In a paper that received widely divergent reviews, Anjan Chatterjee surveys how novel treatments for motor, cognitive, and emotional disorders might enhance these systems in healthy individuals. Introducing such quality of life treatment of normal subjects raises ethical concerns. However, Chatterjee anticipates that there are unlikely to be major restraints on cosmetic neurology. see page 968 Stephen Hauser’s editorial, “The shape of things to come,” considers further implications of Chatterjee’s arguments and focuses on six emerging medical technologies—cosmetic pharmacology, human cloning, stem cell research, preimplantation genetic selection, genetic engineering, and artificial interfaces and nanotechnology—to argue for a unique role for neurologists as principal physicians of the human nervous system. He suggests that we should assume a central role in shaping the debate about the boundary between interventions used to promote or restore optimal health and those used for enhancement. He further suggests changes and additions to …