COST-231 Hata Model Research Articles

Optimized Suitable Propagation Model for GSM 900 Path Loss Prediction

This paper present how COST-231 Hata model is chosen and optimizedfor path loss prediction in suburban area of Tarakan, Indonesia in the GSM 900 MHz system.Thispredicted and optimized path loss model is based on the empirical measurement collected in the GSM system on Tarakan City. It is developed by comparing the calculatedpath loss from collected measurements with the well-known path loss models within applicable frequency range of GSM system, such as COST-231 Hata, Ericsson, SUI, Walfish, ECC-33, and Lee Model. The COST-231 Hata model was chosen based on the closest and smallest mean error ascompared to the measured path loss. This optimized COST-231 Hata model is implemented in the path loss predictionduring the validation process. Thus, this optimized model is successfully improved and would be more reliableto be applied in the TarakanGSM900 MHz system for path loss prediction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v14i1.7470

Path Loss Prediction of Wireless Mobile Communication for Urban Areas of Imo State, South-East Region of Nigeria at 910 MHz

This paper provides an extension of path loss prediction in urban city of Imo State of Nigeria with a measured set of propagation at 910 MHz band. This paper work discusses and implements Okumura, Hata, cost-231, walfisch-Ikegami model, Sagami-Kuboi Model even though Hata and cost-231 Hata Models are extensively used in path loss analysis for GSM and CDMA systems comparison with the set results developed. It is of utmost importance that this paper work guides network designers in mobile cellular propagation and inculcates an accurate method of designing, deploying and managing of their network for proper attenuation.

LTE Coverage Network Planning and Comparison with Different Propagation Models

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the next step (fourth generation) mobile radio communication technology that succeeds the HSPA.3GPP standardization body. LTE is expected to be the most competitive radio technology in the future to provide high-data-rate transmission, low latency, improved service and reduced costs. This paper focuses on one of the basic steps in the LTE network planning, by employing LTE dimensioning process, such as link budget and planning, for uplink and downlink coverage, as well as categorization of simulated received signal strengths. Also, a comparison of different propagation models, used by ATDI software (free-space, Okumura / Hata / David, Stanford University Interim (SUI), COST-231 Hata and ITU -R 525/526 Deygout). The Okumura / Hata / David’s model showed the highest received power sensitivity (-61 dBm, at 3 km separation distance), while COST-231 Hata model shows the lowest sensitivity at same distance (-96 dBm). In this paper, ATDI planning LTE radio planning software platform has been used for estimating the coverage of UTM, which is a dense urban environment.

Investigation of Path Loss of Mobile Radio Services at L-Band Frequency over Akure, South Western, Nigeria

As the migration of wireless communication network from one generation to another continue, radio wave propagation model or path loss model plays a very significant role in achieving an optimum performance as well as suitability over different locations of interest. In this research, investigation of radio communication channel behavior based on practical measurement in the L-band frequency in Akure- one of the dense urban regions of southwestern part of Nigeria has been carried out. A total number of ten base stations of MTN GSM service located across several areas in Akure were monitored. Path loss and break point distances was deduced from the Received Signal Strength (RSS) and compared with some existing path loss models. The mean and Standard deviation (SD) of each path loss model and measured path loss were estimated and compared on environmental basis; urban and suburban. Based on the regression line (log-normal model) of the measured exponent, Erceg and Cost-231 Hata path loss models show great consistency when compared with Ericson's model with Cost-231 Hata model showing the closest fit to the measured values. The results show that either the log-normal or Cost 231 Hata models may be used to estimate the path loss in mobile micro cell coverage in this region. Path loss exponents, break point distances for each location as well as fitted parameters for the suitable models were also derived. Information from this work will be useful for channel design of micro-wave band

Propagation Models for GSM 900 and 1800 MHz for Port Harcourt and Enugu, Nigeria

For the cellular networks to effectively cover a terrain or environment, accurate prediction of the coverage of the radio frequency signal is highly needed. Wave propagation models are essential and very important tools for determining the wave propagation characteristics for a particular environment. Path loss predictions are therefore required for the coverage planning, determination of multipath effects as well as interference and cell calculations. These calculations lead to high level network planning. Drive test measurements were taken along certain routes in Port Harcourt and Enugu, cities in Nigeria. These measurements were compared with calculated values from Okumura- Hata and COST231 Hata models. The average path loss values for the routes ranged from 135.01 db to 138.48 dB at 900 MHz, 142.26 db to 147.30 db at 1800 MHz. The standard deviations varied from 2.71 db to 15.94 db for the Okumura Hata model at 900 MHz whereas for the COST231 Hata model it was from 1.91 db to 15.04 db. Similarly, the mean square errors (µe) ranged from 0.8 db to 5.04 db for Okumura Hata at 900 MHz. For COST 231 Hata at this frequency, it was from 0.6 db to 4.76 db. This agrees with the acceptable International range. The acceptable range lies between 1? µ ? 15 db (Wu & Yuan 1998). The mean square error at 1800 MHz varied from 0.11 db to 5.40 db.

Propagation measurements and modelling at 1800 MHz in Lagos Nigeria

Path loss of measured data from GSM base stations located in Lagos has been compared against predictions made by free space model, Egli model, COST 231-Hata model, COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami model, Ericsson model, ECC-33 model and the SUI model. The SUI model performed better in the rural area with a Root-Mean-Square Error RMSE of 2.76 dB. The Egli, Ericsson, ECC-33 and the COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami models predict the path loss in the areas with RMSEs higher than the acceptable range of 6 dB. The COST 231 Hata model showed the best performance in the rural, suburban and urban areas with RMSEs of 6.91 dB, 4.80 dB and 4.59 dB, respectively. This model was modified and found to predict the measured path loss in the rural, suburban and urban areas with RMSEs of 2.50 dB, 3.64 dB and 5.06 dB, respectively, which are acceptable for signal prediction.

Planning of WiMAX Networks Based on Modified Empirical Path Loss Model

Abstract The prosperity and demand of wireless access technology have drawn tremendous attention from researchers for the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) over the past decade. This paper presents developed and adapted empirical path loss model (Samir Model) for the planning of WiMAX networks. The empirical propagation path loss models have a significant influence in wireless communication systems design. Predicting and finding the path loss are essential in planning and designing WiMAX networks. Three empirical models, the Stanford University Interim (SUI) model, the COST-231 Hata model and Samir model have been investigated in this work. Reference path loss of 3.5GHz WiMAX networks data is compared with the above mentioned models to demonstrate the responses of WiMAX systems based Samir empirical path loss model and confirm it is more comprehensive to combine both SUI and COST-231 Hata models . Many dependent parameters of the WiMAX planning problems are tested in different types of topography (rural, urban and suburban) such as path loss, base station and receiver antenna height, shadow fading, transmitting power and receiver sensitivity against distance between transmitter and receiver.

Some experimental investigations in the WiMAX band and comparison of propagation models in mixed urban environments of Western India

This paper presents the analysis of measurements taken at 2.3 GHz in the mixed urban environments of Western India for 17 WiMAX base stations. Coverage predictions using various models and their comparison with observed data have been carried out. Measured path loss is compared with the theoretical path loss values estimated by COST-231 Hata model, the SUI model, the ECC model, and ITU-R (P.1411-1) model. This investigation is essential to provide last mile broadband wireless access, before deploying WiMAX. Path loss exponents, mean errors, and standard deviations of all the prediction methods were deduced and suitable models for path loss prediction methods were identified.

Comparison between known propagation models using least squares tuning algorithm on 5.8 GHz in Amazon region cities

This paper presents a performance comparison between known propagation Models through least squares tuning algorithm for 5.8 GHz frequency band. The studied environment is based on the 12 cities located in Amazon Region. After adjustments and simulations, SUI Model showed the smaller RMS error and standard deviation when compared with COST231-Hata and ECC-33 models.

Optimised COST-231 Hata Models for WiMAX Path Loss Prediction in Suburban and Open Urban Environments

In Malaysia, the incumbent WiMAX operator utilises the bands of 2360-2390MHz to provide broadband services. Like all Radio Frequency (RF), WiMAX is susceptible to path loss. In this paper, field strength data collected in Cyberjaya, Malaysia is used to calculate the path loss suffered by the WiMAX signals. The measured path loss is compared with the theoretical path loss values estimated by the COST-231 Hata model, the Stanford University Interim (SUI) model and the Egli model. The best model to estimate the path loss based on the path loss exponents was determined to be the COST-231 Hata model. From this observation, an optimised model based on COST-231 Hata parameters is developed to predict path loss for suburban and open urban environments in the 2360-2390MHz band. The optimised model is validated using standard deviation error analysis, and the results indicate that the new optimised model predicts path loss in both suburban and open urban environments with very low standard deviation errors of less than 4.3dB and 1.9dB respectively. These values show that the model optimisation was done successfully and that the new optimised models will be able to determine the path loss suffered by the WiMAX signals more accurately. The optimised model may be used by telecommunication providers to improve their service.

A Comparative Capacity/Coverage Analysis for CDMA Cell in Different Propagation Environments

In the design of cells in mobile communication systems, path loss prediction models play an important role and have been the subject of the study for some time (M.F. Ibrahim and J.D. Parsons, IEE Proceedings, Vol. 130, No. 5, 1983). This paper presents the analysis of two main factors that affect the capacity bounds in a UMTS cell for different propagation models. These are the (i) interference levels at Node B, which increases with the number of active users, and (ii) the limited sending power of the user equipment (UE) which may not be able to send signals with enough power to reach Node B with the required received power level due to path loss. The aim of this paper is to analyse the capacity/coverage of the uplink of UMTS system in different propagation environments (free space, suburban, urban, dense urban, rural) and derive the capacity bounds for the UMTS cell. The capacity bounds have been extracted based on the extended COST-231 Hata model (http://cost.cordis.lu/src/whatiscost.cfm). COST-231 Hata is an extension of the Okumura–Hata model which covers the higher frequencies (G.L. Stuber, “Principles of Mobile Communications,” Kluwer, 1996) necessary for WCDMA. The basic model describes the propagation loss in an urban environment, but a number of correction factors can be applied to extend its application to a broader range of environments. The analysis takes into account a number of capacity influencing factors such as the CDMA code non-orthogonality, the inter-cell interference, imperfect power control, and different service specific factors. The simulation results show the effect of different system and varying environmental parameters upon the system's capacity in different environments. The results clearly demonstrate that it is too optimistic to rely on studies based on free space assumptions.