Abstract
Almost all forest areas in the districts / cities in West Kalimantan experience reduced area. Reducing the area of forest area or deforestation can, of course, have a detrimental impact on the environment which in turn can disrupt the sustainability of development itself. Deforestation has ecological, economic and social impacts. The higher the rate of deforestation, it will cause the potential impact will also increase. West Kalimantan experienced a fairly high level of deforestation. This gives an indication that the impact caused by deforestation in West Kalimantan has a relatively high potential. In other words, deforestation causes losses including economic losses. Related to this, the research question is how much economic value is the loss caused by deforestation in West Kalimantan? This research has 2 (two) objectives: first, calculating the economic costs of deforestation in West Kalimantan during the period 2009-2015, and second, analyzing the effect of the economic costs of deforestation on West Kalimantan's GDP during the period 2009-2015. Based on the data base for the period 2009 to 2015 and using the benefit transfer technique, this research has found that the highest economic losses occur in the secondary production forest and the lowest in the conservation forest area. Furthermore, during the period 2009 to 2015, this study has found that the highest economic loss value occurred in 2013 and the lowest occurred in 2011. Overall, the value of economic losses in the form of a combination of depletion and degradation provides a less significant reduction on the value of the forestry sub-sector GRDP in West Kalimantan.
Highlights
Almost all forest areas in the districts / cities in West Kalimantan experience reduced area
Bila dicermati angka per tahun, pada tahun 2009 nilai kerugian ekonomi akibat deforestasi pada hutan produksi primer ini mencapai angka Rp. 15.889.739.446, dan terus menurun selama 2 tahun berikutnya
Economic Growth And Environmental Degradation: The Environmental Kuznets Curve And Sustainable Development
Summary
Indonesia dikenal memiliki hutan yang sangat luas di dunia setelah Brazillia. Namun selama lebih kurang 50 tahun hutan alam di Indonesia telah mengalami penyusutan secara drastis. Pada periode 1990 hingga 2001 laju deforestasi (penebangan hutan) di Indonesia mencapai 2 (dua) juta hektare per tahun, dan angka ini meningkat dua kali lipat dibanding 1980an (Forest Watch Indonesia, 2011). Oleh karena itu dalam 50 tahun terakhir tutupan hutan di Indonesia telah berkurang dari 162 juta hektare menjadi 98 juta hectare (Forest Watch Indonesia, 2011). Bahkan Departemen Kehutanan mengatakan bahwa laju kerusakan hutan mencapai 3,4 juta hektar per tahun yang diakibatkan oleh berbagai sebab(Adriana, 2004:1). Fenomena deforestasi terjadi juga di Kalimantam Barat yang merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan hutan terluas ke empat di Indonesia setelah Provinsi Papua, Kalimantan Tengah dan Kalimantan Timur. Dengan angka laju deforestasi yang cukup massive ini tentu saja sangat memberikan pengaruh terhadap fungsi hutan secara ekologis, bahkan juga memberikan dampak ekonomi dan social dalam jangka panjang bagi masyarakat. Dalam konteks ini penelitian ini mencoba menghitung perkiraan nilai biaya kerugian ekonomi akibat deforestasi selama periode tahun 2009 s/d 2015
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