For a long time, the technical reform of the power grid has improved or updated the existing power grid facilities to achieve the effect of low-cost and improved grid operation efficiency. In recent years, the development of power grid has entered to a high-quality development stage, the technical reform of the power grid has been continuously improved. In the actual compilation, the grid technical reform plan usually uses historical data for qualitative analysis, which lacks quantitative optimization analysis considering power constraints and improvement indicators. Based on the power grid planning mathematical optimization model, this paper establishes a technical reform optimization model that comprehensively considers the power grid technical reform planning cost and load shedding cost, and uses the improved IEEE 30-node example to verify the model. The verification results show that the model can obtain the optimization of the technical reform route planning and can effectively guide the preparation of power grid technical reform planning, which has practical significance.