Cortisol Supplementation Research Articles

Evaluation of pituitary-adrenal function after pituitary surgery.

A short overnight metyrapone test and a 30-min ACTH test were performed in ten patients after pituitary surgery. At the initial testing 2 weeks after surgery the 30-min ACTH test was abnormal in two patients while normal increases in s-cortisol were observed in eight patients. These eight patients also had normal responses to ACTH when re-tested after 6-19 months. The short metyrapone test was a much more sensitive indicator of functional disturbances in pituitary/adrenal function. Two weeks after surgery the test was abnormal in seven of the patients. After 6-19 months some normalization of the short metyrapone test had occurred, probably due to disappearance of postoperative oedema and haematoma. However, the test was still abnormal in three patients having normal responses during the 30-min ACTH test. It is suggested that both tests are performed in such patients to specify a high risk group, i.e. both tests abnormal, and a low risk group with a normal 30-min ACTH test but subnormal responses during the short metyrapone test. This would be of help in the decision on cortisol supplementation and offer a high degree of safety for the patients.

Adrenocortical function in children with precocious sexual development during treatment with cyproterone acetate.

Adrenal function was studied in thirty-two children with precocious sexual development who were being treated with cyproterone acetate (CPA) at doses ranging from 68 to 175 mg. m2. day for periods lasting from 2 to 79 months. In eighteen children the adrenocortical function evaluation was made before and during CPA treatment. In these eighteen patients, the mean basal plasma cortisol level during the morning hours was 11.2 +/- 4.6 micrograms/dl (m +/- SD) before treatment and fell significantly to 7.2 +/- 4.1 micrograms/dl (P less than 0.02) during therapy. In fifteen patients tested during insulin hypoglycaemia the cortisol peak fell from 21.6 +/- 5.5 micrograms/dl before treatment to 16.7 +/- 6.8 micrograms/dl (P less than 0.05) during CPA therapy. There was a significant inverse correlation between this peak and the dose of CPA but no correlation was found between the cortisol response and duration of treatment. In eight of twenty patients tested, urinary free cortisol levels were undetectable during treatment. No change in basal plasma ACTH levels were demonstrated using standard radioimmunoassay techniques. In the patient receiving the highest dose of CPA and showing complete suppression of the adrenal axis, prolonged stimulation with ACTH-Depot demonstrated a responsive adrenal gland. Addition of a replacement dose of cortisol to the CPA treatment led to the rapid development of the typical signs of Cushing's syndrome. It was concluded that despite the evidence of adrenal suppression by CPA, cortisol supplementation is not necessary and may not even be contraindicated.