Corylus Mandshurica Research Articles

Predicting the Impact of Climate Change on Corylus Species Distribution in China: Integrating Climatic, Topographic, and Anthropogenic Factors.

This study investigates the impact of climate change on the distribution of Corylus species in China using the MaxEnt model. Key environmental variables, such as Bio6 (mean temperature of the coldest month) and human footprint, emerged as significant determinants of habitat suitability. The study reveals substantial shifts in suitable habitats due to global warming and increased precipitation, with notable expansion towards higher latitudes. Species like Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Bess. and Corylus mandshurica Maxim. demonstrate resilience in extreme conditions, highlighting the importance of specific ecological traits for conservation. Future projections under various SSP scenarios predict continued habitat expansion, emphasizing the need for targeted conservation strategies to address the critical role of human activities. This research highlights the complex interplay between climatic, topographic, and anthropogenic factors in shaping Corylus habitats, advocating for integrated adaptive management approaches to ensure their sustainability amid ongoing climate change.

Post-Pyrogenic Successions in Oak-Korean Pine Forests with Schisandra chinensis and Corylus mandshurica in Sikhote-Alin

This article discusses the results of long-term stationary studies of the formation and development of oak-cedar pine forests with magnolia berry and hazel growing in the Southern and Middle Sikhote-Alin. Considered here are the peculiarities of stands decline, seed-based reforestation, as well as the tree species growth and development courses during the process of reforestation successions in areas with different intensity of fire exposure. Following persistent ground fires, the stands decline is most intensive in the first 5 years, with decay rates and the number of surviving trees varying in different types of burnt areas. The most active seed-based reforestation occurs on post-fire sites mainly during the first 2 years, with birch, aspen and other early stage species predominating. The rate of annual growth of the young generation of trees is the most intensive on plots significantly damaged by fire, in serial species (birch, aspen, Maak’s bird cherry, etc.) they are an order of magnitude higher than in climax broadleaved and coniferous species. Determination of dominance indices, equally dependent on the numbers of undergrowth, thin and large trees, showed that during reforestation successions after both rapid and persistent lowland fires, the phytocenotic importance dynamics in Korean pine, Mongolian oak and other forest forming species has its own peculiarities.

The seasonal dynamics of cross-sectional tissue characteristics of Corylus mandshurica twig, petiole, and leaf vein are inconsistent

This study aims to explore how the environment affects the variation and trade-offs of anatomical traits in shrub plants, contributing to a deeper understanding of plant survival strategies and mechanisms of adaptation to the environment. The dominant shrub species Corylus mandshurica in the broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest was selected as the research subject. Current-year twigs and leaves of C. mandshurica were collected in spring (May), summer (July), and autumn (September). Anatomical traits, including non-vascular column proportion (NVP), vascular column proportion (VP), phloem proportion (PP), and xylem proportion (XP), were measured for twigs, lower part of petioles, upper part of petioles, and leaf veins. We found that (1) Compared with seasons, organ type explained most of the variation in the four traits (NVP = 96 %, VP = 87 %, PP = 81 %, XP = 76 %). Lower part of petioles served as the turning point in the variation trend of tissue proportions in cross-sectional structure along the sequence of twigs, lower part of petioles, upper part of petioles, and leaf veins. (2) In spring, C. mandshurica exhibits higher NVP but lower VP and PP, while the results in summer and autumn are opposite to those in spring. Among different organs, twigs show lower NVP but higher VP and XP; whereas petioles and leaf veins show the opposite pattern. (3) Both hydrothermal conditions (monthly precipitation and mean monthly temperature) and light (canopy openness and total transmitted radiation) were the dominant environmental factors influencing anatomical trait variation. In different seasons, the response of NVP and VP in C. mandshurica twigs to dominant environmental factors was opposite to that of lower part of petioles, upper part of petioles, and leaf veins. The response of cross-sectional anatomical traits of current-year twigs, petioles, and leaf veins in C. mandshurica to seasonal changes exhibits distinct characteristics. Furthermore, twigs, petioles, and leaf veins demonstrate distinct survival strategies. Future research should focus on the variation of traits in different plant organs and their connecting parts.

Study on Extraction, Identification, and Biological Activity of Compounds in Leaves of <i>Corylus mandshurica</i>

Study on Extraction, Identification, and Biological Activity of Compounds in Leaves of <i>Corylus mandshurica</i>

Nutritional Value and Structure Characterization of Protein Components of Corylus mandshurica Maxim.

Alternative protein sources for the human diet may help overcome the growing food pressure. Plants with abundant resources and high protein content are potential sources. In this article, graded proteins and isolated proteins from Corylus mandshurica Maxim kernels were extracted by the Osborne procedure and the alkali-solution and acid-isolation method, respectively, and the contents of the five proteins, and the differences in nutritional value and structural properties of the main proteins, were investigated. Amino acid analysis revealed that the total essential amino acids in the five proteins ranged from 249.58 to 324.52 mg/g. The essential amino acid profiles in the proteins were similar to those of FAO/WHO except for the alcohol-soluble protein. The essential amino acid indices ranged from 58.59 to 72.19 and the biological values ranged from 52.16 to 66.99, and the highest nutritional indices were found for the isolate and water-soluble protein, which were 41.68 and 55.78, respectively. The molecular weight pattern distribution of the protein isolates of the Corylus mandshurica Maxim kernel was more similar to that of the water-soluble proteins by SDS-PAGE. The β-sheet and α-helix were the main secondary structures in the two protein fractions. The fluorescence spectra showed that the maximum fluorescence intensity of the two proteins and their λmax were also somewhat different. From the perspective of microscopic morphology, the two proteins are mainly compact and irregular lamellar structures, but the surface of the water-soluble protein is more flat and regular. Both proteins have good solubility, and the water-soluble protein has higher solubility. In general, the protein isolates of the Corylus mandshurica Maxim kernel and the water-soluble protein showed their potential as plant protein resources.

Effects of habitat differences on the scatter-hoarding behaviour of rodents (Mammalia, Rodentia) in temperate forests.

To discover the differences in hoarding strategies of rodents for different seeds in different habitats, we labelled and released three different types of seeds, including Pinuskoraiensis, Corylusmandshurica, and Quercusmongolica, in temperate forests of northeastern China and investigated the fate of seeds in four different habitats that included a broad-leaved forest, mixed-forest edge, mixed forest, and artificial larch forest. Our research showed that the hoarding strategy of rodents was found to vary substantially in different habitats. The survival curves of seeds from different habitats showed the same trend, but the rates of consumption in different habitats varied. More than 50% of the seeds in the four habitats were consumed by the tenth day. It took 20 days to consume more than 70% of the seeds. The rate of consumption of P.koraiensis seeds reached 96.70%; 99.09% of the C.mandshurica seeds were consumed, and 93.07% of the Q.mongolica seeds were consumed. The seeds were consumed most quickly in the artificial larch forest. In general, most of the early seeds were quickly devoured. After day 20, the consumption gradually decreased. Rodents found the seeds in the artificial larch forest in a shorter average time than those in the other types of forests. The average earliest discovery time was 1.4 ± 0.9 d (1-3 d). The average earliest discovery time in all the other three habitats exceeded 7 d. The median removal times (MRT) was distributed around the seeds at 14.24 ± 10.53 d (1-60 d). There were significant differences in the MRT among different habitats. It was shortest in the artificial larch forest at 7.67 ± 6.80 d (1-28 d). In contrast, the MRT in the broad-leaved forest was the longest at 17.52 ± 12.91 d (4-60 d). There were significant differences in the MRT between the artificial larch forest and the other habitats. There was less predation of the three types of seeds at the mixed-forest edge, and the most seeds were dispersed. The rates of predation of the P.koraiensis, C.mandshurica, and Q.mongolica seeds were 28.33%, 15.83%, and 44.0%, and 59.17%, 84.17%, and 48.0% of the seeds were dispersed, respectively. The average dispersal distances of all the seeds were less than 6 m, and the longest distance recorded was 18.66 m. The dispersal distances and burial depths differed significantly among the four types of habitats. The distance of seed dispersal was primarily distributed in 1-6 m.

Effects of season and food on the scatter-hoarding behavior of rodents in temperate forests of Northeast China

To explore the differences in hoarding strategies of rodents for different seeds in various seasons, we labeled and released the seeds of Pinus koraiensis, Corylus mandshurica, Quercus mongolica and Prunus sibirica in temperate forests of Northeast China and investigated the fate of the seeds in spring and autumn. The analysis showed that the hoarding strategies of the rodents varied substantially between seasons. The seeds were consumed faster in the spring than in the autumn. More than 50% of the seeds in the two seasons were consumed by the 16th day. It took 36 days to consume 75% of the seeds in the spring and 44 days in the autumn. The rate of consumption of the seeds in the spring was greater than in the autumn, and the rate of spread of the seeds was greater in the autumn. The distances of removal for the consumption and dispersal of seeds in the spring (3.26 ± 3.21 m and 4.15 ± 3.52 m, respectively) were both shorter than those in the autumn (3.74 ± 3.41 m and 4.87 ± 3.94 m, respectively). In addition, the fate of different seeds varied significantly owing to differences in hoarding strategies. The seeds of the three preferred species, P. koraiensis, C. mandshurica, and Q. mongolica, were quickly consumed. More than 90% of the seeds of these species were consumed. Only 21% of Pr. sibirica seeds were slowly consumed, and the two seasons had the same seed consumption rate patterns: the consumption rate of P. koraiensis seeds was the highest, followed by C. mandshurica, then Q. mongolica, and finally Pr. sibirica. The median removal times of the two seasons were different, but the rules were the same: P. koraiensis was the shortest, followed by C. mandshurica, and the third was Q. mongolica. In both seasons, the most predated in situ seeds were those of P. koraiensis; the most hoarded seeds were those of C. mandshurica, and the most unconsumed seeds were those of Pr. sibirica.

Variation of morphological and anatomical traits of fine roots of three plant species in Xiao-xing'an Mountains, China

We measured the morphological and anatomical traits of fine roots with 1-5 order in needleleaf species of Pinus koraiensis, broadleaf species of Acer mono, and shrub of Corylus mandshurica, with the aim to understand trait variations among root orders and species. The results showed that there was no significant difference in root diameter and root length among the three species, but was significant inter-specific differences in other traits. The stele diameter (117.91-2392.05 μm) and stele to diameter ratio (0.31-1.87) of P. koraiensis were significantly greater than that of A. mono and C. mandshurica, whereas tissue density of A. mono was significantly higher than that of P. koraiensis and C. mandshurica. Root diameter, root length, tissue density, stele diameter and stele to diameter ratio all increased with root order, but specific root length decreased for the three species. For all the species, there was a significant correlation between morphological and anatomical traits, such as root diameter and stele diameter, but the regression slope was significantly different between the absorption root (1-3 order) and the transport root (4-5 order). Root diameter was significantly positively correlated with stele diameter and cortical thickness of the three species, with the regression slope being significantly different among species.

The effects of masting on rodent-mediated seed dispersal interaction of sympatric tree species

The predator satiation hypothesis (PSH) and the seed dispersal hypothesis (SDH) are widely adopted to predict the effects of masting on seed dispersal. However, the effects of masting composition on rodent-mediated seed dispersal interaction of sympatric tree species are largely overlooked in testing the two hypotheses. Here, masting in Quercus mongolica and Corylus mandshurica with contrasting seed traits was studied over two masting years and three non-masting years in a temperate deciduous forest in northeastern China, to investigate how masting composition regulates the indirect seed-seed interactions of sympatric tree species mediated by granivorous rodents. Our results showed that more seeds of Q. mongolica survived in seed stations and were less likely to be dispersed in masting years, well supporting the idea of PSH. However, seed dispersal of C. mandshurica was in congruence with the prediction of the SDH because of increased seed dispersal probability and dispersal distances in masting years. Rodents scatterhoarded more seeds of C. mandshurica not only in its own masting years but also in the masting years of another sympatric plant species, Q. mongolica, resulting in a positive relationship between seed caching and the sum of per capita seed availability. Moreover, masting of Q. mongolica or C. mandshurica decreased the proportion of seeds eaten by predators, benefiting each other’s seed survival. In addition, seeds of Q. mongolica were dispersed farther in the masting years of C. mandshurica despite rare seedling establishment. Our study using two sympatric masting tree species provided evidence that the effects of masting can be potentially influences by seed-seed interactions between sympatric tree species. We recommend that future work tests the PSH and SDH using long term data of several sympatric tree species, emphasizing the role of seed traits and seed-seed interactions in determining the effects of seed masting on tree regeneration.

Scatter-Hoarding the Seeds of Sympatric Forest Trees by Apodemus peninsulae in a Temperate Forest in Northeast China

As the main predator and disperser of seeds, rodents play an important role in the process of vegetation regeneration by adopting different foraging and hoarding strategies in forest ecosystems. Infrared automated detection cameras and seed-tagging methods were used to understand the effects of rodents on seeds in natural environments. We chose the dominant species Apodemus peninsulae (Korean field mouse) as the focus of this study, and seeds of the three species Pinus koraiensis, Corylus mandshurica and Quercus mongolica were released and tracked in a temperate forest in northeast China. The results showed that approximately 80% of the seeds were manipulated by A. peninsulae, 15.1% of the seeds were used as food, 20.4% of the seeds were handled after feeding, 41.3% of the seeds were handled during storage, and 23.3% of the seeds remained intact. In addition, A. peninsulae preferred Q. mongolica (85.3%) and P. koraiensis (85.6%) over C. mandshurica (59.2%). The rodents frequently hoarded seeds from every species in many small, close-range, widely dispersed, single scatter-hoarded caches around the seed station. Most caches were dispersed approximately 2–4 m from the seed station. The results indicated that A. peninsulae adopted significant discriminatory processing strategies for predation, consumption, dispersal and hoarding of the different seeds of sympatric species. Seed size, proportion of kernel mass, nutrient content, and hull thickness characteristics affected the scatter-hoarding decision processes.

Lipid Characterization of Chinese Wild Hazelnuts (Corylus mandshurica Maxim.).

To develop and use the hazelnut, the main composition, and the physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid compositions, triacylglycerol (TAG) distribution and tocol contents of Hazelnut (Corylus mandshurica Maxim.) which growing in Changbai mountain of Jilin province (HO1) and Anshan city of Liaoning province (HO2) in China were investigated, and the comparative study between the two hazelnut oils and American hazelnut / Turkish hazelnut were also explored. The content of crude lipid and protein in HO1 and HO2 were approximately 54% and 17%, 55% and 16%, respectively. The two hazelnut oils were abundant in unsaturated fatty acids, with the primary unsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid (78%-80%) and linoleic acid (14-16%), which accounted for above 90% of the oils. Therefore, both of the hazelnut oils were important sources of essential fatty acid. In addition, the main saturated fatty acid of the two hazelnut oils were palmitic acid (3%) and stearic acid (1-2%). The main triacylglycerols (TGA) profile were dioleolinolein (OOL), oleodilinolein (OLL) and triolein (OOO). The contents of tocol were 574.44 μg/g, 647.49 μg/g oil in HO1 and HO2, respectively, both of them were higher than that of grape seed oils (454 μg/g), olive oils (209 μg/g) and walnut oils (255 μg/g). The total phytosterol contents were over 2000μg/g and β-sitosterol was the most predominant sterol in two oils.

Resources and production of hazelnut in China

China is a center of diversity for Corylus. Eight species are native to China: Corylus heterophylla Fisch., Corylus mandshurica Maxim., Corylus kweichowensis Hu, Corylus chinensis Franch., Corylus fargesii C.K. Schneid., Corylus yunnanensis (Franch.) A. Camus, Corylus ferox Wall. and Corylus wangii Hu. The distribution of Corylus species ranges from 24°31’ to 51°42’N, covering 24 provinces in China, and the total area is about 1.67 billion ha. Among the wild Corylus species, about 90% of the coverage is C. heterophylla (“Pingzhen” in Chinese), which is the most valuable and utilized wild Corylus species in China. In the past, local people harvested the nuts from the wild Pingzhen shrubs. In recent years, the local people have begun to utilize cultural practices to manage wild Pingzhen hazelnut plants to improve nut yield and quality. Cultivars of C. avellana (“Ouzhen” in Chinese) were introduced to China at the beginning of 19th century, but there is limited information where they can grow and produce well in China. Beginning in the 1980s, interspecific hybridization was conducted with C. heterophylla as the female parent and C. avellana as the male parent and the resulting hybrids are called “Ping’ou” (Pingzhen × Ouzhen) in China. The selected hybrids are cold hardy with large nut size and high yield. To date, 14 cultivars of Ping’ou hybrids have been released. Ping’ou hybrid cultivar trials in different regions were established starting in the year 2000. Commercial orchards were established beginning in 2010, mostly in northern China. By 2016, the acreage of Ping’ou hybrids was 50,000 ha and it will continue to increase rapidly in China.

Species\u2013habitat associations in an old-growth temperate forest in northeastern China

BackgroundSpecies coexistence mechanisms and maintenance of biodiversity have long been considered important components of community ecology research. As one of the important mechanisms, species coexistence theory based on niche differentiation has received attention in past years. Thus, topography, through the formation of habitat heterogeneity, affects species distributions and coexistence. A 30-ha dynamic plot of mixed broadleaved-Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest is located in the Heilongjiang Fenglin National Nature Reserve. We examined species–habitat associations using the torus-translation method. We aim to understand the habitat associations of different species, life forms (shrubs, trees), and shade tolerance (light-demanding, midtolerant, shade-tolerant) across life stages (sapling, juvenile and mature), providing further evidence for the role of niche theory in temperate forests.ResultsOf the 33 species we tested, 28 species (84.8%) were at least significantly associated with one habitat type. Positive associations were more frequent in the valley and slope (shady and sunny) and less frequent on the ridge. Thirty-four significant positive associations with the five habitats were detected at three life stages (11, 11 and 12 at the sapling stage, juvenile stage, and mature stage, respectively). The trees were positively associated with the valley, and the shrubs were positively associated with sunny and ridge. The majority of species’ habitat preferences shifted among different life stages; the exceptions were Corylus mandshurica, Maackia amurensis, Quercus mongolica, Picea jezoensis and Acer ukurunduense, which had consistent associations with the same habitat at all stages. The midtolerant trees and midtolerant shrubs were positively correlated with sunny across the three life stages.ConclusionsMost species show habitat preferences in the plot. These results indicate that niche theory plays an important role in species coexistence. Most species have no consistent association with habitat at different life stages.

High genetic variability and complex population structure of the native Chinese hazelnut

Corylus mandshurica Maxim. belongs to the family Betulaceae and is an important economically and ecologically tree in China. Wild Corylus mandshurica resources have been gradually destroyed recently. Thus, investigation into the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation is indispensable for the efficient protection and breeding of Corylus mandshurica resources. A total of 347 individuals collected from 12 natural populations were investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. All 12 Corylus mandshurica populations showed various degrees of genetic diversity, with the value for the Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province population reflecting maximum genetic diversity. A UPGMA dendrogram was classified into two main clusters (Cluster I and Cluster II). Moreover, STRUCTURE analysis showed that the result of the divisions at K = 2 was highly related to the UPGMA dendrogram and PCoA scatter plot. The results of both FST and AMOVA suggested that there was low genetic differentiation among different populations. The high level of gene flow among populations can effectively prevent genetic drift. BARRIER analysis indicated that the first barrier boundary located between Cluster I and Cluster II was probably caused by the Yanshan Mountains. Our study provides valuable information for Corylus mandshurica conservation and breeding in the future.

Effects of tannins on population dynamics of sympatric seed-eating rodents: the potential role of gut tannin-degrading bacteria.

Chemical compounds in seeds exert negative and even lethal effects on seed-consuming animals. Tannin-degrading bacteria in the guts of small mammals have been associated with the ability to digest seeds high in tannins. At the population level, it is not known if tannins influence rodent species differently according to the composition of their gut microbiota. Here, we test the hypothesis that sympatric tree species with different tannins exert contrasting effects on population fluctuations of seed-eating rodents. We collected a 10-year dataset of seed crops and rodent population sizes and sequenced 16S rRNA of gut microbes. The abundance of Apodemus peninsulae was not correlated with seed crop of either high-tannin Quercus mongolica or low-tannin Corylus mandshurica, but positively correlated with their total seed crops. Abundance of Tamias sibiricus was negatively correlated with seed crop of Q. mongolica but positively correlated with C. mandshurica. Body masses of A. peninsulae and T. sibiricus decreased when given high-tannin food; however, only the survival of T. sibiricus was reduced. The abundance of microbial genus Lactobacillus exhibiting potential tannin-degrading activity was significantly higher in A. peninsulae than in T. sibiricus. Our results suggest that masting tree species with different tannin concentrations may differentially influence population fluctuations of seed predators hosting different gut microbial communities. Although the conclusion is based on just correlational analysis of a short time-series, seeds with different chemical composition may influence rodent populations differently. Future work should examine these questions further to understand the complex interactions among seeds, gut microbes, and animal populations.

Niche analysis of dominant species of forest community in Xiaowutai Mountain, China

This paper analyzed the niche breadth and niche overlap of dominant species of forest community in Xiaowutai Mountain, and fitted the response patterns of dominant species to the environment gradients by generalized additive models. The results showed that a total of 392 species of vascular plants, belonging to 222 genera, 75 families were recorded in 148 quadrats. A total of 36 dominant species were selected from the tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer by importance va-lues. Betula albosinensis, Betula platyphylla, Larix principis-rupprechtii, Pinus tabuliformis at the tree layer, Spiraea pubescens, Abelia biflora, Rosa bella, Corylus mandshurica at the shrub layer, Carex breviculmis, Deyeuxia arundinacea, Sanguisorba officinalis, Carex siderosticta at the herb la-yer had higher niche breadth, and these species had greater competitiveness and stronger environmental adaptability. In the same layer, niche overlap index was high indicating that species had similar habitats, and there was competitive relationship between them. Although Acer momo and Quercus wutaishanica had high niche overlap, their competition was not strong in the condition of rich resources. There was niche overlap between B. platyphylla and a variety of mixed tree species including A. momo, Q. wutaishanica, Sorbus alnifolia, and limited resources leaded to strong competition in these communities. The adaptability of each species to environmental factors was diffe-rent. The response of most dominant species to altitude showed a single peak curve, and they distri-buted within a certain altitude range. The response of some dominant species to altitude was linearly increased or decreased, and concentrated at high altitudes or low altitudes. The response of dominant species to slope position was similar to altitude. The dominant species showed a linear change along the slope, showed significantly positive correlation with soil temperature, and showed the cha-racteristics of shade-requiring or sunny-requiring. The response of B. albosinensis, A. biflora, H. bretschneideri, C. breviculmis, C. dahurica to litter layer thickness and soil thickness showed linearly increased. The response of L. principis-rupprechtii, B. albosinensis, P. fruticosa, D. arundinacea to soil moisture showed linearly increased, while linearly decreased to soil electrical conductivity. Most dominant species to soil pH and environmental disturbance showed a single peak curve, and the others showed linearly decreased.

吉林蛟河针阔混交林树木生长的空间关联格局

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 吉林蛟河针阔混交林树木生长的空间关联格局 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201510272172 作者: 作者单位: 北京林业大学森林资源与生态系统过程北京市重点实验室,吉林省林业科学研究院,吉林省林业科学研究院,北京林业大学森林资源与生态系统过程北京市重点实验室,北京林业大学森林资源与生态系统过程北京市重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目（201204309）；教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目（NCET-12-0781）；国家自然科学基金项目（31200315） Spatial autocorrelation patterns of tree growth in a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jiaohe of Jilin province Author: Affiliation: The Key Laboratory for Forest Resources & Ecosystem Processes of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University,,,The Key Laboratory for Forest Resources DdDd Ecosystem Processes of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以吉林蛟河21.12hm2（660m×320m）针阔混交林样地为对象，利用2009年和2014年森林生长观测数据，研究树木生长的空间自相关格局及其生境影响机制。在样地生境型划分结果的基础上，采用Ripley's L（r）函数分析不同生境型中树木种群空间分布特征；利用标记相关函数分析不同生境型中树木生长特征的空间关联格局。研究结果表明：（1）红松（生境型3：1-5m）、蒙古栎（生境型3：1-3m）、胡桃楸（生境型2：1-2m；生境型3：1-7m）、黄檗（生境型2：1-3m；生境型4：1-5m）、水曲柳（生境型3：1-2m；生境型4：1-2m）、瘤枝卫矛（生境型2：1-15m）在特定生境和空间尺度上呈随机分布，但空间格局仍以聚集性分布为主；其余10个物种则在全部0-30m尺度上呈聚集分布。（2）标记相关函数分析显示春榆、毛榛、色木槭、瘤枝卫矛和千金榆的径向生长至少在一个生境中表现出正相关格局；暴马丁香、胡桃楸、裂叶榆、瘤枝卫矛、水曲柳、紫椴、糠椴、毛榛、色木槭和白牛槭的径向生长至少在一个生境中表现出负相关格局；红松、黄檗、蒙古栎和簇毛槭的径向生长在全部尺度上均未检测到显著的空间关联格局。因此，不同树种径向生长的空间自相关特征不同，树种生长特征的空间关联格局具有明显的生境依赖性。 Abstract:This study aimed to determine the spatial autocorrelation patterns of tree growth and the mechanisms influencing habitat heterogeneity. A dataset of observed forest growth was used, with data between 2009 and 2014 from a 21.12 hm2 stem-mapped mixed forest plot (temperate coniferous and broadleaved forest) in Jiaohe, Jilin Province. Based on habitat type classifications, Ripley's L(r) function was adopted to evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics of tree locations. A mark correlation function (MCF) was used to evaluate the spatial autocorrelation characteristics of tree growth. Our results showed that (1) Pinus koraiensis (habitat type 3: 1-5 m), Quercus mongolica (habitat type 3: 1-3 m), Juglans mandshurica (habitat type 2: 1-2 m; habitat type 3: 1-7 m), Phellodendron amurense (habitat type 2: 1-3 m; habitat type 4: 1-5 m), Fraxinus mandshurica (habitat type 3: 1-2 m; habitat type 4: 1-2 m), and Euonymus verrucosus (habitat type 2: 1-15 m) were randomly distributed at particular scales and for certain habitat types. Nonetheless, they mainly showed clumped distribution patterns. For ten other species, the spatial distribution of tree positions showed an aggregated pattern at a scale of 0-30 m. (2) The mark correlation function analysis indicated that the radial growth of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Corylus mandshurica, Acer mono, E. verrucosus, and Carpinus cordata were positively autocorrelated for at least one of the habitat types. In contrast, the radial growth of Syringa reticulata var. amurensis, J. mandshurica, Ulmus laciniata, E. verrucosus, F. mandshurica, Tilia amurensis, Tilia mandshurica, C. mandshurica, A. mono, and Acer mandshuricum were negatively autocorrelated at least in one of habitat types. Other species did not show any significant autocorrelations at any of the studied scales. Our results indicate that different species had different spatial autocorrelation characteristics of radial growth, as well as significantly different habitat dependencies. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Quantitative classification of natural plant communities in the Saihanba National Nature Reserve, Hebei Province, China.

Quantitative analysis of the relationships between the distribution of natural plant communities and environmental factors was studied using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) methods, in the Saihanba National Nature Reserve in Hebei Province. The results showed that the natural plant communities in the Saihanba Reserve could be classified into eight types, i.e., Sanguisorba officinalis + Carex heterostachya + Trollius chinensis community, S. officinalis + Elymus sibiricus + Geranium platyanthum community, C. lanceolata + Ophiopogon chingii community, Spiraea pubescens - Tripolium vulgare community, Armeniaca sibirica + S. pubescens - T. vulgare + C. lanceolata community, Quercus mongolica + Betula costata - Lespedeza bicolor + S. pubescens - C. lanceolata community, Betula platyphylla + Populus davidiana - Corylus mandshurica + Rosa davurica - Phlomis umbrosa + C. lanceolata + Thalictrum aquilegifolium community and Picea asperata + B. platyphylla - Rosa davurica + Salix taishanensis var. hebeinica - C. lanceolata + Commelina diffusa community. DCCA analysis indicated that slope position and soil nutrients were the main influence factors for the spatial distribution of natural plant communities in the Saihanba National Nature Reserve. Topographic, spatial and soil factors accounted for 34.02% of the variation of species pattern. Of the variation, soil factors accounted for 15.67%, topographic factors 10.05% and spatial factors 6.00%. In the interactions among all factor combinations (2.30%), the interaction between soil and topographic factors was the largest (0.93%), and the interaction among soil, topographic and spatial factors was the least (0.16%). The unexplained portion accounted for 65.98% of spatial distribution, which might be due to anthropogenic disturbance or interspecific competition.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Corylus mandshurica in China Using SSR Markers.

Corylus mandshurica, also known as pilose hazelnut, is an economically and ecologically important species in China. In this study, ten polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were applied to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of 348 C. mandshurica individuals among 12 populations in China. The SSR markers expressed a relatively high level of genetic diversity (Na = 15.3, Ne = 5.6604, I = 1.8853, Ho = 0.6668, and He = 0.7777). According to the coefficient of genetic differentiation (F st = 0.1215), genetic variation within the populations (87.85%) were remarkably higher than among populations (12.15%). The average gene flow (Nm = 1.8080) significantly impacts the genetic structure of C. mandshurica populations. The relatively high gene flow (Nm = 1.8080) among wild C. mandshurica may be caused by wind-pollinated flowers, highly nutritious seeds and self-incompatible mating system. The UPGMA (unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages) dendrogram was divided into two main clusters. Moreover, the results of STRUCTURE analysis suggested that C. mandshurica populations fell into two main clusters. Comparison of the UPGMA dendrogram and the Bayesian STRUCTURE analysis showed general agreement between the population subdivisions and the genetic relationships among populations of C. mandshurica. Group I accessions were located in Northeast China, while Group II accessions were in North China. It is worth noting that a number of genetically similar populations were located in the same geographic region. The results further showed that there was obvious genetic differentiation among populations from Northeast China to North China. Results from the Mantel test showed a weak but still significant positive correlation between Nei’s genetic distance and geographic distance (km) among populations (r = 0.419, P = 0.005), suggesting that genetic differentiation in the 12 C. mandshurica populations might be related to geographic distance. These data provide comprehensive information for the development of conservation strategies of these valuable hazelnut resources.

Seed trait and rodent species determine seed dispersal and predation: evidences from semi-natural enclosures

Abstract: Seed traits affect seed dispersal by animals. However, the combined role of seeds and dispersers in determining seed dispersal is not well explored. We attempted to test how seed traits and predators determine seed dispersal and predation interaction in a rodent-mediated seed dispersal system. Semi-natural enclosure experiments were conducted to investigate seed dispersal and predation of five sympatric tree species with different seed traits, Juglans mandshurica, Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis, Corylus mandshurica and C. heterophylla by three rodent species, Apodemus peninsulae, Tamias sibiricus and Clethrionomys rufocanus showing different body sizes, hoarding behaviors and activity rhythms. Our results demonstrated that seed species with thick coat were removed more slowly than thin-coated seeds in regardless of rodent species, reflecting a consistent negative effect of seed coat on seed dispersal. Seeds with thick coat were less likely to be eaten both in situ and after removal by small rodents. Seeds with high caloric value were more likely to be larder-hoarded, whereas seed traits showed no influence on scatter-hoarding. Rodent species with large body size tended to eat more seeds in situ, while small-sized rodents preferred to eat seeds after removal. Large-sized rodent species scatter-hoarded more seeds, however, small-sized rodents larder-hoarded more seeds. Seeds with thick coat showed high mutualism but low predation with rodents, while rodents with large size showed low mutualism but high predation with seeds. Our results indicate that both seeds and predators play important roles in determining seed dispersal and predation in the seed-rodent dispersal system.