species were identified: Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912), Migonemyia migonei (França, 1920), Evandromyia cortelezzi (Brethes, 1923), Ev. sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho, 1939), Nyssomyia whitmani (Atunes & Coutinho, 1939), Psathyromyia lutziana (Costa Lima, 1932), Ev. lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), Brumptomyia sp. (França and Parrot, 1921), and Pressatia sp. (Mangabeira, 1942). Using PCR with internal transcribed spacer target to identify infected sand flies, five Lu. longipalpis females were infected with Leishmania spp. Despite the small number of specimens collected, considerable species diversity was found in the study area.

A new species of Plaumanniola Costa Lima in French Guiana (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae).

The genus Plaumanniola Costa Lima, 1962 was a subject of several taxonomical and morphological studies. It is one of very few scydmaenines originally placed not only in a different beetle family, but even a superfamily. The first species of Plaumanniola, P. sanctaecatharinae Costa Lima, 1962 was confused with myrmecophilous spider beetles and placed in a new subfamily Plaumanniolinae of Ptinidae. Transferred to Scydmaenidae by Lawrence Reichardt (1966), it remained placed as a separate subfamily, and after merging the ant-like stone beetles with Staphylinidae, as a tribe Plaumanniolini of Scydmaenitae (Newton Franz 1998; Grebennikov Newton 2009). Franz (1990) redescribed P. sanctaecatharinae, but Jałoszyński (2013) found his redescription to have been based on a misidentified new species, which he described as P. regina Jałoszyński, 2013. The latter author illustrated previously unknown morphological structures, redefined Plaumanniola and discussed its possible close affinities with Glandulariini (Jałoszyński 2013). The unusually stout and flattened body, with especially flat and broad head (interpreted as possible adaptations towards myrmecophily, e.g., Lenko (1972)), differentiated Plaumanniolini from all other Scydmaeninae, but no other characters were found to support a separate position of this monogeneric tribe. Shortly later, a relatively slender P. simplicissima Jałoszyński, 2014 was described on the basis of material collected in Bolivia. Finally, a discovery made by Jałoszyński (2016) that Euconnus octosetosus Franz, 1994, was in fact a strikingly slender member of Plaumanniola, and that the aedeagus of Plaumanniola highly resembles that of Euconnus (Rhomboconnus Franz, 1986), lead to placing Plaumanniolini as a junior synonym of Glandulariini. It is possible that in future Plaumanniola will be reduced to a subgenus of Euconnus.

A taxonomic review of the parasitoid wasp genera Furcidentia Zettel and Pseudophanerotoma Zettel (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae) from the Neotropics with the description of four new species.

Furcidentia Zettel, 1990 (Braconidae: Cheloninae) from the New World has been recently recognised as a genus separate from Pseudophanerotoma Zettel, 1990. Previously known from three species, three additional new species of Furcidentia are described here from the Neotropical region: F. jenningsi sp. nov. (French Guiana), F. llama sp. nov. (Guatemala), and F. tikalensis sp. nov. (Guatemala). The species F. clypeata Zettel (Ecuador) comb. nov., F. pulchra Zettel (Costa Rica) comb. nov., and F. sharkeyi Zettel (Ecuador) comb. nov. are transferred to Furcidentia. Additionally, one new species of Pseudophanerotoma is described: P. austini sp. nov. (Guatemala), while P. paranaensis (Costa Lima) (Brazil) and P. thapsina (Walley) (Texas, USA) are redescribed and are here recorded from French Guiana for the first time, thus considerably expanding their known distribution. Redescriptions include the description of the male of P. thapsina (Walley) for the first time and of the female of P. paranaensis (Costa Lima). Identification keys to the Neotropical genera of Phanerotomini and the species of Furcidentia and Pseudophanerotoma are provided.

A crítica jesuíta à Escola Nova na Revista Brotéria (décadas de 1930 e 1940)

This article intends to analyze the criticism of the Portuguese Jesuit pedagogues published in two dozen articles in the Broteria Journal in the 1930s and 1940s. The New School Movement was observed by pedagogues and philosophers of the education of the Society of Jesus, namely Paulo Durao, Jose Gomes Braz, and Costa Lima, who studied the theory and the presuppositions of this pedagogical movement valuing the aspects that coincided with the values of the Ignatian pedagogy and criticizing options and pedagogical practices opposed to the educational principles of Catholic doctrine then present. Their religious neutrality and appropriation of “secular associations” were supposed to be ideologically instrumentalizing this educational movement in order to distance themselves from, or even oppose themselves, the so-called Catholic-inspired education. We try to reflect critically on the evolution of the Jesuit thought expressed in Broteria Journal regarding the diffusion of the New School in Portugal in the context of the New State and to emphasize the attempt of dialogue between Jesuit pedagogical article writers and this movement that contributes to diversify the ideologies and pedagogical methodologies implemented in the country.Keywords: New School, Jesuits, Catholicism.

A crítica jesuíta à Escola Nova na Revista Brotéria (décadas de 1930 e 1940)

This article intends to analyze the criticism of the Portuguese Jesuit pedagogues published in two dozen articles in the Broteria Journal in the 1930s and 1940s. The New School Movement was observed by pedagogues and philosophers of the education of the Society of Jesus, namely Paulo Durao, Jose Gomes Braz, and Costa Lima, who studied the theory and the presuppositions of this pedagogical movement valuing the aspects that coincided with the values of the Ignatian pedagogy and criticizing options and pedagogical practices opposed to the educational principles of Catholic doctrine then present. Their religious neutrality and appropriation of “secular associations” were supposed to be ideologically instrumentalizing this educational movement in order to distance themselves from, or even oppose themselves, the so-called Catholic-inspired education. We try to reflect critically on the evolution of the Jesuit thought expressed in Broteria Journal regarding the diffusion of the New School in Portugal in the context of the New State and to emphasize the attempt of dialogue between Jesuit pedagogical article writers and this movement that contributes to diversify the ideologies and pedagogical methodologies implemented in the country.Keywords: New School, Jesuits, Catholicism.

Biological control of the South American rice water weevil, Oryzophagus oryzae, using light traps with Beauveria bassiana in irrigated rice field

O gorgulho aquático, Oryzophagus oryzae (Costa Lima), é praga importante nas lavouras de arroz irrigado. Suas larvas, conhecidas por bicheira-da-raiz, danificam o sistema radicular das plantas. A prática do controle biológico desse inseto precisa ser aprimorada. Assim, foi conduzida uma pesquisa objetivando verificar as taxas de mortalidade de O. oryzae, infectados por Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. em armadilhas luminosas, instaladas em lavoura de arroz irrigado. Duas armadilhas receberam aparato de contaminação fúngica, com massa de B. bassiana, preparada em arroz autoclavado. Uma terceira armadilha ficou isenta, como testemunha. Insetos capturados de outubro de 2013 a março de 2014 foram mantidos em laboratório para a verificação de mortalidade e infecção fúngica, caracterizada pelo crescimento micelial nas articulações. A mortalidade dos indivíduos artificialmente contaminados foi de 73,1%, enquanto que na testemunha foi de 0,8% (infecção natural). Armadilhas luminosas com aparato de contaminação fúngica foram eficazes no controle biológico de adultos de O. oryzae.

Attractiveness of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of different wavelengths to the South American rice water weevil

ABSTRACT: The South American rice water weevil Oryzophagus oryzae (Costa Lima) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a key pest of irrigated rice in Brazil. Light traps could be used as an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy since these weevils have strong phototropism. Thus, the aim of this study was to search the attractiveness of LEDs of different wavelengths to O. oryzae to define the best light-emitting diodes (LED) arrangement to build the lamp of photovoltaic light traps. LEDs of different wavelengths were tested in a dark room with a hexagonal arena with exits to light sources. Groups of 200 insects were released in the center of the arena and captured at the end of exposure time in plastic bags placed in the exits. The LEDs in the short-wave band of the light spectrum (365 and 460 nm) and white LEDs, as well as the light mix of 365 with 460 nm or white LEDs, were attractive to O. oryzae. Beyond the LEDs with ultraviolet (UV) spectrum, the LEDs above 380 nm were the most attractive and, this way, might be used to build LED lamps of photovoltaic light traps.

Redescription of Sibling Species of Rhinoleucophenga (Diptera: Drosophilidae): R. brasiliensis and R. fluminensis.

Rhinoleucophenga Hendel comprises an unusual Drosophilidae (Diptera) genus with predaceous larvae, currently compounded by 29 nominal species with New World distribution. In the present study, Rhinoleucophenga brasiliensis (Costa Lima) and R. fluminensis (Costa Lima) are redescribed. These two species are commonly misidentified in Drosophilidae species inventories, mainly by the few morphological character details presented in the original taxonomic description. Thus, by the morphological review performed here, lectotype and paralectotypes designed to R. brasiliensis and R. fluminensis, as well as new morphological characters, drawings and photos (for the first time) are presented in order to avoid further taxonomic mistakes with those referred sibling species of Rhinoleucophenga.

DNA Barcoding Reveals Hidden Diversity of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) at Fine and Broad Spatial Scales in Brazilian Endemic Regions for Leishmaniasis.

Sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) taxonomy is complex and time-consuming, which hampers epidemiological efforts directed toward controlling leishmaniasis in endemic regions such as northeastern Brazil. Here, we used a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene to identify sand fly species in Maranhão State (northeastern Brazil) and to assess cryptic diversity occurring at different spatial scales. For this, we obtained 148 COI sequences of 15 sand fly species (10 genera) from Maranhão (fine spatial scale), and joined them to COI sequences from other Brazilian localities (distant about 2,000 km from Maranhão, broad spatial scale) available in GenBank. We revealed cases of cryptic diversity in sand flies both at fine (Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva) and Evandromyia termitophila (Martins, Falcão and Silva)) and broad spatial scales (Migonemyia migonei (França), Pressatia choti (Floch and Abonnenc), Psychodopygus davisi (Root), Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon and Del Ponte), and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira)). We argue that in the case of Bi. flaviscutellata, the cryptic diversity is associated with a putative new species. Cases in which DNA taxonomy was not as effective as morphological identification possibly involved recent speciation and/or introgressive hybridization, highlighting the need for integrative approaches to identify some sand fly species. Finally, we provide the first barcode sequences for four species (Brumptomyia avellari (Costa Lima), Evandromyia infraspinosa (Mangabeira), Evandromyia evandroi (Costa Lima and Antunes), and Psychodopygus complexus (Mangabeira)), which will be useful for further molecular identification of neotropical species.

Molecular Identification of Leishmania spp. in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil.

Sand flies are very common in the region of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an important tourist attraction in Brazil. However, the role of some species and their relative importance locally in Leishmania Ross 1903 transmission is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify Leishmania infection in phlebotomine sand flies collected around the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an important conservation area and popular international/national tourist destination with a high incidence of leishmaniasis. Sand flies were collected in peridomiciliary areas on the tourist route from September 2012 to August 2013. The captured females were subjected to molecular analyses for the detection of Leishmania DNA. Sand flies were infected with four Leishmania species: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Vianna, 1911) was found in Lutzomyia whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho, 1939) (2.1%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva, 1912) (1.7%); Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (Nicole, 1908) infected Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw, and Lainson, 1971) (20%), Lutzomyia sordellii (Shannon and Del Ponte, 1927) (4.3%), Lu. longipalpis (3.7%), and Lu. whitmani (0.8%); Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (Lainson & Shaw, 1972) was found in Lu. whitmani (0.58%), while Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni infected Lutzomyia evandroi (Costa Lima and Antunes, 1936) (3.4%), Lu. longipalpis (1.06%), and Lu. whitmani (0.29%). The occurrence of these parasites requires control measures to reduce the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis and to contain a possible epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form of the disease.

The effect of luminous intensity on the attraction of phlebotomine sand flies to light traps.

To improve the efficiency of light traps in collecting phlebotomine sand flies, the potential effects of luminous intensity on the attraction of these insects to traps were evaluated. Sand flies were collected with Hooper Pugedo (HP) light traps fitted with 5-mm light-emitting diodes (LED) bulbs: green (520 nm wavelength-10,000, 15,000 and 20,000 millicandela (mcd) and blue (470 nm-4,000, 12,000 and 15,000 mcd). A total of 3,264 sand flies comprising 13 species were collected. The collected species were Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (52.48%), Evandromyia evandroi (Costa Lima & Antunes, 1939) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (32.90%) and Micropygomyia goiana (Martins, Falcão, & Silva) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (9.76%). An increase in luminous intensity of the LEDs increased the size of the sand fly catch. The lower luminous intensity of green (10,000 mcd) attracted an average of 13.7 ± 2.8 sand flies/trap per night and the other luminous intensities accounted for a mean of 24.1 ± 4.0 (15,000 mcd) and 28.2 ± 5.0 (20,000 mcd) sand flies/trap per night. Regarding the blue wavelength, the lower luminous intensity (4,000 mcd) attracted an average of 27.4 ± 4.1 sand flies/trap per night, followed by 12,000 mcd (37.6 ± 8.7) and 15,000 mcd (40.5 ± 7.3). Based on our data, the luminous intensity of light traps should be considered when developing light traps for monitoring or controlling phlebotomine sand flies.

Phlebotomine fauna (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Rio Preto State Park, Southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil

ABSTRACTA study of the phlebotomine sand fly fauna was carried out in the Rio Preto State Park (Minas Gerais, Brazil) aiming to associate the presence of vector species with the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in that region. Sand flies were captured using HP light traps for four months from January to October 2013. The traps were exposed continuously for 40 h each month, in nine fixed sites. A total of 3129 sand flies were captured, belonging to 19 species. Lutzomyia evandroi (Costa Lima & Antunes 1936) was the predominant species (76.48%). The distribution of the phlebotomine sand flies and climatic factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) was evaluated. The summer was the season with higher occurrence of insects captured (82.4%). The presence of cutaneous and visceral vector species in park areas requires attention and regular monitoring of sand fly fauna in this conservation area to ensure the well-being of visitors and the regional ecotourism.