Cosmetology Procedures Research Articles

Evaluation of prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder among patients seeking orthodontic treatment in marathwada population

Body Dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychological complaint that has visions concerning faults in overall well-being of an individual for which cases explore different treatment modalities. Cases with BDD commonly consult for cosmetological procedures amongst which orthodontic treatment considered commonly. The study was adopted to assess the occurrence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Marathwada population. A sample size of 183 patients with different degree of malocclusive traits answered the given the BDD-YBOCS questionnaire form, while the acuteness of malocclusion was assessed with a rating scale. From total of 183 patients No BDD was seen among 58 (31.7%) patients while 116 (63.4%) had mild BDD, 9 (4.9%) reported with moderate BDD and none of the patients had severe Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Significantly higher number of BDD positive patients [98 (78.4%)] as opposed to 15 (29.3%) BDD negative patients were concerned with teeth as compared to face, hair or other body parts with statistically highly significant difference between the groups (χ2=49.219, p<0.001**). This study concluded that Body Dysmorphic Disorder can be diagnosed with its prevalence being 4.9% in the total sample of 183 patients. Face and Dentition are majorly affected. BDD affected samples in study population were majorly males (63%) and even reported previous history of orthodontic consultations. While treating patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder Orthodontists should be accustomed to the clinical variations encountered in BDD and should always include certain questions regarding BDD during history taking.

Building program "wellness" for the correction of the figure of women of the first mature age

This article examines the importance of an approach to health and weight loss through the prism of the concept of Wellness in women. "Wellness" is a global approach to health care, covering physical, emotional and social well-being. The author emphasizes the importance of integrating "Wellness" into everyday life in order to achieve a sustainable and comprehensive approach to maintaining health and achieving weight loss goals.
 The article discusses the key components of wellness for women, including physical activity, nutrition, stress management, and psychological well-being. Practical tips and recommendations aimed at creating a healthy lifestyle adapted to the individual needs of women are provided.
 The article also emphasizes the importance of self-respect and a positive attitude towards one's body. "Wellness" calls for understanding the unique needs of each woman and creating a harmonious balance between physical and emotional well- being. The article provides practical advice on how to integrate simple exercise and healthy skills into women's busy daily lives.
 The following methods were used to achieve the goal: theoretical analysis and data processing, descriptive method, classification, systematization and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, sociological research methods and methods of mathematical statistics.
 The research was carried out at NUFVSU, at the Department of Health, Fitness and Recreation, as well as at the fitness studio "GLOW FLY&DANCE" in Kyiv. Women in the first period of adulthood who work in the fitness studio "GLOW FLY&DANCE" took part in the research. The total number of women is 40.
 Considering the effectiveness of a complex of wellness programs in correcting the figure of women in the first period of adulthood, a complex of high-interval training, cosmetology procedures, SPA procedures, as well as general nutritional recommendations was selected.
 Prospects for further research. Further research will be aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed program.

The role and place of the pharmacist-cosmetologist in the choosing and implementation of a cosmetology procedure for hair removal

In modern cosmetology, the issue of the availability of highly qualified specialists in accordance with the needs of the industry and the implementation of effective cosmetology procedures is acute, which actualizes research on the formation of a patient-centered model of providing medical and pharmaceutical assistance of aesthetic cosmetology. The aim of the work is to substantiate the role and place of the pharmacist-cosmetologist in the selection and provision of a cosmetology procedure for hair removal (CPHR) based on a conjoint analysis of consumer preferences for the specified service. Materials and methods. The main research material for this study included publications by both domestic and foreign scientists concerning aesthetic cosmetology services, consumer behavior regarding cosmetology procedures, professional competencies expected of a pharmacist-cosmetologist, as well as the results of a sociological survey conducted by the CPHR. The research methods employed in this study encompassed information search, synthesis, generalization, formalization, modeling, questionnaires, and regular conjoint analysis. Results. The most attractive methods of epilation were determined – electro epilation, elos epilation and laser epilation. It was established that the majority of consumers do not need a preliminary cosmetologist consultation, but want a consultation after. An algorithm for accompanying CPHR by a pharmacist-cosmetologist was developed. The relevant aspects of pharmaceutical care of CPHR were defined. Conclusions. The conducted conjoint analysis indicates that women are primarily focused on the effectiveness of CPHR (electro epilation, elos epilation, and laser epilation are considered the most effective) and its cost, and then – on the supporting component of the service. The specialist can offer the client (patient) the choice of a method and directly carry out the procedure, having knowledge and experience in diagnosing the condition of the skin and its appendages and understanding the specifics of CPHR against the background of the pharmacoeconomic analysis. The modern Ukrainian model of pharmacist-cosmetologist training allows marketing requirements and accompanying the customer at CPHR. Prospects for further research – formation of an information array and development of pharmaceutical care (assistance) protocols for a pharmacist-cosmetologist in various cosmetic procedures.

ORGANIZATION OF SAFETY WHEN PROVIDING COSMETOLOGICAL SERVICES AND PREVENTION OF RISKS OF COMPLICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Introduction. The article presents the results of a medical and sociological study among consumers of cosmetology services regarding the quality of services and the state of safety, cases of infectious complications, problematic issues of regulatory support. The aim of the study. To establish the risks and factors of complications and diseases of infectious origin as a result of performed cosmetology procedures.
 Materials and methods. Bibliosemantic, medico-sociological research among consumers of cosmetology services, analysis of current regulatory documents, medico-statistical, system analysis and logical generalization methods were used.
 Research results and their discussion. According to the results of a medical and sociological study, a relationship between cosmetology services and infectious complications was established in 23% of respondents. 10% of consumers of cosmetology services had a history of contraindications, as well as allergic reactions to cosmetic products and materials, 29% have a tendency to allergic reactions, but continue to carry out cosmetology procedures. 93% of respondents are cautious and do not rule out the possibility of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, parenteral viral hepatitis B and C, as well as fungal, staphylococcal and other infections in case of non-compliance with the anti-epidemic regime and the rules of asepsis. Based on the analysis of the regulatory and legal support for the development of the field of cosmetology and the prevention of infection in the field of services for the public, it was found that there is a direct connection between the irregularity of cosmetology practice and the spread of diseases, including those of infectious origin, which leads to the insecurity of consumers and poses a threat public health.
 Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted research, cases of infectious complications among consumers of cosmetology services have been established, which are related to the non-regulation of the activity of the field of cosmetology in legislative, regulatory and regulatory documents. In order to minimize risks, prevent infectious complications and preserve public health, it is necessary to adopt and improve at the state level normative legal acts related to cosmetology, to settle the issues of personnel training, to bring the standards of safety approaches in cosmetology closer to the level of the standards in force in the industry Health Care.

Modern approaches to the correction of age-related skin changes in women

The article is devoted to the literature review on the correction of age-related skin changes in women. Skin aging is a physiological process that is caused by the constant action of unmodified factors, for example, endocrine disorders, shortening of telomeres, etc., in combination with periodic influence of modified (exposomal) factors. Ultraviolet radiation takes first place among external factors affecting the progression of degenerative changes in skin, however, in women, involutional changes in skin are primarily associated with a fading of synthetic function of ovaries. During the first five years from the onset of menopause, content of collagen fibers I and III types is reduced by 30% in combination with a further reduction of 2% annually for the next 15 years.Involutive transformations occur in all layers of skin and are visually characterized by the presence of wrinkles, roughness of the epidermal surface (with photoaging) or a decrease in its thickness (with chronic aging), dryness, pigmentation disorders in the form of uneven hyperpigmented spots, telangiectasias, oval deformations.Today, there are many methods of aesthetic correction of age-related skin changes. In the arsenal of a cosmetologist there are both invasive (PRP-therapy, microneedling, microneedle radio wave lifting, administration of preparations based on calcium hydroxyapatite, polylactic and hyaluronic acid, etc.) and minimally invasive (administration of botulinum neuroprotein, application of chemical acid peelings, IPL-therapy and laser polishing, photodynamic therapy) methods. Patients prefer minimally traumatic procedures due to the fact that they almost do not disturb the processes of socialization, however, each of these methods has both advantages and disadvantages.Modification of a woman life quality in peri- and menopause in form of changes in lifestyle and eating behavior, increasing physical activity, quitting smoking and limiting the use of alcoholic beverages is an integral part of therapeutic care. However, the appointment of menopausal hormonal therapy, including the use of estrogens, progestogens and combined hormonal drugs, allows to achieve a stable and long-lasting effect from cosmetology procedures and home care.

THE EFFECT OF MANDELIC ACID ON ACNE-AFFECTED FACIAL SKIN

As the technology of cosmetology procedures advances, new substances and hardware appear, the aesthetic meaning of the human body improves. Problematic oily facial skin causes psychological discomfort and affects people's quality of life, worsening their social and emotional wellbeing. Problems with oily facial skin include seborrheic dermatitis, acne.
 The aim of the study. To evaluate the effect of mandelic acid on facial skin affected by acne.
 Methods. Mixed method. The study was conducted in February - April 2023. A 23-year-old research participant was selected through targeted selection. The study applied: the method of comparative analysis in assessing facial skin parameters every second procedure. The monitoring method was chosen by evaluating skin changes with the help of the diagnostic device WOOD LAMP. The testing method was chosen by measuring the level of acne prevalence in the epidermis. The client's 4-chapter card was used to collect anamnesis; the use of cosmetic products at home, lifestyle, health and skin condition were examined.
 Results. After a course of procedures, a lower level of skin inflammation, skin sensitivity, fewer rashes and pigment spots, small capillaries are barely noticeable, only a network of cracked capillaries can be seen in larger areas of the face.
 Conclusions. Mandelic acids effectively reduce inflammatory processes in facial skin affected by acne, promote faster skin regeneration, and do not cause severe skin necrosis. In the central part of the face, the elements of the rash and the inflammatory area of the skin decreased significantly.

From sonar to ultrasound examination of the skin - development and characterization of the method

The development of aesthetic medicine and cosmetology procedures has resulted in an increase in the number of complications and adverse events. Specialists performing exertions in this area more and more often raise the necessity of better and more reliable skin diagnostics at the highest available level, which contributes to the safety of treatments as well as reduces the number of complications. A diagnostic method that allows objective and non-invasively images of individual layers of the skin is high-frequency ultrasound. The aim of the study was to present the current scope of knowledge on ultrasound examination of the skin based on the available literature. Subsequently, the development of the method, the physical basis for the formation of the ultrasound image, the types of apparatus and probes used in skin examinations, the ultrasound image of the skin, and the parameters that can be assessed are discussed. As the analysis of the literature and the authors’ own experience showed, high-frequency ultrasound examinations in the field of aesthetic medicine and cosmetology may find a wider application.

Understanding Melasma-How Can Pharmacology and Cosmetology Procedures and Prevention Help to Achieve Optimal Treatment Results? A Narrative Review.

Melasma is a chronic skin condition that involves the overproduction of melanin in areas exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Melasma treatment is long-term and complicated with recurrence and resistance to treatment. The pathogenesis of melasma is highly complex with multiple pathologies occurring outside of the skin pigment cells. It includes photoaging, excessive melanogenesis, an increased number of mast cells, increased vascularization, and basement membrane damage. In addition, skin lesions related to melasma and their surrounding skin have nearly 300 genes differentially expressed from healthy skin. Traditionally, melasma was treated with topical agents, including hydroquinone, tretinoin, glucocorticosteroids and various formulations; however, the current approach includes the topical application of a variety of substances, chemical peels, laser and light treatments, mesotherapy, microneedling and/or the use of systemic therapy. The treatment plan for patients with melasma begins with the elimination of risk factors, strict protection against ultraviolet radiation, and the topical use of lightening agents. Hyperpigmentation treatment alone can be ineffective unless combined with regenerative methods and photoprotection. In this review, we show that in-depth knowledge associated with proper communication and the establishment of a relationship with the patient help to achieve good adherence and compliance in this long-term, time-consuming and difficult procedure.

Body image dissatisfaction and body regulation practices

Introduction Body image dissatisfaction as negative evaluation of personal physical characteristics is often associated with low self-esteem, eating and affective disorders. What body regulation practices can people resort to when they are dissatisfied with their body image?Objectives The goal is to determine body image practices that help people to reduce tension caused by dissatisfaction with their body image.MethodsWe obtained the data by using a focus group technique. The group comprised 43 healthy undergraduate university students of both genders. Afterwards, the data were subject to analysis and systematization.ResultsThe findings revealed 11 variants that represent the spectrum of body regulation practices, which semantically can form three groups. The first group combines adaptive regulation practices that help people successfully adapt to actual life situation, develop their capabilities concerning their physiology, personality, intellectual interests, and image making. The second group combines compensatory regulation practices that mainly focus on one of the sides of body regulation, which bear a certain threat to their health (weight control, building up muscle bulk, medical cosmetology procedures, body modification). The third group includes non-adaptive body regulation practices associated with high risk to their health and personal wellbeing (auto-aggressive, hetero-aggressive, and psychopathological).ConclusionsInformation about preferable body regulation practices used by people who are dissatisfied with their body image can help predict health hazards and disorders, as well as work out targeted prevention programs.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

A study of preferences of instrumental cosmetology consumers

A high demand for cosmetology among patients of various ages encourages the study of consumers’ needs and queries regarding instrumental cosmetology procedures. Aim of the work was to study the structure of consumers’ preferences of instrumental cosmetology procedures and to determine the factors of preferences in a group of young people for further use in the work of cosmetology facilities for shaping their marketing strategy. Materials and methods. Methods of information retrieval, synthesis, generalization, formalization, and questioning were used in the study. Research articles by domestic and foreign scientists regarding the instrumental procedures, the formation of consumer characteristic of cosmetology procedures, and the results of a consumer survey were used as the material for the study. Results. The consumers were surveyed using a specially designed online questionnaire, with the respondents’ consent and confidentiality compliance. 202 consumers of instrumental procedures took part in the survey. Respondents answered 11 questions regarding their attitude, awareness, trust and frequency of using various cosmetology procedures. A careful examination of the survey results revealed that in the “youth” group, a small part of the segment belongs to men, which encourages further research on reasoning, preferences, etc. of the male segment. Conclusions. The research enabled to study the structure of the consumers` preferences in instrumental cosmetology procedures and to determine the factors of their advantages in the study group. The priority information channels are the most trustworthy for the “youth” segment – social networks and communication with a cosmetologist. The results obtained are planned to be implemented in the work of cosmetology facilities to improve the quality of care and service.

Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Skin Diseases Treatment

The hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) involves the use of 100% pure oxygen in conditions of increased pressure, exceeding atmospheric pressure. This allows the supply of several times more oxygen to internal organs and blood serum than when using standard pressure. HBOT has proven to support the treatment of autoimmune skin diseases, complications of metabolic diseases and burns, as confirmed by clinical studies. In addition, this therapy can also be used to improve the physiological condition of the skin after cosmetology procedures. The aim of this work is to review information on the therapeutic effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of skin diseases, especially atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, diabetic foot, second degree burns and complications after cosmetic procedures. The review was based on the works published in the last twenty years (1999-2019), available in the following databases: PubMed, GoogleSchoolar, PEDro. The use of HBOT is becoming more common in the treatment of skin complications of diabetes, as well as burn wounds. It is estimated that HBOT reduces the risk of foot ulcers and amputation in diabetic foot syndrome. In addition, HBOT promotes faster healing of burn wounds, also with the use of allogenic skin grafts. By increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hyperbaric oxygen therapy significantly supports the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Despite this, the exact mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen are still poorly understood, and the use of HBOT in the treatment of skin diseases has not yet been included in treatment protocols.

Changing face of dermatology – A paradigm shift

Over the last three and half-decade of my life, I have seen the changes in dermatology and marked paradigm shift towards procedural dermatology and cosmetic dermatology. Dermatosurgery clinics started in 1996, and lasers were procured in 2009, setting the tone for laser and cosmetic dermatology at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry. Cosmetic dermatology (aesthetic medicine/medical aesthetics) has now been recognized as a sub-specialty of dermatology. Dermatologists have supremacy over other aesthetic practitioners as they also treat visible as well as stigmatizing skin disorders. In the last two decades in India, more and more women are taking up dermatology to pursue aesthetic practice. Women in dermatology have started their association, the Women’s Dermatologic Society, and their journal, International Journal of Women’s Dermatology (IJWD). Skin lightening products are overwhelmingly used by women and are one of the world’s largest markets. Nowadays, aesthetic surgical procedures are done with a motive to earn profits. Cosmetology has gained tremendous interest in the world, especially in the United States of America. Much of its recognition is due to scientific research in the development of imaging techniques, drug therapy, and other nonsurgical methods lessening downtime for the patients. The focus in dermatology is shifting gradually from diseased skin to desired skin which people prefer. Hence, the journal CosmoDerma, gives cosmetology its due place. Moreover, there is an increase in the anti-ageing population in this world who don’t want their face wrinkles and aging skin changes. In the absence of world wars in recent times and the increasing longevity of man, the cosmetic industry/aesthetic industry is surging ahead despite the COVID 19 pandemic. Accreditation system to regulate the practice of cosmetology practice needed to be put in place in all countries. Many of these cosmetology practitioners are inadequately equipped to perform cosmetology procedures. There is a need for structured training and accreditation for cosmetic dermatology, aesthetic surgery, dermatosurgery, use of lasers, and hair transplantation.

Experience in using Topicream soothing cream CICA for rehabilitation of skin and mucous membranes after destructive dermatocosmetological procedures in combination therapy of dermatoses

The widespread introduction of the destructive methods of treatment into the clinical practice of dermatovenerologists is caused by the significant spread of benign skin and mucous neoplasms. At the same time, any effect on the skin — chemical, physical or mechanical — causes damage. Thus, patients using these procedures need proper care for damaged skin and mucous membranes to prevent secondary infection and scaring. Disruption of the epidermal barrier after removal of benign skin neoplasms, carrying out biopsy and chemical peels always requires application of topical agents promoting full recovery of the epidermis. In addition, many skin diseases are accompanied by inflammatory reactions, which are complicated by secondary infection. The use of drugs with anti­inflammatory and reparative properties reduces the duration of treatment and promotes skin recovery.Objective — to evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of using Topicream soothing cream CICA after derma­tocosmetological procedures on the skin and mucous membranes and to investigate the efficacy of its use at various skin and mucous membranes diseases including children.Materials and methods. The study included 57 patients aged 1 to 75 years with various skin diseases, benign skin and mucosal neoplasms, after punch biopsy and cosmetology procedures. Topical application of the Topicream soothing cream CICA on the damaged skin and mucosal areas was recommended to all participants of the study twice a day. Results and discussion. The use of the regenerating cream after dermatological treatment of benign skin neoplasms with apparatus methods, chemical peelings and punch biopsy, as well as the auxiliary treatment of skin diseases such as cheilitis, herpes, perianal fissure, allergic contact dermatitis (including in children) localized in folds and on the face, contributes to a significant reduction in signs of inflammation and subjective sensations, as well as rapid healing of the affected skin surface. At the same time, there is a good tolerance and the absence of side effects of Topicream soothing cream CICA, which allows it to be widely used in clinical dermatovenerology, gynecology and pediatrics.Conclusions. High efficiency and safety of Topicream soothing cream CICA allow its widespread use in clinical practice of dermatovenerologists, gynecologists and pediatricians.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety and depression levels in patients who applied to the cosmetology unit.

The relationship between the skin and the brain is based on their origin from the same ectodermal structure, as well as being affected by similar hormones and neurotransmitters. At this point, psychodermatology forms a common field of study based on the relationship and interaction between psychiatry and dermatology. Cosmetology is a special group within dermatology, and the psychosocial needs of this group differ. In this study, it was aimed to examine the moods such as anxiety, fear and depression experienced by the patients during their application to the cosmetology unit during the COVID‐19 pandemic process and to compare them with the control group. A total of 162 cases, 80 cases from the cosmetology unit meeting the specified conditions and 82 cases as the control group, were retrospectively evaluated. In all participants, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) scores decreased significantly compared to the beginning of the pandemic (P = .001). In the study, while depression (HAM‐D) and general anxiety (HAM‐A) were higher in the cosmetology group compared to the control group (P = .049 and P = .001, respectively), there was no difference in coronavirus anxiety scores (CAS) (P = .24). It should be known that patients who underwent cosmetological procedures during the pandemic period may have anxiety and depression. In this patient group, which requires a special psychodermatological approach, pandemic effects should also be considered. In patients who apply to cosmetology units during the pandemic period, attention should be paid to the relationship between surreal cosmetological process requests and their anxiety and depression state.

Hydrogel-Based Active Substance Release Systems for Cosmetology and Dermatology Application: A Review.

Hydrogels are playing an increasingly important role in medicine and pharmacy. Due to their favorable physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and designed interaction with living surroundings, they seem to be one of the most promising groups of biomaterials. Hydrogel formulations from natural, semi, or synthetic polymeric materials have gained great attention in recent years for treating various dermatology maladies and for cosmetology procedures. The purpose of this review is to present a brief review on the basic concept of hydrogels, synthesis methods, relevant mechanisms, and applications in dermatology or cosmetology. This review discusses transdermal therapies and the recent advances that have occurred in the field.

Practical aspects and algorithms for using Cellular Matrix intradermal implant and platelet-rich plasma autologous thrombin activation technology in practice of cosmetologist

The article describes the practical aspects of the use of modern injectable preparations rich in platelets with additional activation by autologous thrombin and in combination with hyaluronic acid (Cellular Matrix). Practical recommendations are given on the optimal injection technique, tactics for constructing courses of procedures in a mono version and in combination with hardware cosmetology procedures. The key points of interaction with patients who have indications for aesthetic correction are analyzed.

Diseases of the Ocular Surface Associated with Eyelid Makeup and Eyelash Extensions. Clinical Examples

The environmental factors influence, quite often, negatively affects the state of health. Many of them, such as smoking, deterioration in ecology, uncontrolled alcohol intake, are in detail studied in terms of harm to a human body. Nevertheless, new technologies which action is insufficiently studied, are actively introduced into modern life. So, the use of cosmetology procedures can be a striking example. Now the prevalence of such procedures as eyelash extension, a permanent make-up a century, botulotoxin injections in a periorbital zone, assumes a wide scale. In foreign and domestic literature there are more and more messages about development of the complications which arose owing to use of the above-stated procedures. There are two clinical examples from our practice in this article. They demonstrate the complications which arose after holding a procedure of eyelash extension — acute toxic-allergic conjunctivitis and after a permanent make-up — a chemical burn of a cornea. In these clinical cases of a complication arose due to aggressive action of a chemical basis of the glue applied at eyelash extension and cream-anesthetic which is applied on eyelids before a permanent make-up a century. Treatment of patients included antiinflammatory, antihistaminic, antibacterial therapy and also a long course of the tear replacement therapy applied as keratoproteсtive therapy and for prevention of development of a dry eye syndrome. Considering scales of prevalence of cosmetology procedures in recent years, it is necessary to inform specialists and patients on potential risk of development of the complications connected with the above-stated procedures. The clinical examples given in the article and literature data, demonstrate that in case of cosmetology procedures complications it is necessary to carry out timely rendering the qualified medical ophthalmologic care. It is connected with the fact that, quite often, the cosmetology manipulations, even positioned as harmless, in particular, a permanent make-up of eyelid and eyelash extension can lead to heavy complications, up to vision loss.

Current Concepts about the Etiology of Dry Eye Syndrome

The revolution in understanding the etiology and clinical manifestations of the disruption of the tearing process and the development of dry eye syndrome (CVS) has occurred in last 20–30 years. It has been established that the loss of the tear film homeostasis can occur not only because of a violation of systemic and autoimmune disorders, but also as a result of a blinking disorder and distribution of the tear film over the ocular surface. Therefore, new pathogenetic disease development mechanisms have been identified. The prevalence of diseases of the ocular surface and CVD in recent years has increased significantly. It is mostly caused not only by scientific discoveries in the field of understanding, for example, the etiological and pathophysiological role of the neurosensory mechanism of development of CVS. An important aspect is the emergence of new risk factors that potentiate the development of ocular surface diseases and CVL. These factors include the use of various drugs — antidepressants, antihistamines, hormone therapy, and others; instillation of eye drops — antiglaucoma drugs, etc., as well as the appearance of little-studied factors such as cosmetology procedures (eyelids tattooing, eyelash extensions, botulinum toxin injections for aesthetic purposes, etc.). They are carried out in proximate close to the eye and eyelids, causing multiple pathological reaction. The experience of observing patients, literature data, and the conducted study have showed that various cosmetological effects in the periorbital zone, whose popularity has increased in recent years, may cause the appearance of iatrogenic dry eye syndrome. The following most vivid clinical examples will help, encountered in our practice, to illustrate the data presented. Collecting the anamnesis, it is necessary to identify the presence of risk factors for the development of diseases of the ocular surface and CVD, to eliminate them, if possible, and to carry out adequate pathogenically based therapy.

Homeostasis Changes of Tear-Producing System with the Background of Cosmetic Procedures in Periorbital Area

Modern ophthalmological practice is inseverable linked with cosmetology and esthetic medicine. Every year, the number of patients, especially women, who received various types of cosmetology procedures (botulinum toxin injections, eyelash extensions, eyelid tattooing, dermal fillers injections, etc.) in facial area increases, in particular in the periorbital zone.Purpose: to conduct a comprehensive assessment of clinical and functional parameters characterizing the state of the ocular surface and the tear-producing system in case applying cosmetic procedures in the periorbital area (Botox injections, eyelid tattooing, eyelash extension).Patients and methods. The study included 106 women (212 eyes). Exclusion criteria: early postoperative period after ophthalmosurgical intervention, acute inflammatory diseases of anterior and posterior eye segment, glaucoma, the presence of intraocular pathological changes (hemophthalmia, detachment of the eye membranes, tumors). The average age of the patients included in the study was 36.37 ± 9.0 years.Results and discussion. The results of a comparative evaluation of two groups of patients — a group with a history of cosmetic procedures (tattooing the eyelids, botulinum toxin, dermal fillers, eyelash extensions) in the periorbital zone and patients who did not use such procedures, has showed that cosmetic procedures affect on the clinical and functional eye surfaces state and on morphofunctional state of meibomian glands. Thus, the frequency of detection of symptomocomplex of dry eye syndrome was on 36 % more often determined in the group of patients received cosmetic procedures. It has been shown that the combined effect of cosmetological procedures (tattooing the eyelids, eyelash extensions, injections of dermal fillers and botulinum toxin in the periorbital region) aggravates the course and prognosis of Dry Eye Syndrome and meibomian glands dysfunction. A direct correlation between the severity of complaints characteristic of Dry Eye Syndrome and the number of procedures was found (r = 0.4982, p = 0.0000); the frequency of detecting complaints of dryness and discomfort and the number of procedures (r = 0.6427, p = 0.0000); compression test indices and the number of procedures (r = –0.4712, p = 0.0000); the frequency of occurrence of inflammatory reactions of ocular surface and the number of procedures (r = 0.3778, p = 0.0001). The risk of tear production disturbance — dry eye syndrome and dysfunction of the meibomian glands is higher in patients using botulinum toxin injections and eyelash extension in comparison with patients using eyelid tattooing and injections of fillers with hyaluronic acid in the periorbital zone.

Pattern of demand and cosmetology procedures in a specialized regional outpatient clinic

Pattern of demand and cosmetology procedures in a specialized regional outpatient clinic