Waste Management Costs Research Articles

ANALISIS PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI LINGKUNGAN ATAS PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH PADA DINAS KESEHATAN KOTA KUPANG

This study is entitled "Analysis of the Application of Environmental Accounting for Waste Management in Kupang City Health Office". This study aims to determine the application of environmental accounting at the City of Kupang Health Office, as an effort to reduce the environmental impact caused by the operational activities of the health center and to know the environmental costs of the City of Kupang Health Office. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The variables used in this study are environmental activities and environmental cost budgets. The results of this study are environmental activities carried out by health centers such as, waste water management using Waste Water Management Installation (IPAL) or infiltration channels that are channeled in the form of septic tank, medical waste using incinerator and non-medical waste in the storage area in a temporary landfill (TPS) and then transported to a landfill (TPA). While the Kupang City Health Office only acts as the management that controls or supervises, monitors or supervises every waste handling activity carried out by the puskesmas. The budget for waste management costs incurred by the Kupang City Health Office from 2017-2020, namely 1) prevention costs such as, third-party service expenditure for medical waste combustion costs and medical waste management training, 2) internal failure costs such as, transport waste management medical and medical junk transport official travel, and 3) environmental detection costs such as medical travel service supervision supervision of medical waste.

Implementasi Green Accounting di RSUD Bendan Kota Pekalongan

Green accounting provides an overview of protecting the environment by combining environmental benefits with environmental costs such as waste management. The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of green accounting in Bendan Hospital and how the accounting treatment starts from identifying, recognizing, measuring, presenting, and disclosing the costs of waste management applied at Bendan Hospital. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach. The object of research is Bendan Hospital, Pekalongan City. The results of this study indicate (1) Bendan Hospital has identified the costs incurred for waste management but have not been identified specifically. (2) Recognition of each cost incurred for waste management using the accrual basic method. (3) Measurement of waste management costs in monetary units, namely rupiah multiplied by waste per kilogram. (4) Bendan Hospital presents these costs in the budget realization report and operational report. (5) Bendan Hospital has not reported environmental costs related to waste management specifically.

Modeling the Impact of Fees and Circular Economy Options on the Financial Sustainability of the Solid Waste Management System in Jordan

Municipal solid waste services in Jordan are being provided by municipalities, where 90% of the generated solid waste finds its way to the landfills and dump sites. All Jordanian municipalities are suffering from low cost recovery where it reaches 50% in its best case. Realizing these facts, recently, the Jordanian government has embarked on an ambitious package of regulations and policies to promote the adoption of circular economy options. The National Solid Waste Management Strategy (NSWMS) of Jordan has called for rationalization, gradual increase of the service fees and adoption of circular economy options through recycling and composting. To assess the impacts of the proposed policies by the NSWMS on the financial sustainability, a system dynamic modeling (SDM) was carried out for the two largest municipalities in the country, namely Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) and Greater Irbid Municipality (GIM). The share of solid waste management cost from the total municipal budget in GAM and GIM is 13.3% and 24%, respectively. On the other hand, the cost per ton of solid waste management in GAM is USD 85 and in GIM it is USD 50. Medium-term and long-term scenarios were considered in the SDM analysis. By considering the year 2016 as a baseline year, the simulation revealed that during the midterm period (2022–2026), the cost recovery will be increased from 54% to 82.5% in GAM, while in GIM it will be raised from 45% to 70%. Moreover, during the long-term period (2027–2034) as a result of adopting circular economy options by recycling and composting, both GAM and GIM will achieve full cost recovery of the solid waste services, in 2028 and 2029, respectively. Furthermore, diverting the solid waste from the landfill will lead to climate change mitigation, where about 652,275 tons of CO2eq. and greenhouse gases will be avoided. It is recommended that municipalities in Jordan should consider a more efficient solid waste collection mechanism rather than through electricity bills. Further research is needed to assess the impact of other circular economy options such as waste to energy and extended producer responsibility (EPR).

Analisa Pengelolaan Sampah di Kecamatan Namo Rambe Kabupaten Deli Serdang

Waste management in Namo Rambe Sub-district is not optimal, waste is not managed by the government, and piles and scattered garbage can be seen in corners of settlements/housings and illegal waste collection places as well as public facilities. This study aims to identify and analyze waste management which includes 5 (five) mutually supportive aspects consisting of legal and regulatory aspects, institutional aspects, operational technical aspects, financing aspects, and community participation aspects, and to identify and analyze obstacles in waste management in Namo Rambe District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research used was descriptive method, and the data analysis technique used descriptive qualitative. The results showed that waste management in Namo Rambe District was still classified as not good, because of the five aspects of waste management based on the theory of SNI-3242-2008, there were several aspects that were still not implemented properly, namely: legal and regulatory aspects, institutional aspects, technical aspects. operational and community participation aspects. There are obstacles faced by the government in waste management, it is necessary to make regulations regarding the number of waste management costs, add infrastructure, establish cooperation between interrelated institutions from the center to the regions, allocate the required costs and be more active in socializing by appealing to increase awareness public.

DETERMINING THE COMPREHENSIVE TARIFF FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT AND THE VALUE OF SECONDARY RESOURCES

One of the main reasons why the EU has achieved such impressive results in minimizing landfills and increasing the rate of recycling has been the “polluter pays” principle. The cost of waste management for the producer should be equal to all the costs of eliminating its adverse effects. The results of household waste management in Ukraine lag far behind those in Europe. Less than 1% of the total amount of household and similar waste is reused. Ukraine risks not achieving the waste management indicators specified in the national sustainable development strategy if the current organizational and economic models remain dominant. Low tariffs for waste management and the absence of a nationwide segregated collection program are believed to be the main factors behind the prevalence of unsanctioned dump sites. The backlog in the implementation of recycling centers, recycling megaprojects and, finally, separate collection programs are the result of insufficient funding. This study provides a full calculation of the inclusive household waste management tariff. The approach was to find the total financial costs, including design, land acquisition, landfill construction and operating cost then, estimate the environmental costs caused by the CO2 emissions. The study estimates the real cost of collecting and transporting separately collected household waste and concludes the net cost after deducting the market value of recyclable materials. According to the results of the study, it turned out that the financial costs for the disposal of household waste in Ukraine reach up to UAH 355, and the cost of emissions may reach UAH 441/ton depending on the type of waste. The article reveals that the tariff for the collection and transportation of household waste must be adjusted depending on the density of the waste components and the market value of secondary raw materials. It has been also found that the costs of collecting and transporting some types of waste can be avoided if the recyclables are self-delivered to the recycling centers. The inclusive collection and transportation tariff, according to this study, should fluctuate between UAH 453 and UAH 1628 per ton. Finally, the study has shown that waste generator can earn between UAH 1072 and UAH 2495 when his recyclables are collected separately.

Optimalisasi Biaya Operasional Pembuangan Sampah di Perumahan Bontoramba Kabupaten Maros

The local population reaches around 322,212 people, maros regency produces large amounts of waste every result, the costs for waste management are increasing. Most of the waste is from population activities such as household waste, industrial waste, market waste, hospital waste, agricultural waste, plantation waste, agricultural waste, association / office / school waste, and so on ... More important than other types of diversity, including packaging waste that is more difficult and more difficult to decipher by natural processes. To strive to improve the quality of health in Bontoramba, both in terms of the influence of weather and air immersion, good management of waste disposal is needed. Both of the expenses from each house, each group of housing, blocks and the whole of the housing.The results of the interview analysis as many as 90.67% of the community were ready to receive contributions to the local government so that the waste in the location was wasted well or ready to dispose of the trash with the requirements to make temporary transfer places not to be far away because there were 82% of the community requested. need to be corrected systematically, both integrated, transport in order to overcome waste problems.

Waste Classification Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques:Literature Review

waste is the total remnants of domestic, agricultural, industrial and productive human activities, all the trash left somewhere, the neglect of which threatens and harms public safety. Waste is divided into many types such as: Non-biodegradable waste, Hazardous waste, Industrial waste, Municipal solid waste, Agricultural waste.
 Organic waste: It is fermentable waste such as food scraps and garden waste. Inorganic waste: It is waste that does not contain organic compounds, such as plastic, metals, and clothes. Also Solid waste: like mineral or glass materials, and it results from domestic, industrial and agricultural waste. It needs hundreds of years to decompose, and its presence poses an environmental threat. The efficiency and accuracy of conventional trash classification techniques are both low, Waste classification is the process of identifying and categorizing different types of waste based on their characteristics. Accurate waste classification is important for a number of reasons, including supporting recycling and other forms of resource recovery, protecting the environment and human health, and reducing the costs of waste management. Additionally, because of the vast amount of waste, unskilled people separate rubbish, which is less exact, takes more time, and isn't entirely practicable. Artificial intelligence and image processing, two powerful computing techniques, have advanced and now offer a variety of solutions. However, the current waste classification models still have several issues, such as poor classification accuracy or lengthy run times, because various wastes require various methods of disposal. The existing waste classification models driven by deep learning are not easy to achieve accurate results and still need to be improved due to the various architecture networks adopted. Aimed at solving these problems. Several methods and modules have been reviewed with the advantages of each are listed in Table 1.

Characterization and potential valorization of industrial food processing wastes

Valorization and utilization of industrial food processing waste as value added products, platform chemicals and biofuels, are needed to improve sustainability and reduce waste management costs. Various industrial food waste stream samples were characterized with respect to their physico-chemical characteristics and elemental composition. A subset of starchy food wastes and milk dust powder were evaluated in batch fermentation to acetone, a useful platform chemical. Production levels were similar to acetone produced from glucose but were achieved more quickly. Lactose concentration negatively affected fermentation and led to 50 % lower acetone concentration from milk dust powder than from starchy wastes. Uncooked starch waste can produce 20 % more acetone than cooked and modified starch waste. Fatty waste and mineral waste can be digested anaerobically generating biogas. Calorific value of soybean waste was 40 MJ/kg sufficiently high for biodiesel production. Low C/N ratios of wastewater and solids from food processing waste makes them unsuitable for anaerobic digestion but these waste types can be converted thermochemically to hydrochar and used as soil amendments. Low calorific content (10–15 MJ/kg) vegetable wastes also are not ideal for energy production, but are rich in flavonoids, antioxidants and pigments which can be extracted as valuable products. A model mapping food waste characteristics to best valorization pathway was developed to guide waste management and future cost and environmental impact analyses. These findings will help advance food industry knowledge and improve sustainable food production through valorized processing waste management.

The role of edible insects in sustainable and environmentally friendly aquatic animal feeding

To ensure sustainable growth, feed-fed aquaculture needs to reduce its reliance on fishmeal and oil. Introducing of novel aquaculture feeds such as macroalgae, bacteria, yeasts, and insects can greatly reduce the need for fish in aquaculture while maintaining efficiency and omega-3 fatty acid profiles. Insects, particularly, can efficiently convert organic waste into valuable products, thus reducing waste management costs and replacing fish and soybean meal. The flexibility and efficiency of insect metabolism contribute to their potential in mass food and feed production. However, for insect farming to have a global impact, it needs to be economically viable and capable of supplying insect products in industrial quantities. Extensive research has been conducted to explore the potential of insect meal for various physiological effects in important crustacean and fish species in aquaculture. This paper aims to summarize the relevant literature on these topics and highlight the results of experiments conducted with key species.

Evaluation of Solid Waste Management in Al- Samawah City

The purpose of this study was to look into the evaluation of waste disposal stages (collection, storing, treatment, transporting, and landfilling) in addition to additional variables, including financial status, population size, and the technical methods employed to identify relationships with the handling of waste using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The AL-Samawah municipality's waste management wasn't staged due to no sorting and treatment processes, and the work was limited to solid waste collection and transportation. The landfill stage was carried out in a manner that did not preserve the environment and was limited to dumping waste on the earth's surface or digging a shallow trench into which waste was placed and backfilled. It is evident through costs, as collection and transportation costs account for 95% of total waste management costs. Working families generated more waste than non-working families, ranging from 3 to 15%, due to their reliance on fast food wrapped in plastic and cork containers, which generates more waste. The regression equations were created to predict the dumping cost based on the dependent variables: transportation and collection. The R2 values were 0.77.

RECOVERY OF HESPERIDIN FROM LEMON BY-PRODUCTS USING GREEN TECHNIQUES

The food industry is the main producer of food waste. Therefore, the development of methodologies to reuse and make the most of it is of great interest. Food industry waste can contain compounds with added value that, if properly extracted and used, can be applied to the development of healthy foods (clean label), nutraceuticals, senior food, cosmetics, etc. The revaluation of by-products from the citrus industry will make it possible to reduce the large volume of lemon waste, reducing the cost of waste management and obtaining compounds of interest from them. In this work, different alternative methodologies to the use of organic solvents have been used for the extraction of Hesperidin in lemon by-products, including thermal, enzymatic and ultrasound treatment and purification adsorption processes with resins, granular activated carbon and zeolite were optimized. The optimum Hesperidin extraction (86371 ± 422 mg GAE/g dry extract) was achieved using an enzymatic pre-treatment, cellulase enzyme (Validase TRL®-Sigma) at 0.01% of weight of the lemon peel by-product, treatment time of 60 min, and water/citrus by-product ratio of 3:1 w/w, followed by a purification adsorption/desorption process through Purolite PAD610 resin.

Cooling and Power from Waste and Agriculture Residue as a Sustainable Strategy for Small Islands—A Case Study of Tonga

Identifying local energy sources and devising a circular economy could improve self-sufficiency in many Pacific Islands. On the islands with significant agriculture, the residue from the cultivation of plants has promising energy potential. The waste stream is another potential source of energy that otherwise should undergo proper treatment. Additionally, cold-storage capacity improves the preservation of crops and increases the agricultural exports of these islands. This study proposes a combined cooling and power (CCP) system driven by biomass from agriculture residue and waste streams as fuel for different districts in Tonga. The units supply a fraction of the districts’ electricity demand and provide sufficient cold-storage capacity to preserve the prospective yield of a fraction of fallow lands. The technical and economic performance of the CCP units was analysed for different fractions of electricity demand and fallow land exploitation in each district during a year of operation. The results show that the optimum combination of the CCP units supplies 38% of the total electricity demand of Tonga and prevents the annual consumption of 7.4 million litres of diesel and emission of 20 kilotonnes of CO2. In addition, it provides 3700 m2 of cold-storage area, which is sufficient for preserving the prospective yield of the exploitation of 27% of the total fallow land of Tonga. Annual export revenue of about AU$10 million is expected from such a cold-storage capacity for Tongan farmers. Furthermore, the units consume 10,000 tonnes of annual waste, significantly reducing waste management costs. This study presents an example of a comprehensive circular-economy solution for a remote island state that improves its socioeconomic and environmental condition by supplying the community’s local needs from its available and abundant resources under a viable business model. The solution presented in this study can be adapted to many island communities with significant agriculture in the economy and crucial energy and cooling needs.

Towards the non-invasive assessment of staling in bovine hides with hyperspectral imaging

Microbial spoilage or staling of bovine hides during storage leads to poor leather quality and increased chemical consumption during processing. Conventional microbiological examinations of hide samples which require time-consuming microbe culture cannot be employed as a practical staling detection approach for leather production. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI), featuring fast data acquisition and implementation flexibility has been considered ideal for in-line detection of microbial contamination in Agri- food products. In this study, a linescan hyperspectral imaging system working in a spectral range of 550 nm to 1700 nm was utilized as a rapid and non-destructive technique for predicting the aerobic plate counts (APC) on raw hide samples during storage. Fresh bovine hide samples were stored at 4 °C and 20 °C for 3 days. Every day, hyperspectral images were acquired on both sides for each sample. The APCs were determined simultaneously by conventional microbiological plating method. Leather quality was evaluated by microscopic inspection of grain surfaces, which indicate the acceptable threshold of microbe load on hide samples for leather processing. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to fit the spectral information extracted from the samples to the logarithmic values of APC to develop microbe load prediction models. All models showed good prediction accuracy, yielding a Rcv2 in the range of 0.74–0.92 and standard error of cross validation (SECV) in the range of 0.61–0.76 %. The prediction capability of the HSI was explored using the model developed with SNV + smoothened pre-processing to spatially predict plate count in the samples. Models established in this study successfully predicted the staling states characterised by bacterial loads on hide samples with low prediction errors. Models, visually, showed the differences in microbial load across the storage time and temperatures. Results illustrate that HSI can be potentially implemented as a non-invasive tool to predict microbe loads in bovine hides before leather processing, so that real-time grading of hides based on staling states can be achieved. This will reduce the cost of leather production and waste management and pave the way for allocating material supply for different production purposes.

Municipal Waste Management in Polish Cities—Is It Really Smart?

Efficient municipal waste management is one of the key aspects of smart cities. In the literature, modern technological solutions are mainly analyzed in this context on the example of specific case studies. However, the author of this article attempts a more fundamental, holistic and comparative assessment of waste management in cities, recognized as smart and aspiring to this title. The objective of this attempt is to answer the following question: What results do the designated cities achieve in terms of waste volume reduction, waste segregation and collection costs? The research was carried out on 16 Polish provincial cities used as examples, including two (Warsaw and Wrocław) classified as smart cities in ranking of the Cities in Motion Index 2020. The analysis period covers 2019–2021, and during the research, in addition to the parameters listed above, a multi-criteria analysis was used to allow a collective assessment of the effectiveness of municipal management in the surveyed cities. The results obtained allow the conclusion that the volume of waste per capita in most of the analyzed cities is steadily increasing. The cost of waste management is also growing significantly. These unfavorable phenomena are particularly acute for smart cities, which in the holistic assessment were ranked among the three least effective units in terms of waste management (Lublin, Warsaw, Wrocław).

Sustainable supply chain network design for municipal solid waste management: A case study

Design and planning of waste transfer stations, treatment facilities, and landfills are essential components of municipal solid waste management. The source separation process reduces waste separation costs and improves the quality of recycled products by preventing the generation of mixed waste and assisting the waste recycling process. The purpose of this paper is to present a multi-period, multi-objective model for designing an integrated and sustainable supply chain network for municipal solid waste management that considers source separation and employs a reward-penalty mechanism. The objective functions include minimizing the system's total cost, greenhouse gas emissions, and adverse environmental impacts on residential areas. The proposed model is illustrated through a case study in Kermanshah, Iran. Three scenarios including the optimal solution of the proposed model considering the landfill location as a decision variable, the optimal solution of the proposed model with the current landfill location fixed, and the existing waste management system are introduced and compared. The results indicate that when the proposed system is used instead of the previous two scenarios, waste management costs are reduced by 12.4% and 66.6%, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by 0.5%, and increased by 3.3%. Environmental impacts are increased by 16.5% and reduced by 8.9%, respectively. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the effect of varying the waste impurity percentage on supply chain performance, as source separation is believed to reduce system costs.

A sustainable medical waste management system design in the face of uncertainty and risk during COVID-19

COVID-19's developing trend has put the waste management systems of governments all over the world in jeopardy. The increasing rise of infectious medical waste has now become a serious problem. This paper presents a multi-period multi-objective model for designing a medical waste management system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The model aims to reduce total costs of infectious medical waste management while also reducing the environmental impact of treatment centers, disposal centers, and transportation. It also aims to maximize the suitability of treatment technology based on social considerations and reduce the risk associated with processing and transporting COVID-19 waste. Different strategic and operational decisions are taken into account that include the selection of treatment technologies, the location of treatment and disposal centers, the flow of generated medical waste between facilities, and the number of vehicles required for the medical waste transport. The model tackles the uncertainty associated with model parameters, and it uses a credibility-based possibilistic programming method to deal with uncertainties. The suggested model is solved using an interactive fuzzy programming method and the importance of social indicators for selecting treatment technology is determined using the fuzzy best–worst approach. The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated by a practical case study in Shiraz, Iran. The numerical results can help system designers to achieve the most suitable trade-off between the sustainability goals and the safety viewpoint.

Waste management and Italian provinces: Why pay more for less?

This work investigates the role of waste treatment methods and separation policies in explaining the Total Waste Management Costs (TWMC) at NUTS 3 level, Italy, between 2015 and 2018. In this context, northern provinces generally have high efficiency and circularity, while central and southern provinces lag behind. It is unclear how much of the difference is motivated by socioeconomic factors and how much by political entrenchment in low circularity policies. Panel data models have been estimated using provincial and regional fixed effects targeting TWMC as the dependent variable. Two main independent variables are considered as drivers. One is a composite policy indicator that gives higher weight to circular methods and waste-to-energy treatments. Lower weights have been given to increase landfill, generic incineration, and biological and mixed treatments. The second independent variable is the ratio between separated waste and total municipal waste flow. The estimations' results indicate that the composite indicator of circular policies reduces TWMC while separation policies increase them. Furthermore, it is estimated that provinces need to improve their composite performance significantly to offset the cost increases derived by separation policies. Thus, perseverance in pursuing an incomplete circular policy might be a driver of TWMC at the local level.

Hazardous Waste Advanced Management in a Selected Region of Poland

This article presents a study on hazardous waste management in the Malopolskie region of Poland. The study was based on the information obtained during three years from 2016 to 2018, and following analysis, it was found that in 2016 there was the highest amount of 24,872.13 tons of hazardous waste produced, of which only a three-fold lower amount was disposed of. In this study, various types of hazardous waste were analyzed, including the waste from construction materials and asbestos. The predominant share of 50% of the mass of analyzed hazardous waste was felt on the generated one. Waste recovered in installations had a lower share of 43%, with a significant and favorable increase of over 5000.00 tons. In the context of the correctness of environmental aspects, it was considered an advisable solution that would optimize treatment conditions, and at the same time minimize the costs of hazardous waste management.

Central robust decision-making structure for reverse supply chain: a real pharmaceutical case

Tons of hazardous pharmaceutical waste is introduced to the environment each year, showing the significance of medicines reverse channels. Meanwhile, establishing a pharmaceutical reverse channel is complex and costly, and therefore misestimation of uncertainty in waste collection operations can lead to severe financial losses. As conventional methods for uncertainty often fail to mitigate the risk and protect the system, we propose a central robust approach, inspired by scenario-based robust optimization and supply chain coordination concepts, which can significantly reduce waste management costs in the face of uncertainty. We study the profitability in a two-layer reverse channel, where the initial number of unwanted medications is subject to discrete uncertainty. Then, we extend our problem, assuming that the customer willingness to return the items is subject to random uncertainty. A non-linear programming model, a flexible transfer price agreement, and the Nash-bargaining game model are developed to optimize and coordinate the system performance. The analytical results provide reliable insights for industry owners to manage uncertainty in the collection process. We illustrate that implementing the proposed model boosts the return quantity, leads to a remarkable improvement in the profitability of the entire chain, and improves the system adaptability with respect to changing significant market parameters or revenue fluctuations.

PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH KAMPUS 2 UIN WALISONGO SEMARANG (TINJAUAN MULTIDIMENSI)

The waste in the trash is still mixed, and in its management, the waste is not processed and transported immediately to TPA Jatibarang. Sustainable waste management needs to pay attention to 5 aspects of waste management, namely operational technical aspect, institutional aspect, financing aspect, legal and regulatory aspect, and community participation aspect. The purpose of this study is to obtain an integrated waste management concept from the 5 aspects of waste management. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, the data is taken using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. It is known that the waste generation on campus 2 is 129.36 kg / day with a volume of 1,903.98 l / day. Composition of food waste 15.74%; wood and garden waste 48,12%; plastic 9,19%; metal 0.20%; paper / cardboard 9.05%; fabrics / textiles 0.30%; glass / glass 0.41%; rubber / leather 0.42%; and other 16,56%. The operational technique of waste management is planned to use 5 separate bins based on waste types, collection using a three-wheeled open motorbike, transfer to TPST on Kampus 2, then composting the food waste and garden waste. Plastic, paper, metal, glass, and rubber can be deposited into Bank Sampah at UIN Walisongo, while cloth and other waste are disposed to TPA Jatibarang. On the regulatory aspect, there are no regulations at the university level governing waste management. In the institutional aspect, it is necessary to carry out technical training for cleaning personnel regarding solid waste management, as well as institutional strengthening. In the aspect of financing, the cost of waste management is budgeted in the Rencana Belanja dan Anggaran which is proportional to the generation of waste every year. In community participation aspect, it is necessary to conduct socialization and education to the entire academic community of UIN Walisongo to increase awareness and participation in waste management.