Cossack Villages Research Articles

Building Information Modelling (BIM) Technologies in Construction and Architecture: International and National Experience

Introduction. The relevance of the research is induced by the gaps existing in the modern Architectural Science with regard to the conception of innovative digital technologies capable to optimise the reconstruction of the Sydney Opera House and the restoration of the St. John the Theologian Church in the Rostov region. Creating a digital twin of a building simplifies the work on its possible reconstruction. The research is targeted at studying the interrelation of the digital IFC models of the Sydney Opera House and the St. John the Theologian Church in Grushevskaya Cossack village, Rostov region, complemented by creation of their lifecycle-extending projects.Materials and Methods. The methodological base of the research includes the traditional scientific methods, as well as the interdisciplinary approaches used in the modern Architectural Science. The work studies progress in the designing, reconstruction and modernisation principles of the objects of capital construction, on the example of the building information modelling technologies (BIM), as well as the experience of using computer technologies in reconstruction and reequipping the construction facilities. The computer model of the Sydney Opera House building, along with the photographic evidence of architectural elements, detail drawings, historical buildings’ facade fragments were used in the research for elaborating the St. John the Theologian Church model and designing the new facility — the gate bell tower.Results. The excellence of BIM over the traditional designing methods has been established, which is expressed in the possibility to perform digital modelling and make calculations on re-equipping the facilities with the modern engineering systems aiming to bring the parameters of the operated equipment in compliance with the up-to-date level of requirements and assessments accepted for the current state of constructions and structures, which determines the range of restoration and reconstruction measures.Discussion and Conclusion. The article describes the interrelation in structuring the transfer of building information model parameters among the differential programmes involved in the model creation using the IFC format. Application of advanced technologies in the architectural design and construction adjusts and rationalises the processes of construction, operation and reconstruction of the objects of capital construction aiming to manage their life cycle efficiently.

Children — Victims of Cannibalism (based on the materials of the Chelyabinsk governorate of the early 20s of the XX century)

Under the extreme conditions of famine in the early 20s of the twentieth century, there appeared a new criminal wrongdoing, which had never existed in the Urals before — not just murder, but depriving somebody of life in order to eat the body of the murdered, including children . In the Verkhneuralsky County, cannibalism had become almost a commonplace, there were 13 such facts registered in the Chernigov Cossack village, 11 such facts registered in Velikopetrovskaya, 5 in Magnitnaya, 5 in the Polotsk village, and “mass corpse-eating”was registered in Kizelskaya . Cannibalism also spread to other parts of the governorate . One of the egregious facts of child cannibalism was recorded in the Nasledninskaya Cossack village of the Troitsky County . In the province, there was the following number of cases of cannibalism registered in the three most hunger-bitten counties: Verkhneuralsky — 84, Troitsk — 5, Miass — 7 . There are 98 facts in total in the governorate . The scope of cannibalism frightened and forced the executive committee on March 7, 1922 to consider the issue “On the fight in the Chelyabgubernia against cases of cannibalism, corpse-eating, selling the flesh of human beings and selling products from it in the form of pies, etc . on the market” Speaking about the role of the court in suppressing this wrongdoing, we note that the competence of the special session included the issue of considering cannibalism cases . Hunger, and as a result cannibalism, spread throughout the country, and caused a certain brutality of the population . The recurrence of cannibalism in the Chelyabinsk region arose during the hunger-bitten war years, for the first time such facts were recorded in 1943

Military-Administrative and Demographic Aspects of the Kuban Cossack Settlements Formation on the Adagum Cordon Line in the Trans-Kuban (1860s)

Based on documentary materials, this paper reviews the development of Northwestern Caucasus by the Cossacks in the 1860s. For the development of new territories, a defensive-offensive strategy was used. With the help of fortified settlement structures, the advancement and retention of Russian borders in the trans-Kuban areas were carried out.
 The “inducted” settlements are of particular interest because they were invariably tied to the cordon lines during the settlement period of the Trans-Kuban region. Among them, Cossack villages were the most stable settlement type. The focus of the scientific problem is the civil-settlement aspect and the military-organizational narrative of the Adagum cordon line. Historical settlements arose from a complex interweaving of politics and geography, power, and settlement modus vivendi, reflecting not only the Cossacks' way of life but also their identity.
 The purpose of this paper is to analyze and determine the significance of the Cossack settlement structures throughout the regional historical process to understand the process of development of the Trans-Kuban areas and the emerging network of fortification objects with key settlement structures in the form of fortified stanitsa settlements, as well as the penetration of Russian influence into a new area of the historical region of Kuban.
 This article is intended for historians and anyone interested in the history of the Cossacks.

Formation of Villages of Psekup Cossack Regiment on Northwestern Caucasus (1864—1871)

Based on documentary materials, the article examines the settlement of the Cossack villages of the Psekup Cossack regiment and the description of the resettlement movement in the North-Western Caucasus. The author focuses, first of all, on the civil-settlement aspect, since historical settlements arose from a complex interweaving of politics and geography, power and settlement way of life, reflecting not only the way of life familiar to the Cossacks, but also the Cossack identity. The Psekup Cossack Cavalry Regiment, which was both a military unit of the Kuban Cossack army and an administrative unit within the Kuban region is considered. It is emphasized that, in fact, a military-civilian administration was formed with the maximum sphere of competence in this territory. The problematic aspects of surveying and land use in the Cossack villages of the regiment are revealed. The purpose of the study is to analyze the processes of development of the Trans-Kuban spaces in the form of fortified stanitsa settlements, as well as the penetration of Russian influence in a new area of the historical region of Kuban. The author comes to the conclusion that the villages of the Psekup cavalry regiment were interconnected with the regimental military organization, acting as a stronghold for securing Russian positions in the TransKuban region.

An Oirat Sphero-Cylindrical Helmet and Arming Cap from the Central State Museum Collection of the Republic of Kazakhstan

We describe an unusually shaped riveted sphero-cylindrical iron helmet and an accessory arming cap made of fabric (Cat. No. 2067/8), owned by the Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan. On the basis of museum documents, we reject the former geographic attriЬution-Semirechye, southeastern Kazakhstan. !nstead, we demonstrate that the items come from the former Cossack village Magnitnaya (presently Magnitogorsk, Southern Urals). Typological analysis indicates that the helmet falls within the interval between the 1610s to early 1700s. The closest parallels are from Western Mongolia, Tibet, and Southern Siberia. We hypothesize that artisans who manufactured such helmets were inspired Ьy the idea of the Вuddhist stupa ("suЬurgan" in Kalmyk). The likely customers were 0irat Вuddhist warriors. This is the first helmet of such type that may Ьe attriЬuted to the Volga Kalmyks-people of the westernmost 0irat enclave in Eurasia. This modifies our views on the Kalmyk armor of that period. The specimen could have got to the Southern Urals as a trophy, diplomatic gift, or barter. It could also have belonged to a Kalmyk warrior who had settled in the land of Bashkir or Kazakhs. The accessory headgear, with a white woolen padding, is shown to be an arming cap. This is the only known original Oirat headgear of such type, dating to the 17th or 18th century.

К вопросу о формировании историко-культурного каркаса малых исторических поселений на прибрежных территориях реки Дон в Ростовской области

The article submits an analysis of historical and cultural framework of small historical settlements (Cossack villages) located on the coastal territories of the Don River in the Rostov Region and compositional dominants that are regarded as elements of the public space of the architectural and compositional core of the historical and cultural framework. Theoretical aspects concerning the modeling of the hierarchical structure of the historical and cultural framework are scrutinized. There have been studied two small historical settlements, namely, the Cossack villages of Veshenskaya and Razdorskaya. The author analyzes the structure of the historical and cultural framework at several spatial levels, in particular, at the level of open public spaces in the center of the Cossack villages. Compositional dominants are surveyed as elements of the public space of the architectural and compositional core of the historical and cultural framework. Taking into account the study results, the author makes conclusions regarding the process of formation of public spaces in the structure of the architectural and compositional core of the historical and cultural framework of the Cossack villages of the Rostov region.

Локальные особенности коммуникации советской власти и казачьего населения Кубани в 1920-1922 гг.: хроника станицы Старонижестеблиевской

The article is devoted to consideration of local features of communication between the Soviet government and the Cossack population of the Kuban in 1920–22 on the example of the chronicle of life of Staronizhesteblievskaya stanitsa. Using traditional methods of system analysis, retrospective and comparative approaches to historical research, the authors have set a task of identifying mechanisms for strengthening Soviet power and organizing its interaction with the population in the Kuban villages. The Cossack population was distinguished by its conservative worldview and for most part participated in the Civil War on the side of the White movement. Identification of features of the relationship between the Soviet authorities and the Cossack population of the Kuban in the early Soviet period (1920–22) is relevant for national historical science, as it shows that repressive vector in the system of communication of victorious political forces with individual ethno-social groups and society as a whole was possible, but not mandatory. The novelty of the research lies in consideration of economic, social, and political processes occurring at the grassroots level of the South of Russia rural society, in a Cossack village. Relying on methodological provisions of microhistoric approach, according to which the objects of scientific analysis are historical events and phenomena at the local level, the authors have analyzed socially significant phenomena in the rural society of Staronizhestebliyevskaya stanitsa, revealing features of the Cossack population integration into the Soviet society. The article introduces into scientific use documents of the village revkom and higher Soviet authorities, which highlight social confrontation within the rural society. They show how the Soviet government searched for and implemented mechanisms of combating the “green” insurgency and sabotage of the prodrazverstka, using preventive arrest, confiscation of property, taking and executing hostages. Having reconstructed the chronicle of life of Staronizhesteblievskaya stanitsa in 1920–22, the authors conclude that the Soviet government set a course for confrontation with the wealthy and middle-class Cossacks in its system of communication with the Cossack population of the Kuban in the early 1920s, designing and testing a repressive model of interaction with those disagreeing with political and economic transformations. The study has been carried out on the basis of materials from the State Archive of the Krasnodar Krai. Its results can be used for comprehensive characterization of the Soviet authorities’ activities in the era of their formation and strengthening (1920–22) and of the Kuban Cossacks adaptation to the new model of state and society.

К вопросу о реконструкции службы и быта священно-церковнослужителей Кавказской области в первой половине XIX века

The clergy of the North Caucasus were a specific and small group of the population of the region, on whose shoulders the Church and the State were entrusted with very important and significant official tasks in terms of coverage and depth of influence on the minds of people. Together with the word of God, they had to bring the light of enlightenment, change the forms of community life and transform the mores that reigned in the region, in which violence and trampling of human life was almost commonplace. At the same time, they were charged not only to free their hearts from filth and hatred, not only to instruct and guide people to the truth, but to inspire love for the imperial fatherland, as well as obedience and respect for the imperial authorities. The life and ministry of these people took place in difficult conditions of developing natural-climatic or social cataclysms that plunged the population into a state of uncertainty or fear. Many and everyday threats demanded great endurance, self-control, and sometimes heroism from the clergy in order to remain true to their chosen destiny. These people were involved in everyday events unfolding in the region, participated in interethnic communications, acted as peacekeepers, and helped the offended and suffering. At the same time, along with everyone, they were exposed to the dangers of wartime, died at the hands of villains or mountain riders, hostile to Russians, died at their post, healing and comforting the settlers in Cossack villages and villages during frequent epidemic diseases in the region in the first half of the 19th century. A lot of work was brought by the clergy to convert people of heterodox confessions and even criminals to the Christian faith, saving their souls and returning people to the world to continue their creative existence.

The Old Believers’ “Schism” in the Don Cossack Host Region in the Early 20th Century According to the Clergy Records of the Don and Novocherkassk Diocese

Introduction. This article represents an analysis of the state of the Old Believers’ “schism” in the Don Cossack Host Region (Province or Oblast) in the early 20th century: determining the Old Believers’ concords existing in the region, as well as their numbers and localization. Methods and materials. The empirical base of this article consists of a complex of archival documents, the clergy records, which represent the clerical documentation of the churches of the Don and Novocherkassk Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. The member churches, as well as the numbers of the Old Believers and their belonging to different concords, were recorded in those documents on an annual basis. This is the first time that the statistical component of the complex of those sources is introduced into the scientific operation. The methodological base of this article is represented by the principles of scientific objectivism and systematicity, which are traditional for historical science. Based on those principles, we could reveal and correctly determine the complex of historical sources, while their systematic study provided the opportunity to make conclusions on the state of the Old Believers’ community of the Don Region in the early 20th century, to reveal the Old Believers’ concords (persuasions), which were popular in the Don Cossack Host Region in the period under examination, and to determine their localization peculiarities). Analysis and results. As a result of the analysis, it was found out that in the territory of the Don Cossack Host Region there lived representatives of both concords: those who recognized the hierarchy (“Popovtsy”, i.e. priesthood followers) and those who did not (“Bespopovtsy”, i.e. not following priesthood). The former were represented by “Beglopopovtsy”, i.e. fugitive priesthood followers, and the Austrian (Belaya Krinitsa) concord, with the latter divided into “Okruzhniki”, i.e. followers of the 1862 Epistle, and “Neokruzhniki”, i.e. those who did not recognize it. The “Bespopovtsy”, along with a large group whose membership was not provided, were divided into “Pomortsy” (coastal church followers), “Pomortsy-Brachniki” (coastal church followers recognizing the marriage), and “Sredniki” (Wednesday tradition followers. As compared to the results of the First General Census of the Russian Empire, the Old Believers’ population had decreased in the region, still comprising more than 5% of the total number of the local residents. The major part of the Old Believers was localized in the First and the Second Don Okrugs (districts). Most representatives of all concords lived in the Cossack yurt (small settlement) in the stanitsa (Cossack village) of Nizhny Chir. The characteristic feature of the Old Believers of the Don Region was their conflict-free living side by side with representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church, with co-believers, and with those following different concords.

ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРИБРЕЖНОЙ ТЕРРИТОРИИ СТАНИЦЫ СТАРОЧЕРКАССКОЙ В РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article analyzes the formation of a Cossack village on the coastal territory of the Don River in a historical and architectural-compositional context. A retrospective of the formation of the Cossack village of stanitsa Starocherkasskaya from the 18th century is considered until now. The author focuses on both architectural and compositional aspects and historical background that influence the formation of the image of the Cossack village. In addition, the main social aspects that influenced the integration of the coastal area into the structure of a small historical settlement are identified. For the coastal area of the Starocherkasskaya Cossack village (stanitsa), the author identifies three key periods of formation and integration into the structure of the settlement. The first is the period during the 18th century. The second is the period from the 19th to the middle of 20th century. The third is the period from the second half of the 20th century to the present. Each period is considered in detail. This is of great importance in the formation of the Starocherkasskaya Cossack village (stanitsa), and in particular the coastal area as the most important component in the structure of the settlement. Five basic principles for the formation of the structure of the Cossack settlement are formulated and the role of the coastal territory in this process is indicated on the basis of analysis of historical cartographic material

Two Sieges of the Cossack Village of Sarkand in August 1918 on the Pages and Maps of the Diary of N. D. Koltz

The paper presents the so-called diary of a White officer — lieutenant colonel of the Siberian Cossack Nikolai Dionisievich Koltz. As our research has shown, it is more correct to call it the journal of military operations of the White partisan Cossack detachment. This historical source makes it possible to reconstruct a little-known episode of Russian Civil War in the region of Semirechye in Central Asia — two sieges of the Cossack village of Sarkand by the Reds in August 1918. During these sieges, the Cossacks of the Lepsinsky and Kopalsky counties of the Semirechensk region, who rebelled against the Soviet government, successfully repulsed several assaults of the village by the Red Guard detachments sent to pacify the uprising from the city of Verny (now Alma-Ata). A distinctive feature of this document is the accompaniment of the text by three croquis showing the course of military action during both sieges of the village.

A Postcolonial Reading of Nikolai Gogol’s Taras Bulba

The sixteenth-century Cossacks became the favorite topic of Ukrainian authors of the nineteenth century who dealt with national and individual identity issues. Nikolai Gogol, the celebrated Russian author who had Ukrainian origin and was born in a Cossack village, wrote the epic romance of Taras Bulba, which narrated the story of Cossacks and their struggle for preserving their independence. While the work has been previously studied under the light of postcolonial theoretical framework, using the concepts developed by Homi Bhabha to scrutinize the situation and the destiny of the two main hybrid characters, Taras Bulba’s sons, takes a step further and reveals the deeply ingrained anxiety and ambivalence in the Cossack mentality. The article focuses on the two main hybrid characters who choose divergent paths upon encountering the conflict brought to them by the imperial power.

ВЫСЕЛЕНИЕ ХАКУЧЕЙ В ОСМАНСКУЮ ИМПЕРИЮ И КУБАНСКУЮ ОБЛАСТЬ (1864-1870): ПРИЧИНЫ, ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ, ИТОГИ

The article dwells upon the reasons, process, and consequences of the Khakuchi forced migration to Turkey and the Kuban region after the end of the Caucasian War. The Khakuchi was a small group of the Adyghes, who lived in mountains not far from the Black Sea in the middle of the 19th century. The forced migration of the group started in spring 1864 and took several years. The resettlement was a result of numerous military expeditions, aul and food reserve destruction. Only after that, most of the Khakuchi migrated to Turkey, and a smaller part resettled to the Kuban region. However, several small groups continued hiding in the mountains. Due to persistence and resilience, skillful use of the mountain landscape and natural resources, the Khakuchi managed to avoid mass eviction, some of them still remained in their homeland. Small groups of the captured Khakuchi settled in Cossack villages between Novorossiysk and Tuapse, as well as in military districts near the rivers Psezuapse, Ashe, and Kudepsta. The highlanders had to teach the peculiarities of farming in local conditions to the new residents of the Northwest Caucasus. Later, the Khakuchi who had earlier been resettled to the Kuban region began to return as well. Contemporary Black Sea Shapsugs are mostly descendants of the Khakuchi.

Шатровый дольмен у станицы Царская, 1869 г., Северо-Западный Кавказ: конструкция и археологический контекст

This paper presents the results of archive and field investigations allowing us to reconstruct the architectural features, construction, basic dimensions, building stages, archaeological, chronological and cultural contexts of the unique multisided dolmen with a pyramidal (domed) roof, excavated by Nikolay Lvovich Kamenev in 1869 in North-Western Caucasus near the stanitsa (Cossack village) of Tsarskaya (modern Novosvobodnaya).

ЖАЛОВАНИЕ ГАРНИЗОНА НАЕМНИКОВ ЭПОХИ МИТРИДАТОВЫХ ВОЙН: ФОНТАЛОВСКИЙ КЛАД (IGCH 1143)

A hoard of didrachmae from the Cossack village of Fontalovskaia (Krasnodar Region) is a unique homogeneous assemblage of the largest denomination of Bosporan silver coins from the Age of Mithridates VI. The results of X-ray fluorescent investigation of 480 didrachmae presented here suggest that the alloy contained only about 30–40% of the precious metal. From the find-spot of the hoard next to one of the main strategic roads controlled by the large settlement of Fontalovskaia 1, 6, the unprecedented size of the amount and the peculiarities of the hoard composition (the homogeneity of the coins represented only by the largest denomination and the absence of traces of circulation on most of them) there are reasons to be consider with a high degree of confidence that this money was intended to provide a salary for the contingent of Mithridates’ mercenaries defending this important area of grain production on the Fontalovskii Peninsula.

ЮБИЛЕЙНЫЕ ОТРАДНЕНСКИЕ ЧТЕНИЯ 2020 В КУБАНСКОЙ СТАНИЦЕ: ОБЗОР СБОРНИКА КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ К 160-ЛЕТИЮ КУБАНСКИХ КАЗАКОВ

The reason for writing the article was the publication of a collection of materials from the anniversary readings of Otradnaya, dedicated in 2020 to the 160th anniversary of the formation of the Kuban Cossack army. The relevance of the study of local history and local historiography is determined by the latest trends in the development of historical science in Russia and in the world. Today, studies of the Cossack village everyday life in the South of Russia are an important and relevant component of agrarian history. Therefore, it is of great interest to study the historical, archival, local history and archaeological activities of the Otrad-nensky regional society of historians and archivists in the village of Otradnaya, Otradnensky district of the Krasnodar Territory.

Local Self-Government among the Cossacks of Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries

This article is the first comprehensive study of the development of Cossack estate selfgovernment in Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan in the 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as of its role in the local system of administration. The author demonstrates that Cossack self-government in Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan developed in five stages. Discussed are the bodies of Cossack village administration, the effectiveness of its activities, and the scope of its authority. The Cossack village administration was included in the system of military and state local government, had an estate character and an undemocratic system of representation. It could not make independent decisions on a wide range of administrative and economic issues without involvement of the military and local government bodies. The author concludes that due to the lack of zemstvos in Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan, Cossack village administration and peasant self-government played an important role in the structure of local government. As a low-level institution, it facilitated the establishment of relations between the Cossack population and state power; this system was based on the principles of paternalism and statism. As an integral part of the Siberian Cossack army, a stanitsa administration with powers determined by the imperial authority lasted until the fall of the Russian Empire after the February Revolution 1917.

HE BLACK SEA AND THE SEA OF AZOV IN UKRAINIAN COSSACK EPOS

This article describes the attempts of Ukrainian historians of the 1920s–1930s, in particular, Mykhailo Hrushevsky, to actualize the significance of sea as a geographical and natural sub-foundation of the territorial history of Ukraine. These efforts were necessary to revise and dismantle the imperial construct of “Novorossiya” (literally “New Russia”). Hrushevsky was interested, first of all, in the Cossack era (late 16th–18th centuries) and the era of repopulation of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov coastal areas after liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich. Mykhailo Hrushevsky’s ideas drove the research work by Kateryna Hrushevska, who published in 1927–1931 a two-volume corps Ukrainian Folk Dumas in search of field materials that could prove the organic relation of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov with historical life of Ukrainians. Kateryna Hrushevska pointed out the publication of a duma about the seafaring adventure of Oleksiy Popovych in The English and Scottish Popular Ballads by Francis James Child (1882–1898) – it was presented as a parallel to the Scottish ballad Brown Robyn’s Confession. The text of a Ukrainian folk duma was thus included to a broad circle of folklore songs popular among seafaring peoples (meaning Swedish, Norwegian and Danish folk ballads). Kateryna Hrushevska focused on the study of ritual practices related to a departure to the sea, particularly those recorded by the ethnographer Vasyl Kravchenko in 1926 in Berdiansk. It provided a basis for the study of folklore works and customs of seafarers as a separate social group. Hrushevska also reviewed the field records made by the renowned Ukrainian artist and ethnographer Porfyrii Martynovych. His archives contained, in particular, the texts of folklore prose concerning the Sea of Azov, recorded during 1897–1902 in the Cossack village of Veremiivka in the Zolotonosha Povit (district) (in the 1950s, the village was flooded due to construction of Kremenchuk Hydroelectric Power Station). These texts under the general title What Zaporozhians Were are the fables in which Zaporozhians are associated with the image of Jesus Christ (this approximation took place on the basis of realization of the soteriological function of Cossacks in the history of Ukraine). Folk narrators considered Cossacks not only knights but also the “righteous of God”, and therefore, they were attributed the ability to “sit on water like on the ground” (evangelistic stories depict Jesus Christ who can “walk on water”). In the course of sacralization of the image of a Zaporozhian produced by collective work, his verbal portrait attained the features of a saint and a bogatyr, the birth of which has mythological explanation (this is a very old man in a white shirt). Memorialization of Cossacks is related to the experience of their Triumph and their Tragedy (meaning the destruction of the Sich), which on the whole has created the image of a Zaporozhian as a hero and defender impersonating the idea of chosenness. The hydronyms of Ukrainian heroic epos, particularly the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, became an important marker of the Cossack space with its triumphs and defeats.

Рельефная «мегарская» чаша c Елизаветинского городища

The article is devoted to a moldmade “megarion” bowl accidentally found at the territory of Maeotian fortified settlement at Elizavetinskaya Cossack village (Prikubansky District of Krasnodar city). The vessel is attributed to the class of relief bowls with vegetal and floral ornament. The allocation of the ornament in horizontal zones is peculiar to bowls of “Ephesian-Ionian” group. Its shape and proportions are more compliant to Attic examples. By morphological and ornamental attributes the bowl is dated to the last quarter of the 3rd century BC — the first quarter of the 2nd century BC.

Погребение 40 из раскопок некрополя Артющенко II

The article is a publication of a burial no. 40, one of the most interesting complexes discovered during the investigation of the ground necropolis of Artyushchenko II located at the southern part of the Taman peninsula, about 15 km to the south-west of the Cossack village Taman. The burial can be dated to the edge of the first and the second quarter of the 5th century BC. It can be considered as a standard for men’s burials at the necropolis of Artyuschenko II.