Costs Of Deforestation Research Articles

No Escape from the Heat: The Cost of Deforestation on Human and Animal Health

No Escape from the Heat: The Cost of Deforestation on Human and Animal Health

Human population induced urban developments and their effects on temperature rise: a nonlinear mathematical model

Excessive infrastructural developments, driven by urbanization, have not only brought destruction of forests, but also exacerbated the temperature of cities (or towns) due to formation of urban heat islands. Keeping such an urban system in mind, a nonlinear dynamical model is formulated in the proposed work in terms of system of differential equations. The model, comprising of forest resources, human population, urban infrastructural developments and temperature as system variables, is formulated on the assumption that infrastructural developments, induced through human population, escalate temperature of the region at the cost of deforestation. The derived model is mathematically analyzed for qualitative properties of its equilibrium solutions, extending from their existences to stabilities. Further, to demonstrate the impact of parametric variations on dynamical behavior, the system is also investigated for transcritical and Hopf - bifurcations. Quantitative analysis is also being executed with available numerical data to substantiate qualitative findings and to determine sensitiveness of equilibrium values of model outcomes towards system parameters. The results reveal that any of the parameters, which directly or indirectly, responsible for escalation in temperature of the region can put the system in a state of periodic oscillations, arises through Hopf - bifurcation. Therefore, it is suggested to control urban infrastructural developments through implementation of government strategies, which should include check over illegal encroachment of forested land for infrastructural developments.

Plantation: An Effective Weapon to Protect Our Globe from the Challenges of Deforestation

Since the dawn of civilization, man was bushman and troglodyte. Gradually, his perception and intellect change him to a perfect human being, perfect in the sense of living in palatial building and enjoying a happy, prosperous life. But all these are possible only with the cost of deforestation that man often does in pursuit of money and material. Man's money - making propensity compels him to destroy forest that not only provides shadow, fruit and flower but also purifies polluted air. In spite of having the declaration of 33 percent reservation of forest, we fail to keep our promise and continue to destroy forest, and consequently, not only air is polluted, but also soil becomes barren. Thus, we become the fatal receivers of flood, draught, global warming, scarcity of rain, lacking of flood, irregular supply of wood and thousand other problems. To avoid such calamity, we need to tend towards massive plantation. The present paper will throw light on the dangers of deforestation and trace the ways through which such dangers can be minimized by effective plantation.

Land-Use Conflict in the Gran Chaco: Finding Common Ground through Use of the Q Method

In a world characterized by ongoing overexploitation of finite resources—such as land and forests—stakeholder conflicts over use of remaining resources occur frequently and are likely to intensify. There is increasing awareness of the need to better understand individual stakeholders’ perspectives, which often condition behavior, in order to address conflicts and inform wider policymaking. We used the Q method to capture the perspectives of diverse stakeholders and highlight consensus and distinguishing statements. Our results bring to the fore three main perspectives on deforestation (development, family agriculture, and subsistence) and several points of agreement and disagreement. The strongest disagreement concerns the benefits and costs of deforestation: the development perspective portrays benefits as mutual and costs as marginal, whereas the family agriculture and subsistence perspectives associate no benefits and extreme costs with deforestation—including loss of livelihoods and culture. Nevertheless, stakeholder consensus emerges on other points—especially the need for participatory long-term strategies of land use. This paper shows how the Q method can be applied to better understand land-use conflicts.

Does amazonian land use display market failure? An opportunity-cost approach to the analysis of amazonian environmental services

The article discusses whether deforestation in the Amazonian region should be considered a typical case of market failure and computes the opportunity cost of economic activities that promote deforestation relative to uses that keep the forest intact. For environmental resources threatened by Amazon deforestation, forms of productive land use (“opportunity” uses) are considered in terms of the net benefit values of primary land-based activities. The accounting exercise conducted in this study calculates the net benefit per hectare obtained from the direct use value (DUV) for different land use alternatives (timber, non-timber, livestock and agriculture); the indirect use value (IUV) related to carbon storage; and the non-use value (NUV) (existence value). The results show that the opportunity cost of deforestation in 2009 was positive for the most common land use, livestock activity. Such findings indicate a market failure. Nonetheless, this is not the only possible outcome when considering alternative land uses.

Analisis Perkiraan Biaya Ekonomi Deforestasi Di Kalimantan Barat

Almost all forest areas in the districts / cities in West Kalimantan experience reduced area. Reducing the area of forest area or deforestation can, of course, have a detrimental impact on the environment which in turn can disrupt the sustainability of development itself. Deforestation has ecological, economic and social impacts. The higher the rate of deforestation, it will cause the potential impact will also increase. West Kalimantan experienced a fairly high level of deforestation. This gives an indication that the impact caused by deforestation in West Kalimantan has a relatively high potential. In other words, deforestation causes losses including economic losses. Related to this, the research question is how much economic value is the loss caused by deforestation in West Kalimantan? This research has 2 (two) objectives: first, calculating the economic costs of deforestation in West Kalimantan during the period 2009-2015, and second, analyzing the effect of the economic costs of deforestation on West Kalimantan's GDP during the period 2009-2015. Based on the data base for the period 2009 to 2015 and using the benefit transfer technique, this research has found that the highest economic losses occur in the secondary production forest and the lowest in the conservation forest area. Furthermore, during the period 2009 to 2015, this study has found that the highest economic loss value occurred in 2013 and the lowest occurred in 2011. Overall, the value of economic losses in the form of a combination of depletion and degradation provides a less significant reduction on the value of the forestry sub-sector GRDP in West Kalimantan.

Benefits and costs of deforestation by smallholders: Implications for forest conservation and climate policy

Deforestation is a leading cause of biodiversity loss and an important source of global carbon emissions. This means that there are important synergies between climate policy and conservation policy. The highest rates of deforestation occur in tropical countries, where much of the land at the forest frontier is managed informally by smallholders and where governance systems tend to be weak. These features must be considered when designing policies to reduce emissions from deforestation such as REDD+. Deforestation is often accompanied by fires that release large amounts of carbon dioxide. These emissions are especially high in the case of peatlands which contain thick layers of carbon-rich matter. In this paper we derive marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves using data from a farmer survey in Sumatra, where rates of peatland deforestation are high. Comparing these results with farmers' stated willingness to accept payment not to clear forest to establish oil palm suggests that REDD+ policies may be more expensive than MAC estimates suggest The extent to which this is true depends on the types of soils being deforested.

Colonialismo Carbônico na Amazônia?

Processos inter-regionais de significância global envolvendo desflorestamentocausado por camponeses de frentes de expansão da Amazônia são apresentados pelos olhos destes, que durante a vida passaram de frentes de expansão do Oeste do Maranhão para os garimpos do Oeste do Pará e retornaram às frentes de expansão na região de Itaituba. Desmascarando a retórica ambientalista, que culpa a agricultura de queimada das zonas tropicais do mundo por problemas globais com emissões carbônicas, a percepção local do modo de vida rural revela como os camponeses escaparam da pobreza aguda do seu lugar de origem, mas acabaram nas condições degradantes do garimpo de ouro e, finalmente, chegaram à situação atual como agricultores pobres, porém independentes nas frentes de expansão do Oeste do Pará. Contudo, essa melhoria relativa de vida é sustentada por sistemas agrícolas que provocam desflorestamento e esgotamento das terras em longo prazo, e, assim, acaba recriando os problemas socioambientais do Nordeste no Norte. Por causa disso, as propostas visando a reduzir a degradação ambiental e a pobreza na Amazônia também devem incluir medidas para solucionar o subdesenvolvimento do Nordeste, que leva tantos camponeses a sair de sua região de origem.

Deforestation in private lands in Brazil and policy implications for REDD programs: an empirical assessment of land use changes within farms using an econometric model

SUMMARY Within the perspective of evolving negotiations for Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD), the opportunity costs of deforestation are regarded as the basis for constructing a REDD mitigation cost curve. This paper presents a land-use model that measures the impact of economic and physical variables on farmers' decisions about the allocation of their land among competing uses in Brazil. It is based on a multi-output land allocation model with agricultural land as a fixed input that is to be allocated. For the first time such a land allocation model has been estimated that explicitly separates all main competing uses for forest in Brazil — soybeans, sugarcane and pasture. Our results suggest a clear substitution effect between land allocation for forest and soybeans, and for forest and pasture. The results presented here contribute to the understanding of farmers' land use decisions while providing an estimate of the opportunity costs of deforestation at the county level in Brazil.

Beyond carbon colonialism: Frontier peasant livelihoods, spatial mobility and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

Regional trends of global significance involving frontier peasants in deforestation are seen through the eyes of those who produce them in remote places of the Amazon, where during their lives thousands of settlers from the underdeveloped North-east of Brazil have moved from frontier farming to gold prospecting and back again. Going beyond simplistic environmental rhetoric blaming slash-and-burn agriculture for global problems with carbon emissions, local perceptions of life paths and rural livelihoods are scrutinized to show how settlers escaped from desperate poverty in their place of origin but wound up living in degrading conditions of gold prospecting and finally arrived at their current situation as struggling but independent frontier farmers in western Pará state. As this relative improvement in livelihood comes at a cost of deforestation due to the unsustainable nature of frontier farming and risks recreating the social problems of the North-east in the North, it is argued that proposed solutions to reduce environmental degradation and poverty in the Amazon will also have to address issues of underdevelopment in the North-east in order to overcome the problems which compel so many peasants to emigrate from that region.

Cost of deforestation

Cost of deforestation

Estimates of the Economic Cost of Deforestation in the Amazon

This valuation exercise presents an estimation of total economic cost associated with deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon for the year 2000. Although some crucial methodological problems could not be totally overcome, we had the opportunity to apply more consistent and robust estimation procedures than the previous studies on the matter. We show that our final estimation value of US$ 108,1 per hectare year would be enough to promote forest sustainable uses. Along this line we discuss several ways in which some externalities counted into this value - particularly the global ones - could be captured by local producers.

The human cost of deforestation

Around the globe, people now recognize how rapidly the world's tropical rain forests are being destroyed. Scientific and public attention have focused on aspects of environmental devastation including species extinctions, soil degradation, declining biological diversity, and the alterations in regional and global climates. Only recently has attention been paid to deforestation's human costs. In particular, deforestation gravely effects indigenous peoples: it promotes death, disease, poverty, and acculturation.