Cosmetic Formulations Research Articles

Optimisation of lactic acid production using cost effective agro residue for food applications

Sustainable lactic acid production using sugarcane bagasse.

Wormlike micellar solutions formed by an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant with two head groups.

Innovation in the molecular structure of surfactants is important for the preparation of soft materials with novel properties. In this study, we synthesized a cationic surfactant, N1,N1,N1,N1,N3,N3,N3-pentamethyl-N3-(3-stearamidopropyl)propane-1,3-diammonium bromide, hereafter referred to as C18-DQA. Unlike conventional cationic surfactants, C18-DQA contains two quaternary ammonium head groups and a long-saturated alkyl chain equal to a chain length of 21 carbon atoms. C18-DQA exhibits a low Krafft point of ∼0 °C and a water solubility >1000 mM at 25 °C. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of C18-DQA was determined to be 0.59 mM using the Nile red method. C18-DQA was mixed with sodium laurate (SL) at different molar ratios to produce transparent solutions with excellent viscoelasticity over a wide concentration range. The 1 : 1.5 molar ratio C18-DQA/SL mixed solutions exhibited gel-like behavior for a total surfactant concentration of 2.88 wt% (75 mM). The solution with a total surfactant concentration of 300 mM (120 mM C18-DQA and 180 mM SL) achieved a maximum zero-shear viscosity (η0) of 4224 Pa s. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the formation of extremely long wormlike micelles, with a cross-sectional diameter of 5 nm and contour length >3 μm, in the mixed solutions. C18-DQA and SL molecules were drawn close by electrostatic attractions, leading to a suitable molecular geometry for the extensive growth of wormlike micelles. This work will act as an important reference for the future preparation of highly viscoelastic solutions by mixing cationic and anionic surfactants. The proposed system is also expected to have potential applications in cosmetic formulations, home care products, and oilfield fracturing fluids.

Citrus waste fibres for natural cosmetic and bioplastic packaging

In this work new biocomposite materials from wasted citrus peels has been validated for a value-added packaging and novel cosmetic products. Specifically, extracted natural fibres and dehydrated pulp from citrus fruit were combined with polylactic acid and other additives as materials for the production of bio-based packaging jars and cosmetic products. For the composition of the packaging an orange powder (dehydrated wastes) was found to be the best performing, while orange comminute, which results from milling the orange peel, was most suitable for composition of the cosmetic formulations. Polylactic acid was compounded with citrus fibres by up to 25 wt.% by twin screw extrusion and processed via injection moulding, one of the most widespread processing technologies for producing rigid packaging containers. Composites were characterized, defining their mechanical, morphological and thermal properties. Validation of packaging thermostability performance was performed by Heat deflection temperature in compliance to ISO75 and VICAT softening temperature in accordance with ISO306. Compatibility tests of packaging demonstrators with newly formulated cosmetic products has been investigated as well. An accelerated compatibility test of the cosmetic jars with water and oil-based simulants was performed at ambient temperature, -5 °C, and at 45 °C. The results indicated that new cosmetic packaging are not consistent with water-based cosmetic formulations but are compatible with products based on natural oils. While the price of these products is generally higher than those using conventional plastics, they are competitive for premium cosmetic brands.

Endocrine disruptors and additives in cosmetic makeup products: Alert to users

Introduction: Cosmetic products contain a wide range of chemicals that we are exposed to daily. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of potentially hazardous substances that could cause adverse health effects by reviewing product labels facilitated by Capture images using Android phone. Materials and methods: In total, 105 makeup products were collected in different stores in the city of Lubumbashi, mainly mascaras, nail polishes, powders, lipsticks, liquid and powder foundations, blush. eyeshadow and blush as well as eyelid pencils. Each product's label was reviewed and a list including additives, preservatives, colorings, Endocrine Disruptors and Allergens, and chemicals of concern was created. Results: eyeshadows and blushes, foundations, and lipsticks contained the most additives and endocrine disruptors, followed by eyelid pencil and liquid foundation, nail polishes were the least supplied. This distribution seems to be the same for colorings and additives with allergic potential were numerous mainly in powders. In these makeup products; Mineral oils, parabens, black iron oxide, mica, titanium dioxin and synthetic perfumes were successively the most present. Added to this category are dyes (carbon black, brilliant red green, etc.) and additives with allergenic potential (limonene, citral, etc.) Conclusions: The use of many of these substances is authorized within certain limits, due to their toxicity at higher concentrations. Other important aspects must be taken into account, such as the possibility of long-term effects. On the other hand, other substances can cause several acute undesirable side effects, namely contact dermatitis and allergic reactions. For these reasons, improvement in the criteria used for cosmetic formulation is necessary since many chemicals used individually or in combination are potentially dangerous.

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Dermato-protective activities of Origanum vulgare extracts

Medicinal plants represent an economic and accessible natural reservoir of new molecules with biological activities. This study aims to investigate the potential use of "Origanum vulgare", a medicinal plant native to Skikda-Algeria, as a origin of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and photo-protective properties. To this end, the plant's extracts were tested in vitro using four different methods to measure their ability to inhibit free radicals. The extracts were also tested for their capacity to protect skin from sun's rays by measuring their sun protection factor (SPF). The obtained results showed that Origanum vulgare contained high levels of total polyphenols and flavonols with strong antioxidant and photo-protective properties in its extracts, thus suggesting its potential therapeutic applications as a valuable natural resource for the pharmaceutical industry. This plant was also proven to have a very important inhibition of free radicals where ethyl acetate and N butanol extracts had the best IC50 and A0.5 with significant values in some tests lower than the standards. The SPF measure showed high photo-protective activity with an SPF of 47.29±0.00, 47.30±0.00, and 47.21±0.14 respectively. This suggests that the extracts could potentially be used in cosmetic formulations and as a skincare agent. Overall, the plant of Origanum vulgare can represent an interesting source of bioactive compounds, and consequently, the extracts can be useful in the pharmaceutical field for various therapeutic applications.

How to Choose the Best Fragrance for Your Cosmetics

Background: Some people may experience allergic responses like skin irritation and rashes due to the seductive aroma of your attractive cosmetic products. The fragrance in your cosmetic items can also lead to serious allergies like asthma and headaches, which may deter customers from purchasing your cosmetics. The development of fragrances is a crucial component of cosmetic formulation because it blends an aesthetic vision with knowledge of the chemistries and dynamics of the scent materials. Objective: When launching a cosmetics company and having a product ready to sell, it is crucial to take into account a number of elements, including the potency of the scent, the product's stability in the presence of heat and light, the compatibility of the ingredients, and the effects of the packaging. While certain compounds used in fragrances quickly disappear from the skin, others cling to it for longer. In order to accomplish the intended outcome and produce a product that is attractive to the eye, it is crucial for these qualities to interact over time. Buyer psychology is impacted by fragrance in cosmetic products, which may influence whether or not a consumer decides to purchase it. Methods: The study utilized a comprehensive review of existing literature, market research, and industry insights to gather information on fragrance selection for cosmetics. Results: The results of the study indicate that choosing the best fragrance for cosmetics involves considering several key factors. Firstly, understanding the specific product type is crucial, as different cosmetics require different types of fragrances to match their purpose and intended use. Secondly, considering the target audience's preferences is essential, as different demographics have varying fragrance preferences. Thirdly, aligning the fragrance with the brand identity is important to create a cohesive and consistent product experience. Conclusion: In conclusion, selecting the best fragrance for cosmetics requires a thoughtful and strategic approach. By considering the product type, target audience, brand identity, and market trends, cosmetics manufacturers can make informed decisions that enhance the overall product experience and customer satisfaction.

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE COSMETIC INDUSTRY (REVIEW)

Nanotechnology has been increasingly explored and utilized in the cosmetic industry to enhance the efficacy and performance of cosmetic products. The incorporation of nanomaterials in cosmetics presents both advantages and challenges. As a positive effect can be noted that nanotechnology offers the potential to improve the performance, retention, appearance, and safety of cosmetic formulations, meeting the demands of customers for better cosmetic products. Nanoparticles are used in cosmetics to enhance the delivery of active ingredients, improve the appearance and feel of products, and serve as UV filters, demonstrating the diverse applications of nanotechnology in cosmetic products. However, it also presents challenges related to safety, health risks, and regulatory considerations, highlighting the need for ongoing research, safety assessments, and regulatory frameworks to ensure the safe and effective use of nanotechnology in cosmetics.

The role of the ImmunatuRNA® complex in promoting skin immunity and its regenerative abilities: Implications for antiaging skincare.

Recent advancements in cosmetic science have ushered in a new era of skincare strategies, with a focus on utilizing natural bioactive ingredients to enhance skin health and combat premature aging. The skin, as the largest organ of human body, provides as a vital protective barrier against external hazards such as environmental pollutions, toxins, and radiation. However, intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including various types of radiation, reduced air quality, and increased exposure to pollutants, lead to an imbalance in the skin's immune system, significantly reducing the skin's ability to regenerate and accelerating skin aging. Therefore, there is an emerging need to develop innovative skincare strategies that could support the skin's immune capacity by strengthening antioxidant protection, skin regeneration, and repair. Plant-derived compounds, along with naturally sourced ingredients, show promise in accelerating wound healing, especially when incorporated into cosmetic formulation. ImmunatuRNA® stands as a prime example of a biologically active complex, uniquely comprising yeast-derived RNA, marine exopolysaccharides, and natural hyaluronic acid, that exhibits high antioxidant activity and exerts beneficial modulatory effects on skin microbiota, thereby positively influencing skin immunity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the ImmunatuRNA® complex in promoting skin regeneration and reducing signs of skin aging, both through the use of invitro human skin cultures and the evaluation of clinical trials in healthy volunteers. The results of conducted experimental studies have shown that the ImmunatuRNA® complex demonstrated significant positive effects on the immunity and repair capabilities of the skin, characterized by increased fibroblast proliferation, enhanced glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and reduced oxidative stress. Furthermore, use of the complex also significantly accelerated wound healing following mechanically-induced damage in the keratinocytes, demonstrated as reduction in wound margins measurement, new cell production, and an increase in regeneration speed. In addition, conduced clinical study on healthy human volunteers with various skin types confirmed that use of cosmetic products that incorporate the ImmunatuRNA® complex within the formulation can visibly improve skin condition, appearance, and general health, achieved by increased skin hydration and elasticity, reduced wrinkles, and enhanced skin firmness. This study confirms the usefulness of the ImmunatuRNA® complex in the innovative antiaging cosmetic products that can be suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin. The inclusion of naturally sourced bioactives, as those found in ImmunatuRNA® complex, represents a promising advancement in holistic natural skincare that consumers appreciate. The active ingredients of the complex support the skin's immunity, fostering its repair and protecting against oxidative damage, thus maintaining skin homeostasis and promoting its regenerative capacity. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects of ImmunatuRNA® complex on skin health and its potential applications in innovative skincare formulations.

Use of Silybum marianum Extract and Bio-Ferment for Biodegradable Cosmetic Formulations to Enhance Antioxidant Potential and Effect of the Type of Vehicle on the Percutaneous Absorption and Skin Retention of Silybin and Taxifolin

In the present study, extract (E) and bio-ferment (B) were obtained from ground and defatted thistle seeds of Silybum marianum. Their antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP techniques, while total polyphenols were measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. High antioxidant activity was found in both the E (0.91 mmol Trolox/L ± 0.2) and B (1.19 mmol Trolox/L ± 0.2) using DPPH methods, so the obtained cosmetic raw materials were incorporated into hydrogel and organogel substrates to obtain cosmetic formulations with antioxidant activity. However, there is a scarcity of research providing information on the skin penetration of the main active components of S. marianum, which have an antioxidant effect. Therefore, we assessed in vitro the penetration through pig skin of the main components contained in the obtained B and E, such as silybin and taxifolin, which are part of the silymarin complex. We also used pure silymarin (S) for comparison. Among the tested preparations, H-S showed the utmost significant penetration of taxifolin, having a cumulative permeation of 87.739 ± 7.457 μg/cm2. Biodegradation tests of the prepared formulations were also performed, containing cosmetic raw materials and S. Studies of the effect of the cosmetic formulations on aerobic biodegradation showed a good level of degradation for the prepared formulations, some of which (O-B and O-S) were classified as easily degradable (OECD).

Imperative Role of Natural Product Chemistry in Cosmeceutical R&D - Phytonanocosmeceuticals

Natural product chemistry has always been attractive for drug and cosmetic industries as natural products can address these industries very well. By consumer demand, the cosmetic industry is looking for innovative, safer, more effective, and environmentally friendly products. In this sense, a relatively new concept of cosmetics has emerged under “cosmeceuticals or dermocosmetics/medcosmetics”. Cosmeceuticals are briefly defined as a subclass of cosmetics that contain drug active substances or bioactive natural products with enhanced efficacy for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes. They are also described as a combination of cosmetics and pharmaceutics or medical-grade cosmetics, which particularly enhance skin penetration and the restorative effect of active ingredients in cosmetic formulations. On the other hand, nanotechnology has become another exciting area in cosmetics as nanoformulations enhance skin penetration. Therefore, we have been working on research and development of novel phyto-based cosmeceuticals via extensive screening studies on plant extracts and pure natural substances using in vitro (enzyme inhibition, etc), in silico (molecular docking and toxicity screening), and cell-based assays. In this regard, an anti-acne formulation based on a number of plant extracts tested against Propionibacterium acnes has been developed by our group. Besides, an antimicrobial formulation as an oral spray for mouth defense is currently a commercial product. We have been studying nanofiber formulations loaded with plant extract for wound healing. All our ongoing studies on discovering novel active natural ingredients for cosmeceutical purposes have so far yielded three patents and four patent applications and commercialized a final product. In the present mini review, examples and details of our group’s recent findings on phyto-based cosmeceuticals and nanoformulations will be underlined.

Contribution of research institutions to the development of the pharmaceutical industry: case of scientific works carried out at the faculty of pharmacy of Abidjan

Introduction: Works produced within universities and research institutes aim to provide high innovative technological or sociocultural solutions to society's challenges. Pharmaceutical industrialization is a socio-health issue in Côte d'Ivoire. Indeed the pharmaceutical production, although essential, is still in its infancy. Our objective is to take stock of the works carried out on this activity within the faculty of Pharmacy in Côte d'Ivoire in order to assess the contribution of this unit of research to its boom.
 Methodology: We’ve listed the theses and dissertations defended on the pharmaceutical production since the opening of the faculty, have described them and then we’ve analysed the results and recommendations of the authors of works.
 Results: During this preliminary study, out of the 25 documents available, 18 (72.0%) of the works focused on the development of galenic and cosmetic formulations, including 08 (32.0%) based on natural substances, in terms of development and evaluation of formulation parameters; 04 (16,0%) focused on the difficulties of the industrial process and 03 (12.0%) on the political and regulatory aspects. The works on the regulation of the activity, which was more transversal, presented the legal,
 
 institutional and political framework as harmonious, but highlighted other factors that need to be legislated.
 Conclusion: The preponderance of works on technical aspects that take into account our local realities confirms the expected contribution of universities through basic and applied research. The regulation remains an essential point also to implementate and organize. State support and public-private partnerships are still needed for the pharmaceutical industrialization.

Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol-Mediated Skin Permeation Enhancement: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The application of alcohols as permeation enhancers in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations has attracted considerable attention, owing to their skin permeation-enhancing effect. Nonetheless, the elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms underlying the skin permeation-enhancing effect remains elusive. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the effect of 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO), 1,2-butanediol (1,2-BDO), and ethanol (EtOH) on the stratum corneum (SC) model membrane. The results showed that the effect of alcohols on the SC model membrane displayed a concentration-dependent nature. The alcohols can interact with SC lipids and exhibit a remarkable ability to selectively extract free fatty acid (FFA) molecules from the SC model membrane and make the SC looser. Meanwhile, 1,2-BDO and EtOH can penetrate into SC lipid bilayers at higher concentrations, leading to the formation of continuous hydrophilic defects in SC. The FFA extraction and the formation of continuous hydrophilic defects induced ceramide (CER) tail chains to become more disordered and fluid and also weakened the hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) network among SC lipids. Both the FFA extraction and the continuous hydrophilic defect formation endowed alcohols with the permeation-enhancing effect. The constrained simulations revealed that the free energy barriers decreased for the permeation of the hydrophilic model molecule (COL) across the SC model membranes containing alcohols, particularly for 1,2-BDO and EtOH. The possible permeation-enhancing mechanisms of alcohols were proposed correspondingly. This work not only provided a deep understanding of the transdermal permeation-enhancing behavior of alcohols at the molecular level but also provided necessary reference information for designing effective transdermal drug delivery systems in applications.

Ionic liquid microcapsules for the topical delivery of pterostilbene: Enhanced transdermal delivery and anti-wrinkle and skin brightening effects

Pterostilbene (PTB) is a hydrophobic compound derived from plants in the Astragalus family. PTB possesses remarkable skin brightening and antioxidant properties. However, delivery methods for PTB require enhancement, and this can be achieved by formulating suitable carriers. In this study, we prepared ionic liquid microcapsules containing PTB by using a microencapsulation technique based on a matrine and cocinic acid ([Mat][Coc]) ionic liquid. The particle size of the microcapsules was 154.5 ± 3.42 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency was as high as 99.7 %. Further, the PTB-loaded ionic liquid microcapsules had good biocompatibility, enhanced skin retention (7.7-times higher than that of free PTB), and improved skin penetration without damaging the skin structure. Clinical testing with human subjects revealed that the microcapsule emulsion reduced fine lines and brightened skin tone. Therefore, PTB-loaded ionic liquid microcapsules have promise for use in cosmetic formulations and applications in transdermal drug delivery and efficacy enhancement.

Nanotechnology's Application in Cosmetics: Dermatology and Skin Care Items

Nanotechnology has emerged as a revolutionary force in various fields, and its application in cosmetics has significantly transformed the landscape of dermatology and skin care. This abstract explores the multifaceted impact of nanotechnology on cosmetic products, focusing on its potential to enhance efficacy, improve delivery systems, and address specific dermatological concerns. Integrating nanotechnology into cosmetics offers a notable advantage by enabling precise control of materials at the nanoscale. This capability leads to the creation of formulations that exhibit enhanced bioavailability. The use of nano-sized particles, typically measured in nanometers, improves the penetration of active ingredients into the skin, ensuring precise delivery and increased absorption. This precision has paved the way for the development of highly effective skincare products capable of addressing specific skin conditions such as hyperpigmentation, fine lines, and acne. Furthermore, nanotechnology has revolutionized the formulation of sunscreens, offering transparent and cosmetically elegant options that provide superior protection against both UVA and UVB rays. Nano-sized titanium dioxide and zinc oxide particles scatter light more effectively, offering broad-spectrum coverage without the white residue associated with traditional sunscreens. Enhanced visual appeal motivates consistent application of sunscreen, fostering improved skin well-being and diminishing the likelihood of skin damage caused by sun exposure. In the realm of dermatology, nanotechnology has played a pivotal role in propelling forward groundbreaking therapeutic strategies. Nanoparticles are utilized to encapsulate and transport active components, including vitamins and antioxidants, ensuring their stability and prolonged release. This targeted approach allows for the customization of skincare regimens based on individual skin needs, thereby optimizing treatment outcomes for various dermatological conditions. Despite the remarkable advancements facilitated by nanotechnology, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of nano-sized particles in cosmetics. Addressing these concerns is crucial to ensure consumer confidence and regulatory compliance. Thorough testing and extensive research are crucial for a comprehensive evaluation of the safety characteristics of nanomaterials, taking into account factors such as particle size, surface charge, and potential interactions with the skin. In summary, the integration of nanotechnology into cosmetics marks a new era of innovation in dermatology and skincare. It not only enhances the delivery of active ingredients but also improves the effectiveness of sunscreens, presenting a promising path for the advancement of cutting-edge cosmetic formulations. As research in this field advances, it is essential to find a balance between innovation and safety, ensuring that nanotechnology continues to positively influence the cosmetics industry while prioritizing the well-being of consumers.

Hybrid systems based on avobenzone–wrinkled mesoporous silica as ingredients of sunscreen formulations

Excessive exposure to solar radiation causes skin reddening, and sunburn, may accelerate photoaging processes, and lead to neoplastic changes. Therefore, it is recommended to apply cosmetic formulations containing UV protection filters. In recent years, doubts have arisen regarding the safety of certain chemical sunscreen agents that can penetrate the deeper layers of the skin, undergo photodegradation, generate allergies, and affect the endocrine system. The aim of this study was to develop a strategy to limit the permeation of avobenzone from emulsions. Wrinkled mesoporous silicas modified with zinc oxide and/or aminosilane were synthesized, characterized, and next applied as the carriers for the selected UV filter – avobenzone. The introduction of organic groups and ZnO did not disturb the wrinkled morphology of materials, but it changed the textural parameters due to the blocking of micropores. The modification of the wrinkled mesoporous silica had a positive effect on reducing avobenzone rate of desorption. The smallest amount of avobenzone was released from wrinkled mesoporous silica modified with zinc oxide. The release of avobenzone from nanocarriers followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, while the diffusion from emulsion was based on the Higuchi model. It was proved that the introduction of avobenzone to functionalized wrinkled mesoporous silica materials reduced the diffusion process of avobenzone from cosmetic emulsions. Nanoporous carriers may help solve the problems related to transepidermal penetration and the potential impact of UV filters on the endocrine system.

Synergistic impact of arbutin and kaempferol-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside from Nephelium lappaceum L. on whitening efficacy and stability of cosmetic formulations

Four flavonoid glycosides, namely quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (2), kaempferol-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3), and kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (4), from Nephelium lappaceum L. seeds were evaluated for their efficacy against melanin inhibition in B16F10 melanoma cells and tyrosinase inhibition. Among them, kaempferol-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3) displayed the highest potency in both activities without any significant cytotoxicity. The combination of compound 3 and arbutin in specific proportions demonstrated a synergistic effect (CI < 1) in inhibiting melanin production in B16F10 cells and tyrosinase inhibition. Additionally, a cosmetic formulation containing compound 3 and arbutin as active ingredients exhibited favorable stability under accelerated storage conditions. Quantitative analysis indicated that compound 3 and arbutin levels in the formulation were above 90% after one month of storage. Determination of the formulation's shelf life using the Q10 method, estimating it to be around 5.2 months from the date of manufacture. The synergy between arbutin and kaempferol-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3) extracted from N. lappaceum substantially enhances both the whitening effectiveness and the stability of cosmetic formulations.

Phyto-nanoemulsion Containing Tea Leaves Extract Incorporated into A Hydrogel-based Peel-off Mask Formulation: Development, Antioxidant Assay, and Ex-vivo Transport Study

Background: Tea leaves contain remarkable antioxidant compounds suitable for cosmetics formulation development targeting anti-aging purposes. However, due to its hydrophilicity, it faced the main hurdle, namely the permeation of the potential antioxidant compounds. Nanoemulsion formulation offers the permeation improvement of water-soluble compounds Therefore, this work purposed to formulate and develop the nanoemulsion formulation containing tea leaf extract incorporated into a peel-off mask formulation and an ex-vivo transport study. Methods: The nanoemulsion formulation was developed according to self-nano emulsification. The optimization process was performed using a design of experiment to define optimized formulation based on quality target product profiles. Dried green tea leaf extract (DGTE) was obtained by lyophilizing the boiled water-based extract. Antioxidant and phenolic content assays were also evaluated. The optimized formulation was incorporated into a hydrogel-based peel-off mask formulation. Permeated polyphenol through a rat skin membrane was carried out along with deposited polyphenols in the skin membrane. Results: The results indicated that DGTE had powerful antioxidants with IC50 less than 15 mg/mL. The optimized nanoemulsion comprised 21.62% virgin coconut oil, 48.38% Tween 80, and 30% PEG 400, producing a droplet size of less than 50 nm. The peel-off formulation was successfully formulated along with PVA 10-11% and HPMC 0.25-1% with a drying time of around 30 min. The nanoemulgel peel-off mask formulation played significant roles in enhancing the permeation and deposition in the percutaneous transport using rat skin membrane for roughly 200% and 50%, respectively. Conclusion: The nanoemulsion incorporated into a hydrogel-based peel-off mask enhanced the permeation of DGTE polyphenol compounds.

Exploring the potential of Moringa oleifera Lam in skin disorders and cosmetics: nutritional analysis, phytochemistry, geographical distribution, ethnomedicinal uses, dermatological studies and cosmetic formulations.

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a pan-tropical plant well known to the ancient world for its extensive therapeutic benefits in the Ayurvedic and Unani medical systems. The ancient world was familiar with this tree, but it has only lately been rediscovered as a multifunctional species with a huge range of possible therapeutic applications. It is a folk remedy for skin diseases, edema, sore gums, etc. This review comprises the history, ethnomedicinal applications, botanical characteristics, geographic distribution, propagation, nutritional and phytochemical profile, dermatological effects, and commercially available cosmeceuticals of Moringa oleifera Lam.Compilation of all the presented data has been done by employing various search engines like Science Direct, Google, PubMed, Research Gate, EBSCO, SciVal, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar.Studies on phytochemistry claim the presence of a variety of substances, including fatty acids, phenolic acids, sterols, oxalates, tocopherols, carotenoids, flavonoids, flavonols glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, terpene, saponins, phylates, alkaloids, glucosinolates, glycosides, and isothiocyanate. The pharmacological studies have shown the efficacy of Moringa oleifera Lam. as an antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-atopic dermatitis, antipsoriatic, promoter of wound healing, effective in treating herpes simplex virus, photoprotective, and UV protective. As a moisturizer, conditioner, hair growth promoter, cleanser, antiwrinkle, anti-aging, anti-acne, scar removal, pigmentation, and control for skin infection, sores, as well as sweating, it has also been utilized in a range of cosmeceuticals.he Moringa oleifera Lam. due to its broad range of phytochemicals can be proven boon for the treatment of dermatological disorders.

Development of the cholestosome, a novel delivery system made exclusively from cholesteryl esters

AbstractA novel vesicular drug delivery system has been created using only cholesteryl esters. The uncharged nature of the esters requires a formulation process that uses energy, in the form of sonication, to facilitate the cholesteryl esters formation into vesicles. The nature of the material choices renders the vesicles resistant to pH degradation between a pH of 2 and 10. Storage condition at 4°C for 9 months shows a stability of encapsulated materials as well as vesicles. The formulation process is a modified reverse phase method in which the esters are dissolved in an organic solvent, which is then removed and the aqueous component is then added with sonication in a temperature‐controlled water bath. A wide variety of materials can be encapsulated in these vesicles, which are called cholestosomes. Delivery of the cholestosome‐encapsulated materials is a function of the ester component structure and not the encapsulated molecule. Once encapsulated, the vesicles deliver the materials into cells. The potential for oral availability was explored using chylomicrons. Successful delivery of the cholestosome encapsulated into chylomicrons has enhanced the effectiveness of delivery to cells. Analytical methods have been developed to analyze the materials chosen from the cholesteryl esters as well as the encapsulated materials.Practical Applications: The creation of the cholestosome vesicle opens up completely new areas for encapsulating and delivering materials. The cholesteryl ester structure that makes up the vesicles is impervious to pH and bile salts, making cholestosomes ideal for oral delivery of drugs, such as oral insulin. Intracellular delivery of cholestosome vesicles enables multiple applications, from killing latent infections to preventing viral replication (irrespective of the virus) and delivering nucleic acid therapeutics to cure genetic disease. These vesicles pass the blood–brain barrier and could be used for treatments of Alzheimer's and related neurodegenerative disease. Cholestosomes can also be used in cosmetic formulations as the vesicles pass the dermis. They even could be used in food applications as the materials are considered generally regarded as safe.

Study on Ajuga reptans extracts as potential cosmetic raw materials

Abstract In the study, the possibility of an application of Ajuga reptans leaf and root extracts in antipollution cosmetics was investigated. The influence of Ajuga extracts on the skin condition was also evaluated. Both leaf and root Ajuga ethanolic extracts were obtained and added to the developed cosmetic formulations. Two types of emulsion W/O and O/W, washing gels and eye serum, containing as an active substance Ajuga extracts were prepared. For the stable formulations physicochemical and user properties were studied. The obtained results show that cosmetic products, containing the Ajuga reptans extracts, positively affect the skin condition: causing an improvement in the degree of skin hydration and elasticity, reducing the skin pores size and skin hyperpigmentation, and reducing the wrinkles depth.