Cosmetic Value Research Articles

Value addition of wild apricot fruits grown in North-West Himalayan regions-a review.

Wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) commonly known as chulli is a potential fruit widely distributed in North-West Himalayan regions of the world. The fruits are good source of carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals besides having attractive colour and typical flavour. Unlike table purpose varieties of apricots like New Castle, the fruits of wild apricot are unsuitable for fresh consumption because of its high acid and low sugar content. However, the fruits are traditionally utilized for open sun drying, pulping to prepare different products such as jams, chutney and naturally fermented and distilled liquor. But, scientific literature on processing and value addition of wild apricot is scanty. Preparation of jam with 25% wild apricot +75% apple showed maximum score for organoleptic characteristics due to better taste and colour. Osmotic dehydration has been found as a suitable method for drying of wild type acidic apricots. A good quality sauce using wild apricot pulp and tomato pulp in the ratio of 1:1 has been prepared, while chutney of good acceptability prepared from wild apricot pulp (100%) has also been documented. Preparation of apricot-soy protein enriched products like apricot-soya leather, toffee and fruit bars has been reported, which are reported to meet the protein requirements of adult and children as per the recommendations of ICMR. Besides these processed products, preparation of alcoholic beverages like wine, vermouth and brandy from wild apricot fruits has also been reported by various researchers. Further, after utilization of pulp for preparation of value added products, the stones left over have been successfully utilized for oil extraction which has medicinal and cosmetic value. The traditional method of oil extraction has been reported to be unhygienic and result in low oil yield with poor quality, whereas improved mechanical method of oil extraction has been found to produce good quality oil. The apricot kernel oil and press cake have successfully been utilized for preparation of various value added products such as facial cream, lip balm, essential oil and protein isolate with good quality attributes and consumer acceptability. However, no scientific information on utilization of shells remained after kernel separation is available, but the shells are traditionally utilized for burning purpose during winters by the farmers. Therefore, it seems that every part of wild apricot can be utilized for conversion into value-added products and commercial utilization of this fruit will certainly add value to this underutilized fruit and also increase the economy of farmers.

Molecular and morphological characterization of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Chilean vineyards

Mealybugs are major pests of grapevines worldwide. They cause economic losses by lowering the cosmetic value of fruits, reducing yields, transmitting viruses and resulting in the quarantine or rejection of produce in international trade. Knowledge of the species present in a vineyard is important for the adjustment of management strategies. We surveyed and accurately characterized the mealybugs infesting vineyards in one of the main production areas of Chile; 164 mealybugs were sampled from 26 vineyards in four regions of Chile and identified by DNA sequencing for two markers (cytochrome oxidase I and internal transcribed spacer 2) and morphological examination. Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) was the most common species, followed by Pseudococcus meridionalis Prado and Pseudococcus cribata González. Molecular variability at the COI and ITS2 loci was observed in both P. viburni and P. cribata. A comparison of haplotypes of P. viburni worldwide provides support for a recent hypothesis that this species is native to South America, a finding with direct consequences for management. Neither Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni & Tozzetti) nor Planococcus ficus Signoret were found.

Effect of Salt, Drought and Metal Stress on Essential Oil Yield and Quality in Plants

Essential oil extracted from plants is of high commercial value in medicine, cosmetics and perfumery. Enhancing yield and maintaining the quality of oil is of significant commercial importance. Production of oil in plants is dependent on various biotic and abiotic factors to which the plants are subjected during their growth. Plants are exposed to various degrees of stress on account of natural and human-induced factors. Salinization, drought and presence of heavy metals in the substratum cause substantial effect on the yield and quality of bioactive constituents in the oil. In many plants, the level and kind of stress have detrimental effects on the growth and development. This review provides an account of the studies on some common abiotic stresses to which essential oil plants are exposed during their growth period and their influence on quality and quantity of oil. The yield and quality vary in different plants and so is the response. Enhancing essential oil productivity is an important challenge, and understanding the role played by stress may offer significant advantages to the essential oil farmers and processing industry. Scientific evaluation of the data on many important but unexplored essential oil plants will also help in mitigating, ameliorating and minimizing the harmful effects caused by stress.

Transumbilical endoscopic surgery: History, present situation and perspectives

Transumbilical endoscopic surgery or laparo-endoscopic single site (LESS) surgery has become an exciting area of surgical development as innovation continues to move in the 21(st) century to minimally invasive surgery. The history, present situation and perspectives are reviewed and the nomenclature of this technique is discussed in this article. The range of this technique has been applied in almost all abdominal diseases, surgeries for morbid obesity, hernia and so on, in recent years. It is estimated that 50%-80% of traditional laparoscopic surgery could be performed transumbilically in the next five years according to the LESSCAR consensus. Although the concept of transumbilical laparoscopic surgery is gaining traction rapidly and the instruments have been improved greatly, we should not advocate for slightly improved cosmetic value over safety. Multicenter, randomized and clinical trials are necessary to further elucidate the safety and efficiency of this new technique. Research that examines the efficacy of the new instruments on the market may be helpful to simplify the confusing landscape of new and novel products designed for this purpose.

Seroma of the Auricle: Opening New Doors over the Window

ABSTRACTIntroductionA new novel technique was used to manage seroma of the auricle as a primary treatment.Materials and methodsTen cases of seroma or hematoma auricle was managed using aspiration and splint suturing which added a cosmetic value and also avoided a dressing. All cases were followed up regularly.ResultsPrimary aspiration and splint suturing was found to be a simple and effective treatment method for seroma auricle.

Comparison of Advantages and Disadvantages between SILS and NOTES

Minimal access surgery is the gold standard for several abdominopelvic procedures in the present era. The prime advantage withminimal access surgery is the minimal surgical trauma in comparison to the conventional surgery. The other advantages of laparoscopylike less operative time, less pain, early recovery and return to work and above all better cosmetics have been well proven.�Change isconstant in life,� SILS and NOTES are the two newly emerging novel techniques in laparoscopy. SILS is a new advancement inlaparoscopy, where the whole surgery is conducted through a single umbilical incision whereas NOTES is totally incisionless. In realsense, the incision in NOTES is not externally visible because of the natural orifices like oral cavity, vagina, urethra and anus that areused as entry sites. SILS have the advantages of better cosmetics, less blood loss, faster recovery, less complications, early return towork, versatility, better patient acceptance and easy tissue retrieval, etc. The critics are high cost, need of high expertise and morechances of port site hernia and infection. Similarly, NOTES has its edges over traditional laparoscopy surgery with the advantages ofhighest cosmetic value (no visible scar), less pain, requirement of less immunosuppressant and less anesthesia, faster recovery, andno external wound complications (hernia, hematoma and abscess). But it has also its own critics like questionable safety, unproven dataabout complications, requirement of high expertise, low patient acceptance, requirement of advanced endoscopic instruments, difficultyin closing internal wounds, intraperitoneal infection, gastrointestinal fistula and high cost. Poor acceptance is a major concern forNOTES.Aims: To explore the positive and negative aspects of above two procedures in order to find out the better option.

Seed yield components, oil content, and fatty acid composition of two cultivars of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) growing in the Arid Chaco of Argentina

Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. pterygosperma Gaertn [Moringaceae]) is a fast-growing small tree native to the sub-Himalayan tracts of Northern India. The recognition that moringa oil has value in cosmetics has increased interest in cultivating it for seed-oil. The experimental trials were conducted in a semi-commercial moringa plantation in the subtropical northwestern region of Argentina, considering the similar climate conditions to the plant native region. Pods per tree, seeds per pod, weight of seed per pod, kernel weight, kernels oil content and fatty acid composition of PKM-1 and African cultivars were determined. One individual, E4-9, a PKM-1 plant, had significantly (P<0.05) higher production than all other plants. In addition, this individual was the highest extrapolated oil producer in both 2003 and 2004, with 595 and 564kgha−1, respectively (ave. 580kgha−1). Seed weight (200-seed wt.) was significantly greater in 2003 than 2004; no other traits studied showed significant differences between years. Both cultivars produced-oil with practically identical fatty acid composition, and the monounsaturated ω-9 oleic fatty acid accounted for more than 70% of the total for both cultivars. The polyunsaturated ω-6 linoleic fatty acid content of the African cultivar was slightly, but significantly (P<0.05), higher than that of PKM-1.

Prooxidant and antioxidant behaviour of usnic acid from lichens under UVB-light irradiation – Studies on human cells

Natural compounds which can behave as antioxidants and protect against UV-radiation may well have medical and cosmetic value. Usnic acid, which can be obtained from lichens offer such a potential. The latter is one of the best known and reviewed compounds present in lichens and exhibits many properties of value such as antibiotic, antitumor and UV-filter-effects. We report studies of the potential antioxidant and prooxidant activity of usnic acid extracted from Xanthoparmelia farinosa (Vainio) using a human lymphocyte cell line (Jurkat-cells) under UV-B-irradiation. Cell survival and cell metabolism were determined using different conditions such as usnic acid concentration and UVB dose. Compared to the controls the cells incubated with usnic acid in concentrations of 1 × 10 −8 and 1 × 10 −6 M showed a higher cell survival and a normal metabolism under low doses of UVB-light up to 0.1 J/cm 2. When both higher UVB doses (up to 14 J/cm 2) and higher concentrations of usnic acid (1 × 10 −4 M) where used, the opposite effect was observed. It is concluded that these effects are due to bifunctional (a switch of) anti-oxidative–pro-oxidative behaviour of usnic acid under UV-B-irradiation.

Inhibitory Effects of 2-Amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one on the Melanogenesis of Murine B16 Melanoma Cell Line

Hyperpigmentations are a serious concern addressed by both the medical community and the cosmetic industry through the development of agents that block melanin biosynthesis. In this study, we found that 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one (APO), isolated from extracts of the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus Imbach, exhibited potent inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in B16 cells, a murine melanoma cell line. APO inhibited melanin biosynthesis at 1,000 times lower concentrations (IC(50)=1.31+/-0.08 microM) than kojic acid (IC(50)=1.31+/-0.13 mM), without causing cellular toxicity. APO did not directly inhibit the enzyme activity of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme. Further study showed that APO inhibited the protein expression of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a melanogenic transcription factor that regulates the expression of tyrosinase. These results suggest that APO is a promising depigmenting agent with both therapeutic and cosmetic value in preventing melanogenesis.

Identification of QTL underlying vitamin E contents in soybean seed among multiple environments

Vitamin E (VE) in soybean seed has value for foods, medicines, cosmetics, and animal husbandry. Selection for higher VE contents in seeds along with agronomic traits was an important goal for many soybean breeders. In order to map the loci controlling the VE content, F5-derived F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were advanced through single-seed-descent (SSD) to generate a population including 144 RILs. The population was derived from a cross between ‘OAC Bayfield’, a soybean cultivar with high VE content, and ‘Hefeng 25’, a soybean cultivar with low VE content. A total of 107 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map. Seed VE contents were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography for multiple years and locations (Harbin in 2007 and 2008, Hulan in 2008 and Suihua in 2008). Four QTL associated with α-Toc (on four linkage groups, LGs), eight QTL associated with γ-Toc (on eight LGs), four QTL associated with δ-Toc (on four LGs) and five QTL associated with total VE (on four LGs) were identified. A major QTL was detected by marker Satt376 on linkage group C2 and associated with α-Toc (0.0012 > P > 0.0001, 5.0% < R 2 < 17.0%, 25.1 < α-Toc < 30.1 μg g−1), total VE (P < 0.0001, 7.0% < R 2 < 10.0%, 118.2 < total VE < 478.3 μg g−1). A second QTL detected by marker Satt286 on LG C2 was associated with γ-Toc (0.0003 > P > 0.0001, 6.0% < R 2 < 13.0%, 141.5 < γ-Toc < 342.4 μg g−1) and total VE (P < 0.0001, 2.0% < R 2 < 9.0%, 353.9 < total VE < 404.0 μg g−1). Another major QTL was detected by marker Satt266 on LG D1b that was associated with α-Toc (0.0002 > P > 0.0001, 4.0% < R 2 < 6.0%, 27.7 < α-Toc < 43.7 μg g−1) and γ-Toc (0.0032 > P > 0.0001, 3.0% < R 2 < 10.0%, 69.7 < γ-Toc < 345.7 μg g−1). Since beneficial alleles were all from ‘OAC Bayfield’, it was concluded that these three QTL would have great potential value for marker assisted selection for high VE content.

Metallization Technology Expands Functional and Cosmetic Value to Plastic Parts

Metallization Technology Expands Functional and Cosmetic Value to Plastic Parts

Corrigendum: Are Nonprescription Medications Needed for Weight Control?

ObesityVolume 16, Issue 7 p. 1723-1723 Corrigendum: Are Nonprescription Medications Needed for Weight Control? First published: 06 September 2012 https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.241AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat George A. Bray Obesity 16, 566–571 (2008) Following the print publication of this article, the author noted that an acknowledgment of intellectual and financial support from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) was inadvertently omitted (1). The basis for this omission is described below and the acknowledgment made. About 5 years ago, Roche asked me whether I wanted to consult on their proposal to switch orlistat from a prescription to an over-the-counter (OTC) product. Following the withdrawal of phenylpropanolamine by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there were no OTC compounds for weight loss available to the public, only “herbal medications” which had little or no testing. Being a firm believer in availability of safe medications for use by the public, I accepted the offer and duly met with the Company and the FDA. The FDA laid out the plan of what was needed for a prescription to OTC switch. Roche then either sold or licensed orlistat to GSK to market as the OTC pill now called “Alli.” GSK subsequently asked me whether I was interested in writing a paper about the place of OTC medications in the treatment of obesity. This seemed like a good idea, and we originally planned to do it jointly with one or more people from GSK as co-authors on the paper. Their focus was on the potential value of orlistat (Alli) to reduce the public health burden of obesity. Believing, as Oliver (2) said in his 2006 book, that “The greatest share of the market for diet products is not made up of people who are trying to lose 200 lb, but by people who are trying to lose only 20 (p. 52)” my concern was largely with the balance between the risks and benefits that OTC products for weight loss bring to improving the quality of life, or cosmetic value that might result from use of this product, and not the public health message that it could improve “risk factors” for disease. With this divergence of opinion, the potential GSK co-authors decided that they should not be authors, so it became a single-authored paper. In the process of this change, I forgot to publish an acknowledgment to their help in writing the paper or for a travel grant they provided for me to attend the 10th International Congress on Obesity in Sydney, Australia. My discussions with them were beneficial, particularly their pointing out the existence of the National Business Journal which reviewed the use of products for weight loss and which was cited in the paper. I thus acknowledge both the intellectual contributions to this paper and the financial support for travel to the International Congress on Obesity. REFERENCES 1 Bray GA. Are non-prescription medications needed for weight control? Obesity 2008; 16: 566– 571. 2 Oliver JE. Fat Politics. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2006. Volume16, Issue7July 2008Pages 1723-1723 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Agronomic and seed quality evaluation of Camelina sativa in western Canada

Renewed interest in Camelina sativa is primarily due to the unique fatty acid profile of the seed oil and its potential value in industry, cosmetics and human nutrition. To exploit C. sativa in western Canada, more information is needed on the performance of this crop in this region. Following a preliminary evaluation in 2001, replicated agronomic trials were conducted in 2002 and 2005 with 19 C. sativa and three oilseed Brassica accessions at Saskatoon and Scott, Saskatchewan and Beaverlodge, Alberta. The C. sativa accessions matured relatively early and were more tolerant of drought and flea beetle infestations than the Brassica oilseeds. Some C. sativa accessions had seed yields competitive with those of the Brassica oilseeds, but seed size was significantly smaller. Seed yields and oil contents of all crop species tested were highest at Beaverlodge, the most northern location. The Brassica oilseeds generally had higher oil contents than C. sativa; the highest oil contents of each crop species tested were associated with the lowest protein contents. In general, average oil and protein contents for C. sativa ranged from 38 to 43% and from 27 to 32%, respectively; for the Brassica checks, oil and protein contents ranged from 38 to 53% and from 21 to 33%, respectively, across all species. Variation in fatty acid composition was higher among the C. sativa accessions than among locations, but overall the ranges of individual fatty acids were relatively narrow. The most abundant fatty acids were oleic (12.8–14.7%), linoleic (16.3–17.2%), linolenic (36.2–39.4%) and eicosenoic (14.0–15.5%). The prospects of developing improved C. sativa germplasm for particular western Canadian environments are good; of primary importance are increased seed size and oil content. Additionally, stand establishment, fertility requirements and broadleaf weed control options need to be investigated. Acceptance of this species as a new oilseed crop for western Canada will also require developing sustainable markets for the oil and meal. Key words: Camelina sativa, seed quality, agronomic trait, oil and protein content, fatty acid

A Comparison of Hair Quality and Cosmetic Acceptance Following the Use of Two Anti-Dandruff Shampoos

Dandruff is a chronic condition of the scalp requiring vigilant treatment to ameliorate the symptoms of scaling and itching. Frequent shampooing is key to controlling these symptoms while contributing to the cosmetic appearance of the hair. The success of the treatment depends not only on the ability of the shampoo to control the dandruff but also on patient compliance engendered by the cosmetic attributes of the shampoo. This double-blind cross-over study enrolled 40 women with mild to moderate dandruff. Following a 1-wk washout with an unmedicated basic cleansing shampoo, all subjects used each of the two study shampoos for 1 wk. Subjects preferred the 1% pyrithione zinc conditioning shampoo over the 2% ketoconazole shampoo by 75% in terms of overall performance. The dermatologist investigator confirmed the subject preference by noting that hair-combing ease, hair smoothness, and hair frizz/flyaway were statistically significantly better in subjects who used the 1% pyrithione zinc conditioning shampoo for 1 wk. This study suggests that hair condition is an important consideration in the treatment of dandruff due to compliance.

The role of carotenoids in consumer choice and the likely benefits from their inclusion into products for human consumption

Abstract To the consumer, appearance is one of the most important attributes affecting choice of purchase. For food, colour is ranked alongside freshness as one of the main criteria governing selection. Naturally occurring carotenoid pigments, such as astaxanthin and canthaxanthin, may be applied in animal feed so that the resulting food products are appealing to the consumer. Whilst arguably, these pigments may be seen to be of cosmetic value, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin are both known to exert benefits on animal health and welfare. Evidence suggests that carry-over of these pigments into the human food chain could also be beneficial to human health too.

Efficient, Inexpensive Laser Source in the Yellow for Portwine Treatment

Lasers are becoming more and more important in clinical management of dermatoses because of their selectivity and cosmetic values. The present report is on new laser sources, based on the efficient conversion of a 532 nm laser into 562 nm and 595 nm lasers, by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) from organic liquids.

THE BIOLOGY OF HAIR CARE

Most hair damage occurs as a result of grooming habits and chemical exposure for cosmetic purposes. An evaluation of hair structure and biology points to the need for better protective mechanisms from cuticular damage and UV damage to maintain the cosmetic value of the hair. Through the cooperative efforts of dermatologists and cosmetic chemists, better hair care products can be developed. The dermatologist needs to elucidate the mechanism through which products can enhance hair shaft functioning, whereas the cosmetic chemist needs to identify substances and develop formulations to accomplish the desired end.

Outcome Analysis of Mitrofanoff Principle Applications Using Appendix and Ureter to Umbilical and Lower Quadrant Stomal Sites

Purpose We compared the indications for and results of application of the Mitrofanoff principle using appendix and ureter to umbilical and lower quadrant stomal sites. Material and Methods We created continent catheterizable conduits in 60 patients 3 days to 20 years old (mean age 8.8 years). The primary indication was refractory urinary incontinence associated with bladder or cloacal exstrophy, or anomalies in 31 cases. We constructed 38 umbilical (all appendix) and 22 lower quadrant (10 appendix and 12 ureter) stomas. Mean followup was 3 years. Results We preferred the umbilicus as a stomal site for its cosmetic value. The most common indication for a lower quadrant stomal site was preservation of the retroperitoneal course of the ureter. The stomal stenosis rate was 13 and 4 percent in patients with umbilical and lower quadrant stomas, respectively. We preferred the appendix as a conduit due to availability. Indications for the ureter as a catheterizable conduit were absence of an adequate appendix or presence of a healthy ureter after nephrectomy. The appendiceal and ureteral conduits were catheterizable in 94 and 84 percent of patients, respectively, and continence was achieved in 97 percent. Conclusions In a complex group of patients with incontinence application of the Mitrofanoff principle yielded good results for either combination of stomal site or catheterizable conduit. Appendicovesicostomy to the umbilicus remains our preferred procedure.

Outcome Analysis of Mitrofanoff Principle Applications Using Appendix and Ureter to Umbilical and Lower Quadrant Stomal Sites

We compared the indications for and results of application of the Mitrofanoff principle using appendix and ureter to umbilical and lower quadrant stomal sites. We created continent catheterizable conduits in 60 patients 3 days to 20 years old (mean age 8.8 years). The primary indication was refractory urinary incontinence associated with bladder or cloacal exstrophy, or anomalies in 31 cases. We constructed 38 umbilical (all appendix) and 22 lower quadrant (10 appendix and 12 ureter) stomas. Mean followup was 3 years. We preferred the umbilicus as a stomal site for its cosmetic value. The most common indication for a lower quadrant stomal site was preservation of the retroperitoneal course of the ureter. The stomal stenosis rate was 13 and 4% in patients with umbilical and lower quadrant stomas, respectively. We preferred the appendix as a conduit due to availability. Indications for the ureter as a catheterizable conduit were absence of an adequate appendix or presence of a healthy ureter after nephrectomy. The appendiceal and ureteral conduits were catheterizable in 94 and 84% of patients, respectively, and continence was achieved in 97%. In a complex group of patients with incontinence application of the Mitrofanoff principle yielded good results for either combination of stomal site or catheterizable conduit. Appendicovesicostomy to the umbilicus remains our preferred procedure.

Biliary stenting: cosmetic or clinical value?

Since the initial description of endoscopic placement of transpapillary stents, this technique has gained wide acceptance in the management of pancreatico-biliary diseases. We now know by and large what can be achieved and what the complications are. Studies comparing endoscopic and surgical treatment in pancreatic cancer patients show an initial advantage of the endoscopic method, which is partly counterbalanced by the late complications of stent blockage. Clinical studies are necessary to define better the subgroups of patients that benefit most from the various treatment modalities. Further improvement is necessary to solve the problem of late stent occlusion.