Cosmeceutical Formulations Research Articles

Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Crude Procyanidin Extract from Green Soybean Seed and the Stability of Bioactive Compounds in an Anti-Aging Skin Care Formulation

Green soybean (Glycine max L.) seed contains a high procyanidin content and high antioxidant activity. Moreover, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has proved to be advantageous in providing high extraction efficiency. Hence, this study aimed to extract procyanidins from green soybean seeds (GSSs) using UAE. This study also evaluated the inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and the cytotoxic effects of crude procyanidin extract. The extract exhibited maximum levels of bioactive components and antioxidant capacity when subjected to a temperature of 15 °C and an extraction time of 20 min. The crude procyanidin extract at a concentration of 10 mg/mL inhibited the tyrosinase enzyme by more than 60%, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value obtained for the extract was 6.85 ± 0.81 mg/mL. This result was much greater than the IC50 value obtained for kojic acid (0.089 ± 0.08 mg/mL), which was used as a positive control. For the cytotoxicity assessment, the results indicated that the crude procyanidin extract showed no cytotoxicity and actually stimulated the growth of human skin fibroblast cells. More than 80% of the bioactive compounds (total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), procyanidin content (PC)) and antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) of the crude extract powder were retained at 38.68 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g, 16.07 ± 0.01 mg CAE/g, 9.24 ± 0.01 mg PC/g, 359.8 ± 0.72 μM Trolox eq/g, and 1640 ± 2.86 μM Trolox eq/g, respectively, after 12 weeks of storage at 25 °C. The crude procyanidin extract powder was then included in a facial serum formulation and tested for pH value and physical evaluation. The stability of the crude procyanidin extract facial serum was shown to be greater for bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity when stored at a temperature of 4 °C than when stored at a temperature of 25 °C. These results suggest that the GSS extracts obtained via ultrasonication show promise for use in cosmeceutical formulations for whitening skincare products.

Natural Dyes: A Comprehensive Review on Medicinal Plant-based Pigments and Culinary Herbs as Flavor Enhancers

The global demand for natural dyes has surged, propelled by a growing awareness of the therapeutic properties inherent in these dyes. Derived from a variety of sources such as plants, insects, animals, and minerals, natural dyes have garnered attention as safer alternatives to synthetic colorants, many of which have been banned due to their potential to cause allergy-like symptoms or pose carcinogenic risks. Notably, plant-based pigments among natural dyes exhibit a diverse array of medicinal values. This review provides an in-depth exploration of various types of dyes, highlighting the distinctions between natural and synthetic counterparts and delvloping into their wide-ranging applications. The adverse effects associated with synthetic dyes are discussed, emphasizing the need for sustainable alternatives. The paper also offers a compilation of information on synonyms, biological sources, chemical constituents, and uses found in naturally occurring dye-yielding plants, aiming to contribute to the development of pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical formulations. This comprehensive review amalgamates the realms of natural dyes and culinary herbs, offering valuable insights into their medicinal and culinary significance.

Marine Drugs for Topical Nanoformulation and Cosmeceutical Applications

Marine sources, such as phytoplankton and zooplankton from seas or oceans that correspond to various marine ecosystems, are the sources of marine pharmaceuticals. These medications have been utilized as active ingredients in cosmeceutical formulas to treat a range of skin conditions. Cosmeceuticals, or cosmetic products with an active pharmaceutical ingredient that imparts therapeutic efficacy or has benefits similar to those of medicine for skin health, are characterized as cosmetics plus medicines. Algae, fungi, sea cucumbers, seaweed, corals, prawns, and other marine organisms can all produce medicinal components that effectively treat wrinkles, blemishes, aging, hyperpigmentation, and oxidation. Because these medications and sources are natural, they have few or no negative effects on the skin. The skin is the site of action for the topical distribution of marine medicines and cosmeceuticals to treat this condition. This study investigates a viable nano-delivery method for marine medications in cosmetics, providing long-term and practical means of improving skin health and treating dermatological issues. The focus of this review is on marine medications, their chemical components, cosmeceutical usage, and the pathophysiology of various dermatological conditions. Additionally, raw ingredients used as excipients in cosmeceutical formulations can be sourced from marine species. Because of massive industrialization, unsustainability has become a major research topic. Marine chemicals, on the other hand, are highly eco-friendly and sustainable. A thorough analysis of the literature in this area focuses on the effects of different marine chemicals on the skin, as well as on the physicochemical parameters and post-formulation evaluations. As far as current research and prospects go, the cosmetics and cosmeceuticals sector is a better fit for marine pharmaceuticals when treating skin conditions.

Rice (Oryza sativa) Stem Cells as a Novel Promising Active Ingredient with Anti-Proliferative Effects for Potential Skin Cancer Prevention and Skin Whitening Activity.

Rice is one of the plants proven to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and whitening properties, making it one of the most beneficial plants in this regard. This study aimed to introduce a novel natural cosmetic and pharmaceutical product based on rice callus as a source of active ingredients that can inhibit skin melanoma cell (B16F10) proliferation and brighten the skin. The 2,4-D hormone at concentrations of 1 µg/mL and 1.5 µg/mL was used to induce rice callus formation. Rice callus extracts were then prepared using aqueous and ethanolic solvents, with a concentration of 1 mg/mL used for characterization tests. To determine the optimal hormone concentration, the phenols/flavonoids, antioxidant activity, proteins, and carbohydrates in the extracts were measured. The optimal concentration of the hormone was found to be 1 µg/mL. Finally, the anti-melanocyte and skin-whitening activity of the extracts was assessed through measurements of their cytotoxicity and inhibition of melanin synthesis-related enzymes. Cellular cytotoxicity measurements revealed that the ethanolic extract induced more cytotoxicity than the aqueous extract, with IC50 values of 566.3 µg/mL for the ethanolic extract and 1327 µg/mL for the aqueous extract. Skin-whitening-related tests demonstrated that the extracts were 1.7 times more effective than arbutin in inhibiting factors that cause hyperpigmentation. The aqueous extract achieved 85% inhibition of melanin biosynthesis at a concentration of 3200 µg/mL, compared to 68% for the ethanolic extract and 50% for arbutin. Based on these findings, rice callus extract can be introduced as a new, effective substance for skin-lightening and anti-melanocyte products in cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical formulations.

Cosmetic retinoid use in photoaged skin: A review of the compounds, their use and mechanisms of action.

The inevitable attrition of skin due to ultraviolet radiation, termed photoaging, can be partially restored by treatment with retinoid compounds. Photoaged skin in lightly pigmented individuals, clinically presents with the appearance of wrinkles, increased laxity, and hyper- and hypopigmentation. Underlying these visible signs of ageing are histological features such as epidermal thinning, dermal-epidermal junction flattening, solar elastosis and loss of the dermal fibrillin microfibrillar network, fibrillar collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Retinoid compounds are comprised of three main generations with the first generation (all-trans retinoic acid, retinol, retinaldehyde and retinyl esters) primarily used for the clinical and cosmetic treatment of photoaging, with varying degrees of efficacy, tolerance and stability. All-trans retinoic acid is considered the 'gold standard' for skin rejuvenation; however, it is a prescription-only product largely confined to clinical use. Therefore, retinoid derivatives are readily incorporated into cosmeceutical formulations. The literature reported in this review suggests that retinol, retinyl esters and retinaldehyde that are used in many cosmeceutical products, are efficacious, safe and well-tolerated. Once in the skin, retinoids utilize a complex signalling pathway that promotes remodelling of photoaged epidermis and dermis and leads to the improvement of the cutaneous signs of photoaging.

Evaluation of Anti-tyrosinase, Anti-collagenase, and <i>In Vitro</i> Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of Ajwa Date Fruit (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L.)

This research explores the potential of Ajwa date fruit extract as a bioactive component in cosmeceutical formulations, with particular emphasis on its anti-tyrosinase, anti-collagenase, and ultraviolet (UV) protection capabilities. The antioxidant activity was determined using the design of response surface methodology, considering the factor of sample-to-water-as-solvent ratio, extraction time, and size of the sample. This factor possesses the capacity to exert an influence on the production of antioxidants and enhance the efficacy of the extraction procedure. The Ajwa date fruit extract was obtained using the Soxhlet method. The extract showed notable inhibition percentages of 67.77 and 49.12 for anti-tyrosinase and anti-collagenase activities, respectively. Additionally, it revealed a sun protection factor value of 17.09. Previous research has indicated that Ajwa dates exhibit significant inhibitory properties against tyrosinase and collagenase enzymes, making them potentially valuable in cosmetic applications. Therefore, research has demonstrated this study’s promise in skin pigmentation, elasticity, and UV protection. The study places significant importance on exploring natural alternatives in cosmetics. It highlights the encouraging outcomes obtained from using Ajwa date fruit extract, emphasising its potential for future advancements in cosmeceuticals. The present study offers a valuable opportunity to produce skincare formulas that are both safer and more effective.

Exploring the In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Aging, and Cytotoxic Properties of Kaempferia galanga Linn. Rhizome Extracts for Cosmeceutical Formulations

Exploring the In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Aging, and Cytotoxic Properties of Kaempferia galanga Linn. Rhizome Extracts for Cosmeceutical Formulations

O07 Lower doses of retinol facilitate cell proliferation and epidermal thickening in photoaged skin

Abstract Introduction and aims Chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation leads to cutaneous hypertrophic photoageing which clinically manifests as wrinkles, skin laxity and hyperpigmentation. This photoaged phenotype is underscored by a remodelled cutaneous microenvironment including epidermal thinning and rete ridge flattening. We have previously shown that cosmeceutical formulations of 0.3% and 1% retinol can effectively induce epidermal thickening and keratinocyte proliferation. However, these concentrations require careful usage to limit potential irritancy issues, highlighting a need to explore the benefits of lower dose retinol for daily skincare. Therefore, we compare the efficacy of lower doses of retinol in facilitating epidermal thickness and proliferation in photoaged skin, as this currently remains unknown. Methods Using the in vivo Manchester Patch Test Assay, test substances (vehicle and retinol at concentrations of 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 1%) were applied under occlusion to extensor forearms of healthy but photoaged volunteers (three men, three women; age range 66–86 years) for 12 days. Resultant skin biopsies were processed for histological assessment of epidermal thickness and keratinocyte proliferation. Results Epidermal thickness was significantly increased with 0.025% (P < 0.05), 0.05%, 0.1% and 1% (all P < 0.01) retinol treatment, compared with baseline or vehicle. Immunofluorescence staining of the proliferation marker Ki67 identified elevated keratinocyte proliferation following retinol treatment (P < 0.05 for 0.025%, 0.05% and 1%) compared with baseline. Although Ki67 expression in the 0.1% retinol treatment was elevated, significance was not achieved compared with baseline. However, compared with the vehicle, all retinol concentrations significantly increased Ki67 expression (P < 0.05). Clinically, 50% of volunteers showed an erythemal irritancy response to 1% retinol only. Conclusions We established that lower doses of retinol are capable of inducing keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal thickening without irritancy issues. Therefore, long-term effective treatment of photoaged skin with low-dose retinol products may be the preferred choice for individuals where retinol sensitivity has previously been an issue.

Utilization of Multi-Ionic Interaction of Yumoto Hot Springs for Enhancing the Moisturizing Properties of Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt

Hot spring (HS) waters manifest diverse positive effects on the skin due to their unique chemical compositions. Sodium hyaluronate acid (HA) comprises N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid, and distinguishes itself with superior qualities in skin regeneration, providing moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. The combination of HA with HS water is widely applied across ophthalmology, pneumology, nutrition, and cosmetics. This study delved into the application of HA in cosmetology, with a focus on its interaction with HS water and its effects on moisture retention and promoting wound healing. In particular, with the alkaline pH levels of the Yumoto HS, HA molecules may undergo dissociation to be ionized resulting in a negatively charged polymer and interacting with positively charged ions in the HS water through electrostatic interactions. The shifted peaks in the FTIR result and zeta potential shifts to a less negative region in the case of HA-HS compared to HA-DI indicate an ionic interaction between HS water and HA. Moisture tests confirmed the sustained hydration when HA is dissolved in HS water, underscoring its potential to improve skin hydration at certain concentrations, specifically at 0.5% and 1%. Additionally, MTT assay results demonstrated that HS water stimulates the growth of fibroblast cells compared to distilled water, implying its potential beneficial effect in wound healing. These findings suggested the multifaceted benefits of HAHS in skincare, highlighting its role in enhancing skin hydration and potentially accelerating wound healing processes, thus presenting avenues for the development of advanced cosmeceutical formulations.

Concept of Cosmetology and its Historical Background in Unani Perspective

Unani physicians have paid great attention to the use of cosmetics since very ancient times. Around 4000 BC first archaeological evidence of cosmetics usage was found in ancient Egypt. The use of perfumes, oils, burning of aromatic incense, copper eye shadows, lamp black for eyes and dying of hairs red were in practice by ancient Egyptians. Unani literature is very rich in cosmeceutical formulations taking care of appearance and dealing with cosmetic diseases in humans. In Unani classical text like Kitab-ul-Mansoori, Al-Hawi-fil-Tib, Kamil-us-Sana, Al-Qanoon-fit-Tib, Zakheera-e-Khwarzam Shahi, the details of cosmetics are mentioned under the headings of Tazeeniyaat. This systematic review can be concluded that various cosmetics and cosmeceuticals prevailing in contemporary era may have been introduced or inspired by these physicians. There are several single drugs or compound formulations described in Unani classical text. Unani cosmetics can be a very good choice owing to their range, low cost and safety and can also be incorporated as an adjuvant in several contemporary preparation. There are several Unani cosmeceuticals are described in unani classical text like Solid Cosmeceutical (Ghaza, Ghaliya, Kajal), Semi-solid Cosmeceutical (Tila, Zimad, Ubtan) and Liquid cosmeceutical (Ghusool, Pashoya).
 Keywords: Unani Medicine, Cosmetics, Cosmeceuticals, Tazeeniyaat

Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.: unveiling its multifaceted nature in nutrition, diverse applications, and advanced extraction methods

AbstractRosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. or Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.) is an aromatic herb renowned for its culinary, medicinal, and industrial significance. This review offers a multifaceted exploration of rosemary, delving into its nutritional composition, traditional culinary applications, and historical uses in traditional medicine. The review extends to cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, elucidating rosemary’s role as a natural preservative and its integration into cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical formulations. Extraction methods, both classical and contemporary, are critically examined, with an emphasis on recent sustainable approaches and their impact on bioactive compounds. This work concludes with a forward-looking perspective, discussing innovative extraction techniques, advanced technologies, and the potential commercial viability of rosemary-related industries. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource, offering insights into the diverse dimensions of rosemary, from traditional applications to cutting-edge advancements in extraction science.

3D Bioprinted Human Skin Model Recapitulating Native-Like Tissue Maturation and Immunocompetence as an Advanced Platform for Skin Sensitization Assessment.

Physiologically-relevant in vitro skin models hold the utmost importance for efficacy assessments of pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical formulations, offering valuable alternatives to animal testing. Here, an advanced immunocompetent 3D bioprinted human skin model is presented to assess skin sensitization. Initially, a photopolymerizable bioink is formulated using silk fibroin methacrylate, gelatin methacrylate, and photoactivated human platelet releasate. The developed bioink shows desirable physicochemical and rheological attributes for microextrusion bioprinting. The tunable physical and mechanical properties of bioink are modulated through variable photocuring time for optimization. Thereafter, the bioink is utilized to 3D bioprint "sandwich type" skin construct where an artificial basement membrane supports a biomimetic epidermal layer on one side and a printed pre-vascularized dermal layer on the other side within a transwell system. The printed construct is further cultured in the air-liquid interface for maturation. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated a differentiated keratinocyte layer and dermal extracellular matrix (ECM)-remodeling by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The biochemical estimations and gene-expression analysis validate the maturation of the printed model. The incorporation of macrophages further enhances the physiological relevance of the model. This model effectively classifies skin irritative and non-irritative substances, thus establishing itself as a suitable pre-clinical screening platform for sensitization tests.

Development and Evaluation of Polyherbal Cold Cream

Herbal cosmetics are products intended to enhance and beautify human appearances. In order to nourish and moisturize the skin, the current study set out to formulate and evaluate herbal cold creams that contained plant extracts, liquid paraffin as a lubricating agent, bees Cetyl alcohol, stearic acid and distilled water paraben as a antibacterial agent by using the water in oil method. The cold cream is prepared by using the neem oil and almond oil. After preparation of cream, cream was evaluated for different parameters like appearance, PH, viscosity, stability test, dye test, spread ability & Test for microbial growth. From evaluation study it was concluded that it is a very good attempt to formulate the herbal face pack containing naturally available ingredients like Gudhal, Gauva and Tea plant. It was also concluded that the prepared formulation was physio-chemically and microbiologically stable, and possessed characteristics of a standard cosmeceutical's formulation for skincare

Vitamin C compounds mixture prevents skin barrier alterations and inflammatory responses upon real life multi pollutant exposure.

Cutaneous tissues is among the main target of outdoor stressors such as ozone (O3 ), particulate matter (PM), and ultraviolet radiation (UV) all involved in inducing extrinsic skin aging. Only a few reports have studied the multipollutant interaction and its effect on skin damage. In the present work, we intended to evaluate the ability of pollutants such as O3 and PM to further aggravate cutaneous UV damage. In addition, the preventive properties of a cosmeceutical formulation mixture (AOX mix) containing 15% vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid), 1% vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and 0.5% ferulic acid was also investigated. Skin explants obtained from three different subjects were exposed to 200 mJ UV light, 0.25 ppm O3 for 2 h, and 30 min of diesel engine exhaust (DEE), alone or in combination for 4 days (time point D1 and D4). The results showed a clear additive effect of O3 and DEE in combination with UV in terms of keratin 10, Desmocollin and Claudin loss. In addition, the multipollutant exposure significantly induced the inflammatory response measured as NLRP1/ASC co-localization suggesting the activation of the inflammasome machinery. Finally, the loss of Aquaporin3 was also affected by the combined outdoor stressors. Furthermore, daily topical pre-treatment with the AOX Mix significantly prevented the cutaneous changes induced by the multipollutants. In conclusion, this study is among the first to investigate the combined effects of three of the most harmful outdoor stressors on human skin and confirms that daily topical of an antioxidant application may prevent pollution-induced skin damage.

Electrosprayed Nanoparticles Containing Mangiferin-Rich Extract from Mango Leaves for Cosmeceutical Application.

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most economically important fruits in Thailand. Mango has been used as a traditional medicine because it possesses many biological activities, such as antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties, microorganism-growth inhibition, etc. Among its natural pharmacologically active compounds, mangiferin is the main active component found in mango leaves. Mangiferin has the potential to treat a variety of diseases due to its multifunctional activities. This study aims to prepare a mangiferin-rich extract (MRE) from mango leaves and develop nanoparticles containing the MRE using an electrospraying technique to apply it in a cosmeceutical formulation. The potential cosmeceutical mechanisms of the MRE were investigated using proteomic analysis. The MRE is involved in actin-filament organization, the positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization, etc. Moreover, the related mechanism to its cosmeceutical activity is metalloenzyme-activity regulation. Nanoparticles were prepared from 0.8% w/v MRE and 2% w/v Eudragit® L100 solution using an electrospraying process. The mean size of the MRE-loaded nanoparticles (MNPs) received was 247.8 nm, with a PDI 0.271. The MRE entrapment by the process was quantified as 84.9%, indicating a high encapsulation efficiency. For the skin-retention study, the mangiferin content in the MNP-containing emulsion-gel membranes was examined and found to be greater than in the membranes of the MRE solution, illustrating that the MNPs produced by the electrospraying technique help transdermal delivery for cosmetic applications.

Research Progress in The Application of Bioactive Peptides in Cosmeceutical Products

Consumer demand for natural source cosmeceutical products with protective and therapeutic functions has prompted the cosmeceutical industry to look for alternative active ingredients. Natural bioactive peptides have single or multifunctional biological properties, such as anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant activities, etc., which can promote the improvement of skin health by providing specific physiological functions, and are ideal raw materials for the development of medicinal cosmetics. In this paper, the preparation and characterization methods of bioactive peptides were reviewed, and the bioactivities of peptides related to their potential cosmeceutical applications were introduced in detail, and the challenges and opportunities of developing bioactive peptide-based cosmeceutical formulations were expounded, so as to provide references for the application and commercial development of natural bioactive peptides in the field of medicinal cosmetics.

Development of novel topical cosmeceutical formulations with antimicrobial activity against acne-causing microorganisms from <em>Coriandrum sativum</em> L.

Spices possess a diverse array of natural phytochemicals with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Hence spices could be employed to treat chronic dermatologic conditions like acne vulgaris which involves infection of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus, and inflammation. Particularly with the emergence of antibiotic resistance, there is an utmost necessity for the development of novel therapeutic agents for the management of acne. Thus, this study was focused on the development of novel topical gel formulations from the seeds of Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) and to evaluate the antibacterial potential against some acne-causing bacterial species. Initially, the antibacterial effects of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were screened against S. aureus and P. acnes by agar well diffusion assay. Thereafter, ethyl acetate extract of C. sativum was incorporated at predetermined three different concentrations into a novel topical gel base. Agar well diffusion assay and the broth microdilution method were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the resulting formulations. Interestingly, all three formulations inhibited the growth of P. acnes and S. aureus, with the highest activity in the formulation comprised of 15% w/w of the seed extract. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity and physical parameters like pH, color, and consistency of these formulations were retained during the storage period of 30 days, demonstrating their suitability as effective therapeutic alternatives in the management of acne vulgaris.

Simultaneous Estimation of Curcumin and Vitamin E in Bulk and Cosmeceutical Formulation by UV Spectrophotometry

The goal of present study is to validate the developed assay method per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2R1 recommendations and create a sensitive, reproducible, and practical method for detecting curcumin and Vitamin E in pure and in cosmeceutical formulations. With the creation and validation of a straightforward, accurate, and repeatable UV spectrophotometric method, curcumin and vitamin E in bulk and cosmeceutical formulation may now be determined simultaneously. The need for a new technique to estimate curcumin and vitamin E in a cosmeceutical formulation has become more pressing due to the lack of a well-described UV analytical method for doing so. Q absorption at 231 and 285 nm were used in the calculation. Vitamin E (16–24 μg/mL) and curcumin (8–12 μg/mL) both behave according to Beer-Lambert’s law at the designated wavelengths. The recovery experiments verified the method’s adherence to ICH standards for accuracy, precision, and resilience. The method under consideration can be employed to accurately determine the quantities of vitamin E and curcumin present in a cosmeceutical formulation

Development of Spray Dried Spirulina Protein-Berry Pomace Polyphenol Particles to Attenuate Pollution-Induced Skin Damage: A Convergent Food-Beauty Approach.

Spray drying (SD) microencapsulation of phytochemicals from berry pomaces with Spirulina protein (SP) was incorporated into a cosmeceutical topical formulation to mitigate pollution skin damage. Initially, microparticles produced with SP and polyphenols recovered from fruit pomaces (elderberry SP-EB and muscadine grape SP-MG) were characterized regarding physicochemical and phytochemical content (polyphenol load, carotenoid and phycocyanin contents and antioxidant activity). SP had low total phenolic content (7.43 ± 0.23 mg GAE/g DW), but complexation with elderberry or muscadine grape pomaces polyphenols led to a substantial increase (27.63 ± 1.15 SP-EB and 111.0 ± 2.6 mg GAE/g DW SP-MG). SP-MG particles had higher anthocyanin (26.87 ± 1.25 mg/g) and proanthocyanidin (9.02 ± 0.74 mg/g) contents compared to SP-EB particles. SP-MG were prioritized to prepare a topical gel to attenuate skin oxinflammatory markers and prevent skin barrier disruption using ex vivo human biopsies exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DEE). The immunofluorescence results showed increased oxidative protein damage and inflammation associated with impaired skin barrier function after DEE exposure while topical application of gel formulated with SP-MG mitigated these effects. Overall, this study demonstrated that protein-polyphenol complexation is a synergistic strategy to stabilize and deliver residual fruit/algae phytoactives into cosmeceutical products for skin health applications.

Formulation, characterization of Quercus infectoria (Olivier) emulsions, and in vitro, in vivo evaluation as cosmeceutical formulation.

Pharmacological properties of Quercus infectoria Olivier (galls) have been determined to be astringent, antidiabetic, antipyretic, anti-tremor, local anesthetic, and anti-parkinsonism. The galls of Quercus infectoria have been used for millennia in traditional oriental medicine in Asian nations to treat inflammatory illnesses. The study's objective was to create a Quercus infectoria Olivier gall extract in stable water in oil (w/o) emulsion and to check its effects on the mechanical properties of skin and antiaging effects. The galls were macerated in absolute methanol. Quercus infectoria Olivier gall extract's antioxidant property was evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) technique. Stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, KOH, glycerin, and distilled water were used to create the emulsion. The test (with extract) and control (without extract) emulsions were made, respectively, using the same process. Stability tests (color, liquefaction, microscopy, phase separation, and pH) are performed in in vitro, lasted 72 days at four distinct storage temperatures that is 8°C, 25°C, 40°C, and 40°C + 75% RH for both the control and test formulations. By using spectrophotometry, the (SPF) sun protection factors of the two formulations were calculated at various concentrations. Extract from Quercus infectoria underwent phytochemical investigation as well. The results showed that Quercus infectoria Olivier has antioxidant and (SPF) sun protection properties, reduce sebum, increases elasticity and stable emulsion containing 04% Quercus infectoria gall extract which might be used as topical antiaging formulation.