Components Of Cosmetics Research Articles

Novel Applications of CE-ICP-MS/MS: Monitoring of Antiaging GHK-Cu Cosmetic Component Encapsulation in Liposomes.

The hyphenation of the separation technique with the high-sensitive mass spectrometry detection is one of the driving forces of modern analysis enabling measurements in complex matrices. In particular, capillary electrophoresis coupled to inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry allows for speciation analysis of selected analytes with a superior resolution. The mild, physiological-friendly conditions of this separation technique offer the unique advantage of analyzing chemical entities in their intact form, which has been successfully exploited in various areas. Herein, we report the pioneering application of such a hyphenated technique in the cosmetic field to investigate the encapsulation of copper tripeptide complex (GHK-Cu) in liposomes. By monitoring copper and phosphorus signals, the formation of liposomes via a simple ethanol injection method was confirmed, and the concentration of GHK-Cu in the liposomes was assessed. The application of coupling of capillary electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS/MS) in cosmetic studies could lead to the development of diverse liposomal formulations with preferential properties and expand their accessibility.

A Review of Modified Gelatin: Physicochemical Properties, Modification Methods, and Applications in the Food Field.

Gelatin is a significant multifunctional biopolymer that is widely utilized as a component in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Numerous functional qualities are displayed by gelatin, such as its exceptional film-forming ability, gelling qualities, foaming and emulsifying qualities, biocompatibility and biodegradable qualities. Due to its unique structural, physicochemical, and biochemical characteristics, which enhance nutritional content and health benefits as well as the stability, consistency, and elasticity of food products, gelatin is utilized extensively in the food business. Additionally, gelatin has demonstrated excellent performance in encapsulating, delivering, and releasing active ingredients. Gelatin's various modifications, such as chemical, enzymatic, and physical processes, were analyzed to assess their impact on gelatin structures and characteristics. Hopefully, gelatin will be more widely used in various applications after modification using suitable methods.

Expert consensus on the technical specifications of the in vitro skin penetration test of cosmetic product by Franz diffusion cell

BackgroundDiffusion cell test is one of the most commonly used in vitro model to detect the percutaneous absorption of cosmetic ingredients. Although PRC State Administration of Quality Supervision and Quarantine has issued the guideline for the in vitro test method for the percutaneous absorption of drug molecules, there is still a lack of guideline for the percutaneous absorption test of cosmetic components. ObjectiveIn order to improve the standardized level and make the in vitro percutaneous absorption test of cosmetic ingredients more comparable, based on the international and domestic experience, Transdermal Drug Delivery Committee of the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies organized the experts to discuss and formed this consensus as reference for the percutaneous absorption test of cosmetic components. Materials and MethodsTo standardize the in vitro diffusion cell test technique for transdermal penetration of functional cosmetic ingredients, the Transdermal Drug Delivery Professional Committee of the World Federation of Societies of Traditional Chinese Medicine has organized many discussions among experts. ResultsThe expert group established this expert consensus by integrating international requirements, domestic practice, and the experience of experts. ConclusionThis consensus provides technical operation recommendations for the detection of cosmetic percutaneous permeation in in vitro diffusion cells to reduce the differences between studies. Cosmetic formulations with different compositions and types may show different release kinetics, and this consensus does not cover all possible situations.

Preparation of self-preserving personal care cosmetic products using multifunctional ingredients and other cosmetic ingredients

The development of self-preserving personal care cosmetics represents a significant advancement in the cosmetics industry, offering safer and more natural alternatives to consumers. This study focused on the preparation of such formulations using multifunctional ingredients along with other cosmetic components. Five unique multifunctional ingredients (MFIs) were identified based on their antimicrobial properties: sodium coco PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, ricinoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, raspberry ketone, and sorbitan caprylate. Through meticulous experimentation, 150 combinations of MFIs were prepared and tested to understand their synergistic actions. From these trials, three synergistic antimicrobial compositions were determined: sodium coco PG-dimonium chloride phosphate: ricinoleic acid: raspberry ketone in the ratios 1:6.3:6.3 and 1:6.3:15.7. Sodium coco PG-dimonium chloride phosphate: palmitoleic acid: sorbitan caprylate at a ratio of 1:12.5:37.5. These synergistic compositions exhibited enhanced antimicrobial efficacy compared with their individual components, as evidenced by their lower Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values. Incorporating these formulations into three distinct personal care cosmetic products, including a color protection shampoo, body wash shower gel, and skin-lightening cream, the study further validated their effectiveness. A Preservation Challenge Test study revealed that all three antimicrobial compositions successfully preserved the cosmetic formulations for up to 28 days. This method of product preservation not only ensures consumer safety and stability but also reduces the need for potentially conventional preservatives. In conclusion, the appropriate use of multifunctional ingredients in combination with meticulous formulation techniques has led to the successful development of self-preserving personal care cosmetics. These formulations offer a promising avenue for the cosmetic industry, catering to the rising demand for natural, effective, and consumer-friendly cosmetic products.

Detection and Differentiation of Amines and N‐Heterocycles via Recognition Enabled Chromatographic 19F NMR

AbstractIn this study, we successfully employed a 19F‐labeled cyclopalladium probe to achieve simultaneous differentiation and detection of various amines and N‐heterocyclic compounds. This method features a broad detection window, facilitating the discrimination and multi‐component analysis of structural analogs and isomers through the generation of characteristic 19F NMR signals with distinct chemical shifts. The utility of this approach is demonstrated in monitoring chemical reactions and identifying components in food, beverages, and cosmetics.

Balancing Expectations: Navigating Medically Necessary Torso Procedures with Cosmetic Components in the Military Healthcare System.

Surgeons performing federal insurance-financed procedures involving medically necessary and cosmetic components must navigate patient expectations to avoid postoperative disappointment. This challenge is amplified in military healthcare, where different surgical specialties concurrently address the same diagnosis, while the Department of Defense policy on cosmetic fees and TRICARE's definition of excluded services adds further complexity. With the increasing prevalence of elevated body mass index, focus is directed toward diagnoses involving the torso, specifically gynecomastia in male individuals, and diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles (DRAM) in female individuals. The study involves a team of experienced board-certified surgeons conducting a narrative review of surgical procedures addressing gynecomastia and DRAM. Relevant literature from 2000 to 2023 is reviewed, focusing on patient satisfaction regarding outcome of medically necessary and cosmetic aspects. For gynecomastia, distinguishing between true and pseudogynecomastia is critical. A protocol is presented based on the Simon classification, offering evidence-based guidelines for surgical interventions. Similarly, for DRAM, a minimally invasive approach balances deployment readiness and surgical recovery. The presence of a symptomatic panniculus, however, requires more invasive intervention. The downstream ramification of limited Current Procedural Terminology codes for these interventions is discussed. In medically necessary procedures funded through federal health plans such as TRICARE, the primary goal is functional improvement, not the final torso contour. Clear communication and preoperative counseling are crucial to managing patient expectations. Providers in military healthcare must navigate the complex landscape of patient expectations, policy guidelines, and duty readiness while maintaining the standard of care.

A Comparative Study of Cerium(III) and Cerium(IV) Phosphates for Sunscreens.

Crystalline cerium(III) phosphate (CePO4), cerium(IV) phosphates, and nanocrystalline ceria are considered to be promising components of sunscreen cosmetics. This paper reports on a study in which, for the first time, a quantitative comparative analysis was performed of the UV-shielding properties of CePO4, Ce(PO4)(HPO4)0.5(H2O)0.5, and CePO4/CeO2 composites. Both the sun protection factor and protection factor against UV-A radiation of the materials were determined. Ce(PO4)(HPO4)0.5(H2O)0.5 was shown to have a sun protection factor of 2.9, which is comparable with that of nanocrystalline ceria and three times higher than the sun protection factor of CePO4. Composites containing both cerium dioxide and CePO4 demonstrated higher sun protection factors (up to 1.8) than individual CePO4. When compared with the TiO2 Aeroxide P25 reference sample, cerium(III) and cerium(IV) phosphates demonstrated negligible photocatalytic activity. A cytotoxicity analysis performed using two mammalian cell lines, hMSc and NCTC L929, showed that CePO4, Ce(PO4)(HPO4)0.5(H2O)0.5, and nanocrystalline ceria were all non-toxic. The results of this comparative study indicate that cerium(IV) phosphate Ce(PO4)(HPO4)0.5(H2O)0.5 is more advantageous for use in sunscreens than either cerium(III) phosphate or CePO4/CeO2 composites, due to its improved UV-shielding properties and low photocatalytic activity.

Design and analysis of herbal hair oil

The significance of herbal hair oil for the longevity of hair health is highlighted in this study. Hair care products applied to the hair to cure hair issues include herbal hair oil. A vital component of natural cosmetics is herbal hair oil. The goals of herbal hair oil are discussed in this article, along with how it may improve hair health, control frizz, prevent hair loss, and more. This focuses on the components that are frequently used to make herbal hair oil, such as coconut oil, sesame oil, mustard oil, and other herbal ingredients. Herbal hair oil is more in demand and utilized for several hair conditions.

Survey of Major Diseases on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Growing Areas of Ethiopia

Medicinal and aromatic plants are industrial plant that are primarily used for therapeutic, aromatic and culinary purposes as components of cosmetics, medicinal products, health foods and other natural health products. Like other cereal crops, these potential medicinal and aromatic plants are constantly in grave danger from disease attack. The aim of this study was to assess the most prevalent diseases on prioritized medicinal and aromatic plants. Survey was conducted at Wondo Genet Agricultural research stations and herb growing companies in Ethiopia. Survey fields were observed from vegetative to maturity stage of the plant to assess the pest status. A total of 11 medicinal and aromatic plants were assessed in four different locations and these herbs were attacked by various diseases. Rust disease was the most serious problem on Aloe vera and Lemon grass, accounting for 30-40 percent of disease severity at Wondo Genet. In Butajira, powdery mildew was the most common disease found on sage, with a 20 percent severity. Downy mildew was recorded as a major disease on basil plants in Hawassa and Debre Zeit, with a 30-35 percent severity. Therefore, identification of the pathogen's causing agents and integrated disease management for the major recorded diseases of medicinal and aromatic plants needs further research.

A Novel Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni): Isolation, Structure Analysis, and Probiotics Adhesion Promotion Effect.

The daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) flower is a traditional raw food material that is rich in a variety of nutrients. In particular, the content of polysaccharides in daylily is abundant and has been widely used as a functional component in food, cosmetics, medicine, and other industries. However, studies on the structure-effective relationship of daylily flower polysaccharides are still lacking. In view of this, daylily flower polysaccharides were isolated and purified, and their physical and chemical properties, structure, antioxidant activity, and adhesion-promoting effect on probiotics were evaluated. The results showed that a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (DPW) with an average molecular weight (Mw) of 2.224 kDa could be successfully isolated using column chromatography. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that DPW only comprised glucose and fructose, with a molar ratio of 0.242:0.758. Through methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, it was inferred that DPW belonged to the fructans group with a structure of α-D-Glcp-1→2-β-D-Fruf-1→(2-β-D-Fruf-1)n→. Antioxidant analysis showed that DPW showed strong 2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-Oxide (PTIO-scavenging activity with IC50 of 1.54 mg/mL. DPW of 1.25 to 5 mg/mL could significantly increase the adhesion rate of Lactobacillus acidophilu, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Lactobacillus plantarum on Caco-2 cells. Considering the above results, the present study provides a theoretical basis and practical support for the development and application of daylily polysaccharides as a functional active ingredient.

Improving the citric acid production by mutant strains Aspergillus niger using carbohydrate-containing raw materials as a carbon source

The demand for citric acid (CA) as a component of food products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics is increasing yearly. The use of adapted micro-organisms that convert naturally occurring carbohydrates into organic acids makes it possible to increase annual CA production significantly. The research aim was to study CA production by the Aspergillus niger strain in the medium based on carbohydrate-containing raw materials as a carbon source. We used a fermentation by A. niger. Starch hydrolysates were chosen as a nutrient medium. To improve the CA production of A. niger, multi-step mutagenesis was performed. This resulted in mutant strain A. niger R5/4, which had the highest acidogenic activity among the samples. The study evaluated the effect of temperature on the productivity of the mutant strains. The quantitative content of citric acid was analyzed at different incubation times (144, 168, and 192 h). The effect of the initial medium pH (4.5, 5.0, and 5.5) on acid formation was also investigated. The strain's optimum temperature, pH, and cultivation time parameters were determined. A three-factor, three-level Box-Benken design (BBD) was used to optimize CA production by A. niger strain R5/4 on a starch-containing medium. When assessing the impact of temperature on CA production, the ideal range was between 29 and 31 °C.

Electron-Induced Damage by UV Photolysis of DNA Attached to Gold Nanoparticles.

Photolysis of DNA attached to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with ultraviolet (UV) photons induces DNA damage. The release of nucleobases (Cyt, Gua, Ade, and Thy) from DNA was the major reaction (99%) with an approximately equal release of pyrimidines and purines. This reaction contributes to the formation of abasic sites in DNA. In addition, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/MS (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed the formation of reduction products of pyrimidines (5,6-dihydrothymidine and 5,6-dihydro-2'-deoxyuridine) and eight 2',3'- and 2',5'-dideoxynucleosides. In contrast, there was no evidence of the formation of 5-hydroxymethyluracil and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, which are common oxidation products of thymine and guanine, respectively. Using appropriate filters, the main photochemical reactions were found to involve photoelectrons ejected from AuNPs by UV photons. The contribution of "hot" conduction band electrons with energies below the photoemission threshold was minor. The mechanism for the release of free nucleobases by photoelectrons is proposed to take place by the initial formation of transient molecular anions of the nucleobases, followed by dissociative electron attachment at the C1'-N glycosidic bond connecting the nucleobase to the sugar-phosphate backbone. This mechanism is consistent with the reactivity of secondary electrons ejected by X-ray irradiation of AuNPs attached to DNA, as well as the reactions of various nucleic acid derivatives irradiated with monoenergetic very-low-energy electrons (∼2 eV). These studies should help us to understand the chemistry of nanoparticles that are exposed to UV light and that are used as scaffolds and catalysts in molecular biology, curative agents in photodynamic therapy, and components of sunscreens and cosmetics.

Comorbid psychiatric disease significantly mediates increased rates of alcohol use disorder among patients with inflammatory and pigmentary skin disorders: a case-control study in the All of Us Research Program.

Dermatologic diseases have a well-documented association with depression and anxiety, which are in turn often comorbid with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Nonethleess, the relationship between dermatologic disease and AUD, and the relative contribution of depression and anxiety, are poorly understood. Here, we utilize the National Insittutes of Health All of Us Research Program to investigate the association between inflammatory and pigmentary dermatologic diseases with AUD. Furthermore, we investigate whether comorbid depression and anxiety mediates this relationship. We employed a matched case-control model with multivariable logistic regression. We also employed a mediation analysis. We found an increased odds of AUD among patients with atopic dermatitis, acne/rosacea, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, and pigmentary disorders (vitiligo, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation). This was partially mediated by anxiety and depression, especially for diseases with a significant cosmetic component. Overall, these findings highlight the profound psychological and physical health effects that inflammatory and pigmentary disease can have on patients, both independently and in combination with comorbid psychiatric disease.

In Vitro Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of a Juniperus communis Callus Culture Extract and Matricaria recutita Processing Waste Extract Combination as a Cosmetic Ingredient.

For skin health promotion and cosmetic applications, combinations of plant cell extracts are extensively utilized. As most natural ingredient suppliers offer crude extracts from individual plants or specific isolated compounds, the potential interactions between them are assessed in the development phase of cosmetic products. The industry seeks extract combinations that have undergone optimization and scrutiny for their bioactivities. This study presents a combination of two sustainably produced botanical ingredients and outlines their chemical composition, in vitro safety, and bioactivity for skin health enhancement. The amalgamation comprises the extract of Matricaria recutita processing waste and the extract from Juniperus communis callus culture. Chemical analysis revealed distinct compounds within the extracts, and their combination led to a broader array of potentially synergistic compounds. In vitro assessments on skin cells demonstrated that the combination possesses robust antioxidant properties and the ability to stimulate keratinocyte proliferation, along with regulating collagen type I and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) production by dermal fibroblasts. The identified traits of this combination render it an appealing cosmetic component. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first case when the extracts derived from medicinal plant processing waste and biotechnological plant cell cultivation processes have been combined and evaluated for their bioactivity.

“The hidden hues”- An analysis of public perspectives regarding intimate area depigmentation and its dynamic relationship with dermatological procedures

Objectives: The art of esthetic dermatology has reached its pinnacles in this generation providing treatments for almost all skin concerns. Throughout history a myriad of issues have risen, and one that is common to everyone is the pigmentation of their intimate areas. Many people, particularly women, lament that their dark underarm makes it impossible for them to wear their favorite sleeveless dress or that they must deal with their partner’s embarrassment due to this issue. Even though cosmetics have advanced and we now have answers for every issue, people are still hesitant to undergo these treatments, even though they want to get rid of these pigmentations. This study has multiple goals, it aims to determine the reasons behind people’s reluctance to undergo depigmentation procedures in intimate areas, the extent to which dermatology has advanced in society, and whether skincare is still taboo. Material and Methods: Using an online survey through Google Forms, we conducted a cross-sectional study dated from May 21, 2023, to July 05, 2023, collecting data from 112 people living in Tbilisi, Georgia. Most of the participants were in the 18–35 age range. Participants responded to 17 questions about their overall skincare routines, the amount of time and effort they put into skincare, and their thoughts on the depigmentation process in private areas. Results: From a total of 112 participants, 69.6% (n = 78) were female, and 30.4% (n = 34) were male, with the majority of participants from age group 18 to 24 [83% (n = 93)], followed by people who are 25–30 [16.1% (n = 18)], and 2% from age 31 to 40 [0.9% (n = 1)]. In that, 62.5% (n = 70) of the population was interested in receiving treatment, but they were hesitant for a variety of reasons where 47.3% (n = 53) reasoned the high cost. About 8.9% (n = 10) were also reluctant to expose their intimate areas during procedures. About 8.9% (n = 10) of people think that they are intrusive and refuse to have them done. About 2.7% (n = 3) refuse to get the treatment due to opposition from spouses and family. Varying opinions about skincare approaches were also recorded where 33% (n = 37) stated that they have never been to a dermatologist since they have not experienced any skin problems whereas 21.4% (n = 24) use homemade skin care products, whose efficacies are debatable. Conclusion: Our investigation emphasizes the blending of medical and cosmetic components of dermatology by demonstrating positive responses regarding depigmentation and dermatologic procedures. A greater demand for solutions to skin pigmentation problems in sensitive areas of the body is reflected in the growing popularity of intimate area depigmentation. Nonetheless, the choice to receive these treatments is kept private and is shaped by cultural conventions, society expectations, and individual preferences. Some desire depigmentation for greater comfort and confidence while others value natural beauty and self-acceptance. The two biggest obstacles to involvement are lack of information and financial limitations. To combat this, easily accessible skincare solutions that have been shown to work should be reasonably priced and come with easy-to-follow directions that will allay worries and promote making wise decisions.

Applications of Engineered Skin Tissue for Cosmetic Component and Toxicology Detection.

The scale of the cosmetic market is increasing every day. There are many safety risks to cosmetics, but they benefit people at the same time. The skin can become red, swollen, itchy, chronically toxic, and senescent due to the misuse of cosmetics, triggering skin injuries, with contact dermatitis being the most common. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a system that can scientifically and rationally detect the composition and perform a toxicological assessment of cosmetic products. Traditional detection methods rely on instrumentation and method selection, which are less sensitive and more complex to perform. Engineered skin tissue has emerged with the advent of tissue engineering technology as an emerging bioengineering technology. The ideal engineered skin tissue is the basis for building good in vitro structures and physiological functions in this field. This review introduces the existing cosmetic testing and toxicological evaluation methods, the current development status, and the types and characteristics of engineered skin tissue. The application of engineered skin tissue in the field of cosmetic composition detection and toxicological evaluation, as well as the different types of tissue engineering scaffold materials and three-dimensional (3D) organoid preparation approaches, is highlighted in this review to provide methods and ideas for constructing the next engineered skin tissue for cosmetic raw material component analysis and toxicological evaluation.

PROSPECTS FOR MODIFYING THE STRUCTURE OF CHITIN AND CHITOSAN OF HIGHER FUNGI TO EXPAND THE POTENTIAL OF THEIR APPLIED USE

The review is devoted to summarizing scientific data in the field of the chemical structure and properties of chitin and chitosan obtained from fungal biomass, and to analyzing directions for their modification for use in medicine and the food industry as substances with antibacterial, antiviral, wound-healing and anticoagulant activity. The features of chitin biosynthesis by fungi of the Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Deuteromycota departments and chitosan biosynthesis by fungi of the Zygomycota department are covered. It has been shown that higher fungi contain chitin in their cell walls in the form of a chitin-glucan complex, while lower fungi (zygomycetes) contain chitin in the form of chitosan-glucan. Effective components of substrates that influence the production of polysaccharides by fungi have been identified - carbohydrates in the form of glucose, sucrose and maltose, organic forms of nitrogen in the form of yeast extract and corn flour, mineral components in the form of dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium monohydrogen phosphate. Particular attention is paid to methods for isolating chitin and modifying it to chitosan with a detailed description of the physicochemical and biological properties of polymers. The review also presents the main reactions and methods for obtaining carboxymethyl and sulfo derivatives of chitin and chitosan. The biological properties and application of these groups of substances are described. In the carboxymethylation of chitin and chitosan, the choice of appropriate reaction conditions and reagents makes it possible to obtain carboxymethyl chitin, N-, O-, N,O-carboxymethylchitosan, or N,N-dicarboxymethylchitosan. The properties and applications of carboxymethyl derivatives of chitin and chitosan strongly depend on their structure, degree of substitution, and arrangement of amino or hydroxyl groups. The main reagents in the preparation of carboxymethyl derivatives are sodium monochloroacetate, monochloroacetic and glyoxalic acids. Carboxymethyl derivatives of chitin and chitosan are used as drug delivery systems, antimicrobial agents, in tissue engineering, as components of cosmetics and food products. Modification of chitosan with sulfate groups makes it possible to obtain chitosan 2-N-, 6-O-, 2-N-6-O- and 3-O-sulphates. The main sulfonating agents are oleum, pyridine and chlorosulfonic acid. Sulfonic derivatives of chitin and chitosan can be used as a basis for obtaining hemocompatible materials (with antithrombotic and antibacterial activities).

Phytochemical Profiling and Anti-microbial Activity of Ficus Religiosa Against E.Coli and S.Aureus

Plants have been used for thousands of years to keep people well and enhance the quality of their lives by acting as useful components in medicines, food, beverages, cosmetics, and dyes. Ficus religiosa (Sacred fig) or Peepal tree is known to be a native Indian tree. Extract of the plant possess significant anti-diarrhoeal, anti-fungal, anti-plasmodial, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-convulsant activity, anthelmintic activity, proteolytic activity, anti-immunomodulatory activity, wound-healing activity, antioxidant activity, anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, wound healing activities and antidiabetic activity. The aqueous extract of F. religiosa dried bark shown the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phytosterols and bergapten. The stem bark of F. religiosa investigation shows phytocomponent of tannins, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids, vitamin K, n-octacosanol, methyl oleanolate, lanosterol, β-sitosteryl-D-glucoside, stigmasterol, lupen-3-one. Four different extracts (Aqueous, Hydro-alcohol, Methanol, Acidified Water) of leaf of F. religiosa were taken for the experiment, from which it concludes that Alkaloid, Tannin, and Resin are present in all the extracts. Whereas, Flavonoid, and Cardiac glycoside are absent in all. The result of Thin Layer Chromatography shows highest Rf value of 0.90 in Hydro-alcohol extract and lowest in Methanol (Rf value of 0.55). The anti-microbial activity of Acidified water extract shows the highest zone of inhibition of 15 mm and 18 mm; however, aqueous extract gives the lowest zone of inhibition of 10 mm and 12 mm against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. F. religiosa exhibit many pharmacological activities i.e., anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, analgesic, wound-healing, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, proteolytic, anti-amnesic and many more. These discovered chemicals are what give Ficus religiosa its significant biological functions. In order to find new medicines, the researcher will be instructed to find and extract the novel therapeutic compounds from different parts of Ficus religiosa.

VALIDATION OF THE KURDISH LANGUAGE VERSION OF THE STANDARDIZED COSMESIS AND NASAL OUTCOMES SURVEY (SCHNOS), APPLICATION FOR SEPTORHINOPLASTY HEALTH

Background The Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) questionnaire is a recent tool for evaluating patient satisfaction in both functional and cosmetic components of rhinoplasty. It is a reliable, steady, and corroborated patient-reported outcome measure that is not available in Kurdish.
 Objectives To evaluate the application of the Kurdish version of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) scale for Septorhinoplasty surgery and research.
 Materials and Methodsconducted four centre studies to validate The Kurdish version of the scale We adhered to a strict translation procedure, including a forward and back translation and reconciliation interviews, to ensure the original content and concepts were preserved compared for patients and control groups and tailored to the demographic the instrument was intended for.
 Resultsshowed that the Kurdish version of the SCHNOS was conceptually comparable to the original English version and demonstrated high internal consistency for nasal function as an aesthetic postoperative outcome. The Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated a weak to moderate correlation between the different items, indicating that the different items measure somewhat distinct aspects of nasal function and appearance. However, the high Cronbach’s alpha values suggested that the different items measure similar aspects of nasal function and appearance and can be considered a reliable scale for assessing SCHNOSE.The results of the paired samples t-test showed significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative obstructive and aesthetic SCHNOSE scores, indicating that the observed differences are likely to be real and not simply due to random variation in the data.
 ConclusionThe Kurdish form of the SCHNOS demonstrates virtuous reliability and validity, coherent with the original version. Thus, it can be used as a validated questionnaire for outcome measurements for rhinoplasty. This version should be recommended to evaluate both functional and cosmetic outcomes in daily practice and rhinoplasty-related examinations.

Identification of Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) in Cosmetic Hair Dye Preparations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Photo Diode Array

Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) is a prohibited component in cosmetics, particularly in hair color formulations. The purpose of this investigation is to discover the coloring additive Acid Red 73 in cosmetic hair dye formulations. Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) is a sulfonated azo dye that is manufactured to be more hazardous than other colors and is damaging to the body. Based on variations in polarity and solubility, Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) is separated from the sample matrix and identified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array (HPLC-PDA). The findings obtained from the tested samples satisfied the criteria since they did not include Acid Red 73 (CI 27290), as indicated by the difference in retention time and wavelength between the sample, the standard solution, and the spiked sample solution on the chromatogram.