Cosmetic Treatment Research Articles

Optical evaluation of internal damage to human hair based on second near-infrared window polarization microscopy.

Hair beauty treatments glorify human life. As a side effect, there is a risk of deteriorating the health of the hair. Optically polarized microscopy has been used for many decades to evaluate hair conditions owing to its ease of use and low operating costs. However, the low biopermeability of light hinders the observation of detailed structures inside hair. The aim of this study is to establish an evaluation technique of internal damages in a hair by utilizing a near-infrared (NIR) light with a wavelength of 1000-1600 nm, called "second NIR window". We built a laser scanning transmission microscope system with an indium gallium arsenide detector, a 1064 nm laser source, and optical circular polarization to visualize the anisotropy characterization of keratin fibres in hair. Samples of Asian black hair before and after bleaching, after permanent-waving, after lithium bromide (LiBr) treatment, and after heating was observed. Some parameters reflecting intra-hair damage were quantitatively compared with the parameters in digitally recorded images with analytical developments. The light transmittance of black hair was dramatically improved by utilizing the second NIR window. Numerical analysis of circular polarization in hair quantified the internal damage in chemically or thermally treated hair and found two different types of damage. The present method enabled quantitative evaluation of the condition changes in the cortex; for example, a decrease in circular polarizability by LiBr treatment and restoration by replacing the LiBr solution with water. In addition, black speckles were observed after the heat treatment. Longer heating and wetting times increased the appearance probability and size of the speckles. According to quantitative analyses, the emergence of black spots was independent of polarizability changes, indicating that they were not pores. Circular polarization microscopy based on near-infrared optics in the second NIR window provides an effective evaluation method for quantifying intra-hair damage caused by cosmetic treatments. The present method provides noninvasive, easy, and inexpensive hair evaluation and has potential as a gold standard in hair care research/medical fields.

Cosmetic considerations after breast cancer treatment.

Treatments for breast cancer can have an array of adverse effects, including hair loss, scarring, and irritated skin. These physical outcomes can, in turn, lead to body image concerns, anxiety, and depression. Fortunately, there is growing evidence that certain cosmetic therapies can improve patient self-image. Here we review various cosmetic treatment options including hair camouflage, eyebrow and eyelash camouflage, treatments for hirsutism, nipple and areola tattooing, post-mastectomy scar tattooing, treatments for dry skin/xerosis, removal of post-radiation telangiectasias, and lightening of post-radiation hyperpigmentation. For each patient concern, we report potential procedures, clinical evidence of impact on quality of life, special considerations, and safety concerns. This article aims to equip dermatologists with resources so that they may effectively counsel breast cancer survivors who express treatment-related cosmetic concerns.

Expanding the Frontiers of nail product evaluation: Novel application of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for assessing crosslinking density and predicting nail brittleness and flexibility.

While modern industry advancements have expanded nail beautification options, scientific literature primarily focuses on nail biology and medicine, with limited attention on cosmetic treatments. This study aimed to investigate human nail denaturation properties, including gender impact, blending nails to enlarge the sample pool, nail sensitization through bleaching, and active effectiveness testing. The objective was to understand the DSC and bending fatigue relationship, and define the consumer relevance of the DSC test. Nail clippings were collected from adult female and male volunteers. The wet DSC was employed to validate sample preparation, explore the effects of gender, and assess the potential of using blended nails for claims substantiation testing. Nails were sensitized through bleaching using hydrogen peroxide. The effects were confirmed through DSC and nail flexure tests. Furthermore, the ability of actives to address concerns related to nail softness and brittleness was assessed using these techniques. The results confirmed the viability of equilibrating nails in water for up to 14 h as a standardized testing method. The denaturation temperature results were independent of gender and suitable for claims substantiation testing. Blending nails from different sources did not yield significant variations in denaturation properties. A preliminary study suggested that cadaver nails should be used with caution because they exhibited differences in denaturation temperature, influenced by the sampling location. Bending fatigue tests highlighted the significance of humidity, with higher humidity conditions (80%) enhancing nail flexibility and providing better resolution for claims substantiation. Sensitizing the nails with hydrogen peroxide induced alterations in both DSC and bending fatigue results. Proof-of-principle studies demonstrated an elevation in denaturation temperature and a decrease in the number of cycles to break, indicating a nail-hardening effect when formaldehyde was applied. The use of a nail softener led to an enhancement in nail fatigue resistance due to a notable reduction in nail crosslinking density. The measurement of crosslinking density proved to be a sensitive tool for assessing the effects of cosmetic treatments on nails, particularly in predicting outcomes related to nail brittleness and flexibility.

Chemical bonds and hair behaviour-A review.

When undertaking any review of the structure of the hair and its mechanical properties it becomes apparent that the overall behaviour of keratin fibres is commonly attributed to the presence of hydrogen, disulfide and ionic bonds. The action of physico-chemical agents used during various cosmetic treatments is viewed as the result of an interaction with these bonds. Thus, the breaking of bonds by chemical agents, or via mechanical or thermal stresses, affects the relative balance of disulfide and hydrogen bonds and the contribution of hydrophobic interactions, which are all important factors that may alter hair behaviour. Generally, these chemical bonds are considered as responding homogeneously to the environmental and cosmetic factors. This unitary image is challenged, however, by evaluating the results of chemical, nanomechanical, tensile and thermal measurements, which suggest that disulfide bonds may be grouped into several types, according to their location within the fibre and the way they respond to various agents. A compensatory effect of newly formed hydrogen bonds for broken disulfide bonds may also be seen, and additionally involves different types of hydrogen bonds. As a result, the picture of chemical bonding in hair appears to be far from a homogeneous one. In addition, it is apparent that further investigation is required for clarifying the action of ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions within the hair fibre. The present review aims, thus, at offering a deeper background for understanding how the hair behaves under various conditions.

Acne Vulgaris Triggering Factors in Females at Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common disease in teenagers. It is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous units. Objective: To see the effect of different factors like age, skin type, diet, cosmetics, family history and pornographic material on acne. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Dermatology Department of Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital, Nangarhar from August 2021 to March 2021. The study consisted on a sample of 120 subjects including 60 cases of acne and 60 controls. The data was entered in a structured close-ended questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to see the effect of different factors on acne. Results: Age was below 20 years in 68 percent of patients and 38% of controls. Amongst patients 12% and amongst controls 7% were married. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (p = 0.001), odds ratio (0.288), Confidence interval (0.136–0.612) siblings history (p = 0.007), odds ratio (2.786), confidence interval (1.329–5.841), skin type (p = 0.000), dry skin (p = 0.173), odds ratio (0.449), confidence interval (0.142–1.422), oily skin (p = 0.002), odds ratio (3.925), confidence interval (1.684 9.146), cola drinks (p = 0.048), daily drinks (p = 0.023), odds ratio (2.975), confidence interval (1.159–7.636), cosmetic used (p = 0.004), odds ratio (4.219), confidence interval (1.577–11.285) and frequency of application of cosmetics (p = 0.010), odds ratio (3.509), confidence interval (1.347–9.1)had significant effect on acne. Conclusion: Acne is a more common disease in teenagers; age greater than twenty plays a protective role against acne. Carbonated drinks, positive sibling history, cosmetic treatment and frequent use of cosmetics have a significant relationship with acne. It is more common in oily skin than dry and normal skin

Effects of Dermal Fillers on Vaginal Laxity and Female Sexual Function: A Minimally Invasive Procedure for Vaginal Rejuvenation

Introduction: For improving vaginal rejuvenation and minimizing vaginal laxity, the increased demand for soft tissue fillers may give females seeking such therapies the chance to have better general health and sexual performance. To address a wider range of female health issues, and support a more all-encompassing approach to personal wellbeing as cosmetic treatments improve, it is crucial to research the possible repercussions of these minimally invasive operations. Methodology: The strength of pelvic floor muscles was measured using the Laborie Peritron 9300 (Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA) perineometer. A 110 mm long conical vaginal probe with a 26 mm diameter, that may extend to 33 mm under pressure, is a characteristic of this device. The vaginal probe is connected to the perineometer’s main body by an 80 cm plastic tubing. When the probe is squeezed, the gadget has a pressure sensor that tracks vaginal pressure. A silicone rubber sensor loaded with air is included into the probe itself, to detect pressure in cmH2O. The Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R) was used to measure the participants’ degrees of sexual distress, and this method made it easier to gauge the participants’ pelvic floor muscle strength. Results: The participants’ mean age was 39.43±2.12 years, and further demographic characteristics provided evidence that 44% of the participants were married for 10 years and had children; 36% were married for 5 years with no children; and 20% had been married for less than 5 years. Conclusion: Soft tissue fillers, which have shown a rise in popularity, are a viable means of resolving issues with vaginal elasticity and rejuvenation.

Description of the concern for dental aesthetics in dental students from UNIANDES, Ecuador

Oral diseases have a significant impact on aesthetics and well-being, particularly affecting adolescents. This developmental phase is marked by noticeable physical and psychological changes, where self-image and social perception become crucial and can adversely influence self-esteem. The study conducted in May 2023 at UNIANDES University, Ecuador, aimed to describe the oral health of dental students, analyzing how dental aesthetics affects perfectionism and self-worth. Classified as descriptive, observational, prospective, and cross-sectional, detailed questionnaires were administered to first-, fifth, and sixth-semester students, providing in-depth insight into the interaction of these factors in a university setting. The study found that concern for dental aesthetics increases with academic progression. Students in advanced semesters show a growing concern for the appearance of their teeth and are more willing to seek cosmetic dental treatments. This attitude is accompanied by a more frequent comparison with the teeth of others and an awareness of the social impact of their dental aesthetics. Such findings highlight a direct correlation between the level of study and dental self-perception, emphasizing the need to include psychosocial support in dental training. It is concluded that progress in the dentistry career entails a greater self-criticism of dental aesthetics, highlighting the importance of educational strategies to manage expectations and promote mental health

A comparative study between cryo-laser cryo-sclerotherapy and sclerotherapy in the treatment of telangiectasia and reticular veins: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTelangiectasias, characterized by dilated venules, are frequently observed in the lower extremities. Sclerotherapy stands out as the predominant treatment of these vascular lesions. The integration of laser therapy with a mild sclerosing agent, serving as an osmotic sclerosant, presents an enhanced cosmetic treatment approach, aiming to optimize outcomes and minimize potential adverse effects. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of cryo-laser and cryo-sclerotherapy (CLaCS) and compare it with injection sclerotherapy for the treatment of telangiectasia and reticular veins. MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, individuals expressing concerns about telangiectasia and reticular veins were recruited for aesthetic treatment. The enrolled patients were prospectively randomized according to the chosen treatment technique. Group A included patients undergoing CLaCS with 70% dextrose, focusing on a single area measuring 20 cm by 20 cm. Group B included patients receiving polidocanol injection sclerotherapy for a single area of the same dimensions. ResultsGroup A comprised 195 patients and group B comprised 197 patients. The rates of complete lesion elimination after the first, second, and third treatment sessions were 64.6%, 86.2%, and 100% in group A and 50.3%, 74.1%, and 85.3% in group B, respectively. Group A exhibited a significantly higher complete elimination rate compared with group B at the conclusion of the study (P < .001). Furthermore, group A demonstrated a statistically significant lower incidence of postprocedural pigmentation and other complications compared with group B (P < .001). These findings underscore the enhanced efficacy and safety profile associated with the CLaCS technique using 70% dextrose compared with injection sclerotherapy with polidocanol. ConclusionsCLaCS, combining cryo-laser and cryo-sclerotherapy, demonstrated superior efficacy and safety compared with traditional polidocanol sclerotherapy for treating telangiectasia and reticular veins.

Dietary Antioxidants May Support Cosmetic Treatment in Patients with Rosacea.

Rosacea is a chronic skin disease that significantly reduces the quality of life (QoL) of patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether dietary antioxidants can support the effect of cosmetic treatment in improving the QoL of patients with rosacea. Basic data about participants (N = 160) were collected using a self-reported survey. QoL was assessed using the standardized Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. An interventional cosmetic treatment was performed using cavitation peeling and sonophoresis with a commercial capillary repair serum. The study was registered as a clinical trial (NCT06271135). To assess antioxidant diet quality, for the first time, a new dietary antioxidant quality index (DAQI) was developed, which consisted of 12 items: dietary total antioxidant capacity, dietary polyphenols, phytosterols, lignans, vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, zinc, iron, copper, manganese and selenium. It was found that the highest tertiles of DAQI diminished the odds about 40-45% of the moderate, large and extremely large effect of rosacea on QoL and about 8-11% of the occurrence of rosacea symptoms compared with the lowest tertile. This study showed that rosacea has a negative impact on QoL, but a comprehensive approach to treatment, including antioxidant cosmetic treatment and dietary antioxidants, can improve the QoL of patients with rosacea.

Codium fragile extract prevents atopic dermatitis in DNCB-induced mice.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory-allergic skin disorder that causes pruritic and eczematous skin lesions. Effect of Codium fragile extract (CFE) on AD has not been reported yet. In this study, inhibitory effects of CFE against skin severity scores, skin lesions, AD characteristics, and histological features of BALB/c mice with AD caused by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were investigated. Results indicated that AD effects of CFE reduced body, skin, ear, spleen, thymus, and lymph node weights. Histopathological changes in skin reactions on the back and ears showed that CFE inhibited thickening of the epidermis and ear. Moreover, CFE reduced epidermal swelling and ear thickness compared with the DNCB group. These results suggest that CFE might be effective in alleviating AD with potential as a promising candidate for therapeutic and cosmetic treatment of inflammatory dermatitis. CFE may be useful in alleviating AD and could be a potential treatment for inflammatory dermatitis.

Development of a Semi-Dry Method for Measuring Drug Permeation into Skin Using an Electric Facial Care Device and Iontophoresis

Introduction: Percutaneous drug delivery systems are attractive not only as a therapeutic strategy but also for cosmetic treatment. Iontophoresis is a well-recognized method for promoting transdermal absorption of ionized compounds. Franz cells are generally used to estimate drug permeation of skin by iontophoresis. However, methods using Franz cells are less versatile; for instance, the method is unsuited for use with a portable electric facial care device having a working probe of a certain size and weight. In this study, we constructed a semi-dry apparatus for use with an electric facial care device. Methods: The apparatus has a multilayer structure consisting of mouse skin and 3 filter papers, modeled after the Franz cell. The skin permeation of the drug edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) was then measured using this apparatus. Results: Edaravone permeation depended on working time, drug concentration, and ionization ratio of edaravone when iontophoresis was carried out with an electric facial care device. Furthermore, glycyrrhizic acid, α-tocopheryl phosphate, retinoic acid, and ascorbyl palmitate, which are recognized as functional cosmetic materials, also permeated the skin by applying iontophoresis with the device. Conclusion: These results suggest that the developed measuring apparatus is applicable for use with a portable electric facial care device and that iontophoresis using a portable electric facial care device is potentially useful in the cosmetic field.

Why different types of patients seek cosmetic treatments.

The extent to which demographics drive patients to pursue minimally invasive cosmetic procedures is not well-understood. The aim of this project was to better understand how patient demographics impact motivations for cosmetic procedures, irrespective of the procedure desired. Patient-level information from the Cosmetic Motivation Database was evaluated using linear regression analyses to determine whether geographic region, age, gender, race, and education independently influence patients to pursue any cosmetic treatment or consultation. Patients in the Midwest reported fewer motivations related to cosmetic appearance, mental/emotional health, physical health, social life, and school/work success than those in the South. Patients younger than 45years reported more mental/emotional health and cost/convenience motives compared to older patients. Men noted fewer motives related to cosmetic appearance, mental/emotional health, and cost/convenience but more related to school/work success. Non-White patients reported more cost/convenience motives. Participants with up to a high school diploma cited more mental/emotional health, physical health, social life, and school/work success motivations than those with post-bachelor's education. College graduates cited more school/work success motives than those with graduate-level education. In summary, patient's gender, education, age, location, and race affect why they seek cosmetic treatments. Future research may study younger and less educated patients to improve their access to treatment.

Body dysmorphic disorder in adult orthodontic treatment candidates according to the index of treatment need

Objectives: Body image perception plays an important role in seeking orthodontic treatment. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychological condition where an individual constantly focuses on flaws in their appearance. This study aimed to assess BDD in adult orthodontic treatment candidates according to the index of treatment need (IOTN) in Qazvin city in 2020. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 404 eligible patients over 18 years of age presenting to dental clinics in Qazvin seeking orthodontic treatment. The patients were categorized according to their IOTN (grades 1–5) and filled out the Body Deformation Metacognition Questionnaire (BDMCQ). Data were analyzed by t-test and Analysis of Variance using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Of all the patients, 50.2% were grade 1 (no need for treatment),and 1.5% were grade 5 (very great need for treatment). Furthermore, 54.5% of patients had severe BDD. BDD had no significant correlation with gender or marital status (P &gt; 0.05). BDD was significantly correlated with age, educational level, and IOTN grade (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The present results revealed that over 50% of patients seeking orthodontic treatment did not need treatment, according to the IOTN. Dental clinicians are advised to be more careful in accepting patients with a history of psychological problems and numerous surgical procedures who seek cosmetic treatments.

(353) Gender-Specific Variations in Perception of Normal Genital Anatomy and Function

Abstract Introduction Understanding perceptions of “normal” genitalia and function can explain and predict trends in cosmetic and sexual health treatments. Previous studies reported male preferences for female genitalia appearance, but female opinion remains understudied. Objective We aimed to assess gender-specific variations in perceptions of “normal” genital anatomy and function. Methods A 54-item survey was developed using RedCap and distributed to volunteers aged ≥18 years through the ResearchMatch database from January to March 2023. We collected data on public perceptions of "normal" genital anatomy and function and sexual activity. Analysis was performed using JMP Pro 16. Results 649 participants initiated and 558 completed the survey (86% completion rate). 27.9% of respondents identified as male and 72.1% as female (Table 1). Compared to men, women believed men had larger testicles (24.5% vs. 10.3% believed one testicle was 60.1-90 mL, p&amp;lt;0.01), smaller breasts (45.5% vs. 35.9% felt “none” was normal, p&amp;lt;0.04), and shorter orgasms (55.0% vs. 44.9% felt orgasms lasted 2.6-5.0 seconds, p=0.03) (Table 2). 73.0% women vs. 56.4% men felt labia were darker than surrounding skin (p=0.01). More men than women felt the average woman required no supplementary vaginal lubrication (p=0.02) and that female orgasms lasted longer (12.2% vs. 5.7% believed orgasms lasted &amp;gt;12.5 seconds, p&amp;lt;0.01). Fewer men than women considered their genitals normal (75.0% vs. 89.4%, p&amp;lt;0.01). Conclusions Our results reveal gender-specific variations in perceptions of “normal” genital anatomy and function. Variations in perceived female sexual function were striking, with more men than women expecting spontaneous vaginal lubrication during sexual encounters and longer female orgasms. These differences have important implications for counseling patients on sexual health. Disclosure No.

(180) Unveiling Consumer Interest and Regional Disparities: Comparative Analysis of Online Search Trends for Penile Aesthetic Procedures

Abstract Introduction In recent years, the introduction of Penuma, an implantable silicone penile sleeve, offers urologists a tool in the cosmetic enhancement of the penis, specifically for individuals who are concerned regarding the perceived size of their penis, with buried penis, and with mild to moderate penile curvature. With the increasingly widespread adoption of Penuma, it is crucial to understand how public interest in Penuma compares to other related interventions such as hyaluronic acid injections. Objective To assess the online search interest over time for Penuma and other penile enhancement terms on a national and regional scale. Methods Google Trends data from 2018 to March 2021 were utilized to analyze online traffic for the search terms “Penuma”, “penile implant”, “penile girth”, “HLA injection”, and “penis injection”. Trendlines were generated to assess the changes in search interest over time. The highest search interest locations were identified for each term. Results While online searches for Penuma increased between 2018 through 2021, interest in Penuma has since been in decline (Figure 1). While interest in penile implants remained higher than Penuma throughout the study period, Penuma remained a more popular term compared to other cosmetic treatments including penile injections and HLA injections. In terms of regional disparities, the highest search interest for Penuma was observed in San Antonio, TX, while penile girth searches were highest in OKC, OK. Penile implant searches were prominent in Mobile, AL, and Birmingham, AL. Notably, HA injection searches peaked in New York, NY, and penis injection searches were most prevalent in Los Angeles, CA. Conclusions This study highlights the dynamics of online search interest of Penuma in relation to other penile enhancement terms. While general interest in penile implants and penile girth surpasses that of Penuma, regional disparities in search patterns are evident. The findings emphasize the need for further research to understand the factors driving these disparities and the implications for consumer decision-making in different regions. Such insights can assist healthcare professionals and policymakers in tailoring educational initiatives and resource allocation to meet the diverse needs and preferences of individuals seeking penile enhancement procedures. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Advisory board and speaker for Coloplast; consultant for Cynosure; advisory board and speaker for Halozyme; intellectual property with Masimo; advisory board for Promescent; consultant for Sprout; advisory board for Xialla.

Classified diagnosis and treatment scheme of oral cosmetic restoration based on aesthetic analysis (part Ⅰ): basic concept, decision tree and clinical pathway.

At present, the commonly used clinical protocols of oral comestic restoration are mostly based on the aesthetic indicators proposed by Western developed countries (referred to as Western aesthetics). Mechanically copying the Western aesthetic scheme, ignoring the difference between it and the Chinese oral aesthetic indicators (referred to as Chinese aesthetics), is unable to effectively support personalized cosmetic restoration diagnosis and treatment. In addition, new technologies and new solutions for cosmetic restoration, which are developing rapidly in recent years, are emerging one after another, but many popular concepts are confusing and lack of proper hierarchical diagnosis and treatment norms, and there is indeed an urgent need for discussion and clarity. From the perspective of serving clinical application, this paper discusses the deficiencies of the Chinese translation of the word "aesthetics", the diffe-rence and connection between aesthetics and cosmetology, and the relationship between cosmetic restoration and fixed restoration. It also discusses the difference between anterior teeth, esthetic zone and exposed zone, the diagnostic and therapeutic value of oral aesthetic analysis, as well as the application methods of desensitization, suggestion, and other therapies in difficult oral cosmetic restoration cases. We further introduce the decision tree and the clinical pathway for restoration and reconstruction of teeth in exposed zone guided by aesthetic analysis, and introduce the clinical process of aesthetic analysis and evaluation, the clinical triclassification of oral cosmetic restoration, and the corresponding clinical classification diagnosis and treatment points.

Hair Transplant Follicular Unit Extraction Technique as a Current Treatment Option for Androgenetic Alopecia

The therapy for androgenetic alopecia currently varies, and there is no generally efficacious form of treatment. Despite receiving therapy, a portion of individuals with alopecia still do not achieve the anticipated hair regrowth outcomes. The absence of efficacious medical intervention typically necessitates the exploration of alternative therapy modalities. A significant number of patients who do not get satisfactory results from medical treatment explore other therapeutic approaches, such as hair transplantation. Advancements in hair transplantation procedures have seen substantial progress since the 1960s. Men frequently seek hair transplantation, making it a popular cosmetic treatment. Over 11,000 operations took place in the United States in 2014. Commonly practiced contemporary hair transplant procedures include follicular unit transplantation (FUT) and follicular unit extraction (FUE). The FUE technique is gaining popularity due to its non-invasive nature, quicker recovery time, reduced post-operative discomfort, and fewer surgical scars, in contrast to the FUT approach.

Characterization of the mechanical properties of the cortex region of human hair fibers by multiparametric atomic force microscopy mapping

We show the benefit of the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in spectroscopy force mode (FV: force volume) for evaluation of the cosmetic active effectiveness in improving the mechanical properties of human hair fibers cortex region. For this, we characterized human hair fibers without and with chemical damage caused by bleaching process. Fiber and resin (embedding material) data were obtained simultaneously in the mapping in order to have the resin data as a reference to ensure a coherent comparison between data from the different fiber groups. Our AFM results, which were evaluated using statistical tests, demonstrated the degradation of fibers after bleaching, corroborating the findings of transmission electron microscopy analysis and the effectiveness of a cosmetic active ingredient in improving the Young's modulus (elastic modulus) (E) of the damaged fibers. We also found a radial decrease in the natural logarithm of Young's modulus ln(E) along the cross-section of the active group fiber, which is compatible with confocal Raman spectroscopy analysis by other authors, demonstrating variation of the active permeation with depth. We note that Young's modulus was also determined by a tensile tester (macro-scale technique), in which it was not possible to obtain statistically significant differences between the groups, evidencing the advantage of the FV-AFM analysis. We also found an increase in ln(E) accompanied by a decrease in maximum adhesion force between tip and sample (negative Pearson correlation coefficient). This result can be explained by the fact that structures composed of hydrophobic components have a higher Young's modulus than structures composed of hydrophilic components.•Bleaching damage and cosmetic hair treatment assessed by AFM, TEM, and tensile tester.•Young's modulus by AFM nanoindentation of hair fibers monitored by sample standard.•Young's modulus changes radially along the cross-section due to the cosmetic active.•AFM data show statistically significant differences among sample groups.•Tensile tester was not able to show statistically significant differences.

Halalan Toyyiban Concept in Cosmetics Services

The beauty industry has seen a lot of advancements over the years, with various cosmetic procedures and treatments being offered at clinics and medical spa premises. Nevertheless, for those who follow the Muslim faith, there is a need for halal services that cater to their religious beliefs. This is where the concept of halal and tayyib cosmetic services comes in. Halal and Tayyib services aim to provide good quality and safe treatments that are not only beneficial for Muslims but for everyone, regardless of their beliefs. By adhering to the principles of halal and tayyib, consumers can be assured that they are receiving safe and ethical cosmetic services. This paper has conducted a comprehensive review of databases to identify the key requirements for halal and tayyib cosmetic services. It is imperative to prioritize the safety and halal aspects of the ingredients and handling of these products. By doing so, we can protect our well-being and finances and avoid any potential complications.

Microneedling versus microcoring: A review of percutaneous collagen induction for the face and neck.

Microneedling (MN) and microcoring (MCT) are both methods used for percutaneous collagen induction. This minimally invasive technique involves creating controlled damage in cutaneous tissue to induce neocollagenesis and neoelastogenesis. MN utilizes solid microneedles and is commonly combined with radiofrequency (RF) to add thermal energy, while MCT involves hollow microneedles capable of removing excess tissue without inducing scar formation. The purpose of this review was to summarize recent literature for MN and MCT, with the goal of assisting clinical decision making regarding the use of these technologies. PubMed search was conducted for relevant articles published within the last 10 years. Scoping literature review was then performed with pertinent findings reported. Existing literature investigating MCT is sparse. Limited data on invivo, human effects of this technology exist. Two out of 14 studies in this review pertained to MCT. Additional high-powered clinical studies are needed to guide future cosmetic treatments with MN and MCT.