Corrupt Behavior Research Articles

Tolerance to gratification as a proxy for corruption: Comparison between Indonesia and Hong Kong

Corruption is a global problem faced by every country and culture around the world. Since overt corrupt behaviour does not develop in a person overnight, it is therefore important to identify the more proximal and benign forms of corruption. In this research, taking advantage of the cultural and corruption perception index differences between Indonesia and Hong Kong, we conducted a qualitative study on the phenomenon of gratification, the act of giving a public officer monetary or physical rewards for a service they provide, even though the service is within their job description. The research subjects were drawn from Hong Kong and Indonesian college students or fresh graduates. During the interview, we found striking differences between Hong Kong and Indonesian respondents in terms of the experience of being asked for a reward, the perception and urge to give a reward, and the tendency to accept a reward during a public service transaction. Indonesian respondents are generally more exposed, familiar, and permissive to gratification than their Hong Kong counterparts. The reasons for this phenomenon were then investigated and a possible correlation of this permissiveness with the country’s corruption perception index was then discussed. It is suggested that corruption eradication must be accompanied by sociocultural and educational intervention toward naïve subjects, thus preventing them from being permissive to gratification, which can act as the proxy for active corruption in the future.

Everyday Corruption Practices of Young People in Argentina and Russia: the Experience of Comparative Analysis

Introduction. The relevance of the topic is conditioned by the complexity and multidimensionality of the phenomenon of corruption and its negative impact on all aspects of modern society. The literature review shows that corruption has been analyzed from different angles, although no comparisons were found between countries such as Russia and Argentina. The comparison of corrupt behavior in these two societies presents academic interest because they share common features, do not belong to liberal-Western countries, but at the same time differ greatly in such factors as economic and political stability.Methodology and sources. From the theoretical and methodological point of view, the research is based on the scientific works of R. Merton, P. Bourdieu and M. Zaloznaya devoted to the issues of deviant behavior, motivation of action, practical sense and corrupt behavior. This article identifies, analyzes and compares corrupt behaviors in everyday life in Russia and Argentina, based on data provided by Russian and Argentinean young people in virtual interviews conducted in 2020 (N25) and in focus groups (N2) implemented before the pandemic, and media materials. Atlas-ti qualitative data analysis program is used.Results and discussion. In Argentina, corrupt behavior is highlighted to improve material living conditions in the context of constraints and in relation to institutions, Argentines mention more the police. While in Russia it is more related to the purpose of speeding up time, getting better services, graduating or avoiding a change of life project. Regarding institutions, universities and hospitals are mentioned.Conclusion. The study shows that neither in Russia nor in Argentina can the logic of corrupt behavior be reduced to the logic of economic behavior, as there are different motives, such as fear, custom, and assertion of right. The idea that certain situations are solved by money is widespread among young people in both societies.

Content analysis of corrupt behavior in anti corruption Film Festival (ACFFest) Films

Content analysis of corrupt behavior in anti corruption Film Festival (ACFFest) Films

The Moderating Effect of Institutions in Government Expenditures - Economic Development Nexus in ECOWAS Countries

The total effect of growing public spending on economic development is ambiguous, especially with today’s realities of exposure to international trade and domestic factor such as institutions. Hence, the objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that good institutions moderate the effect of large government size on economic development. The study employed secondary data covering the period 1986 to 2018 and Arellano and Bover’s Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) panel estimation technique was used to achieve the study objective. Data on Gross Domestic Product per capita, government size, population growth rate, inflation rate, gross fixed capital formation, human development index (HDI) and financial development were sourced from World Development indicator database while data on institutions was obtained from International County Risk Guide database. The study found that the stated hypothesis is validated i.e good institutions mitigate any negative effect of large government size on economic development for Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The study therefore, concluded that the relationship between government size and economic development depends on quality of institutions in ECOWAS countries. It is recommended that member countries should embrace democratic governance and build democratic institutions in order to promote government stability. More so, there is need to tightening up of existing public sector rules and regulations on corruption and the setting up of anti-corruption institutions to fight corruption and check corrupt behaviour in the ECOWAS countries.

The Image of Public Officials in the Headline "Hedonic Officials: The Seed of Corruption That Butchers the Prosperity of the People" in Online Mass Media

In recent years, online mass media has made a significant contribution to explaining events and how these events are interpreted and understood by the public. One of them is the incident regarding the case of public officials with a lifestyle of hedonism (those familiar with corrupt behavior). The purpose of this study is to examine the image of officials built by the Tirto.id mass media in an editorial on "hedonic officials.” The analysis in this study uses qualitative methods. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. This type of research is content analysis with the data source in the form of news text produced and published by the mass media Tirto.id on March 15, 2023. The discourse is entitled "Hedonic Officials: The Seed of Corruption That Butchers the Prosperity of the People.” Data collection techniques were carried out by reading discourses and noting excerpts of sentences related to research problems. The research procedure was carried out using three stages (methods) suggested by Norman Fairclough: description, interpretation, and explanation. The validity of the data was carried out by testing referential validity and intra-rater reliability (observing and reading data carefully and persistently). The results of the analysis show that the Tirto.id mass media gives a negative image to several public officials, especially the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT). This negative image can be seen from the use of words that have a negative connotation and contain controversy. Public officials are described as figures who have a hedonistic attitude that is often close to corrupt behavior, entities that are rotten, dirty, disgusting, dilapidated, damaging, and/or butcher people's prosperity

Unethical practices and the role of traditional ruler-ship institutions in modern conflict resolution in Tivland, Nigeria

ABSTRACT In the past decade, there has been a surge in deadly internal conflicts in Nigeria. The state’s failure to decisively address violent skirmishes through its modern conflict-resolution mechanisms has resuscitated the debate on the role of traditional rulers in conflict resolution. Although the relevance of traditional institutions in conflict contexts has been well acknowledged in many studies, their complicity in the onset and preponderance of conflict remains understudied. Using a mixed qualitative research design, this paper interrogates the nexus between unethical practices of traditional rulers and conflict in Tivland, north central Nigeria. It hypothesises that in the examined case study, the quest for personal aggrandizement unwittingly heightened corrupt behaviour among traditional rulers, leading to conflict emergence and protraction. To curb the impunity that currently undergirds conflict in Tivland, we recommend that traditional rulers found culpable in conflicts should be dethroned and prosecuted as deterrent to others. Also, traditional leadership selection processes should be merit-based, as opposed to the current practice of offering stools to cronies of state authorities.

Community Education for Combating Corruption in Indonesia: Advocacy Studies and Early Character Development

Corruption is a problem faced by almost all countries. This study aims to further review efforts to eradicate corruption in Indonesia with a character education approach. Character education for the community is a fresh idea for solving corruption problems in Indonesia. This study aims to provide an overview of the prevention or eradication of corruption with other approaches. The approach used is more towards a personal human approach to corrupt behavior. After getting a good understanding of corruption, then a system will be created that will lead every corrupt behavior to self-awareness so that it does not act corruptly. The research data were obtained from literacy collection and then compiled and analyzed in order to obtain an overview and conclusion that corruption cases can be overcome by other methods, namely using the method introduced by Mahatma Gandhi, namely the meaning approach and the human personal approach.

Bureaucratic Reform and Clean Governance: Efforts Towards Social Justice and Sustainable Economic Growth in Indonesia

The implementation of a clean government free from corrupt behavior is a crucial aspect in ensuring sustainable economic growth and development in Indonesia. This article discusses the urgency of bureaucratic reform as a first step in overcoming various obstacles affecting the effectiveness of government. Institutional structuring, management, and human resources, as well as strengthening accountability are the main focuses of reform efforts. In addition, active community participation, firm law enforcement, transparency, and responsiveness to public needs are also important elements in good governance. Through the implementation of these principles, it is hoped that Indonesia can build a government system that is transparent, accountable, and able to provide quality services to all people.

Anti Korupsi Dalam Pendidikan Nasional

Anti-corruption education must be introduced to children from learning about life, meaning that from the start children are introduced to anti-corruption values. Corrupt behavior today is endemic in all levels. Law enforcement agencies that are deemed capable of enforcing the law are no exception to participating in corrupt behavior. Corruption has penetrated almost all sectors of national life. Communities are the victims who suffer the most. In the national education system, it is important as a basis for analyzing the application of educational theory related to educational goals, especially in relation to Pancasila values which teach anti-corruption. By the values of Pancasila, which upholds the values of truth, goodness, beauty, and religion, as well as being constructive and creative in order to be able to be responsible for advancing the Indonesian nation in adapting to the demands of a modern society based on democracy and justice and having an anti-corruption culture in the future in the life of the nation and state.

Formulasi Diskresi Pada Penyelenggaraan Reformasi Birokrasi Di Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi Jawa Tengah

State administration is never separated from policy making. Bureaucratic reforms is carried out to realize good governance, therefore policy is a must because all the implementation of programs and community services should be conducted. One of the policies that is often carried out is discretion, with the aim of filling the regulatory vacuum and not stopping innovating in carrying out policies because of the regulatory vacuum. This study was conducted to analyze the formulation of discretion in the implementation of bureaucratic reform. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach. Results of the study: 1) discretion is carried out by taking into account the objectives, causes and conditions for using discretion; 2) discretion that is contrary to the objectives, procedures and conditions can be canceled; 3) it is necessary to build an accountability system in the implementation of discretion so that it does not lead to corrupt behavior. Conclusion: discretion is an innovation that can be accounted for by the government and society

Феномен коррупции в социальной матрице современного общества

The article deals with the attempt to comprehend the phenomenon of corruption through a set of different scientific approaches and its place in the social system of modern society (social matrix). The research is based on the necessity to understand the nature of this phenomenon, its role in social mechanisms and transformations and, as a result, to determine the direction of counteraction to corruption acts.
 Introduction: The study of corruption as a socio-cultural phenomenon in the matrix of modern society through a set of different approaches (legal, deviantological, economic, psychological, socio-cultural) is predetermined by the problem of understanding the epistemology of the phenomenon under consideration. This directly affects the effectiveness of anticorruption efforts and the qualitative content of the mechanism for counteracting corruption behavior.
 Purpose: analysis of corruption as a social phenomenon from the perspective of various scientific approaches in the conditions of formation and transformation of social relations and institutions and presentation of the author’s understanding of the content and essence of this phenomenon.
 Methodology, methods and techniques. The research was based on the dialectical method in combination with other general scientific methods: logical-epistemological, epistemological, epistemological, rationalistic deduction, analysis, comparison, etc., as well as special methods of scientific cognition - legal, sociological, etc.
 Results: scientific views on the content and essence of corruption as a negative phenomenon and its place in the social matrix of modern society were analysed: the main directions of counteracting corruption through the adoption of appropriate measures by social institutions were proposed.
 Scientific novelty: the scientists’ viewpoints on corruption as a phenomenon and an inevitable component of all social institutions, as well as the author’s substantiated position of defining the essence of corruption as a socio-cultural phenomenon contribute to the fundamental knowledge of the phenomenon under consideration and its role in developing and transforming social relations and other phenomena.
 Practical significance: the results of the research are aimed at supplementing the existing scientific knowledge about corruption, forming a theoretical and applied basis for counteracting this negative social phenomenon in modern society.

MEREDUKSI PERILAKU DAN BUDAYA KORUPTIF: UPAYA PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER ANTI KORUPSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF ETIS TEOLOGI


 The massive corruption that occurs in this nation also extends to the church as a spiritual institution. Corruption is a big problem for society, which causes people to suffer and, of course, disrupts the country's economy. Corruption is also an act of violation of human rights and is now a social pathology that is dangerous for human life. This research aims to provide an understanding of how the role of Christianity can reduce corrupt behaviour by forming an anti-corruption character. Yeng is certainly very useful for Christianity in building a country free from corruption. This paper uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach. The results of this research state that corruption is a crime that must be fought. Corruption contains untruths that are not in line with the teachings of the Bible. Therefore, the church must guide the congregation with an anti-corruption character within a biblical framework.

Anti-Corruption Education as an Effort to Prevent Corruption

Anti-corruption education means providing individuals with understanding, knowledge, and skills to prevent and fight corruption. Anti-corruption education aims to form a transparent mindset and behavior. It involves teaching moral and ethical values and understanding the harmful effects of corruption on society and the country. Anti-corruption education through a learning system approach aims to teach moral values, ethics and awareness of the importance of transparency to prevent and fight corruption. It is forming a young generation who profoundly understands the negative impacts of corruption on society and the nation, preparing them to avoid and fight corrupt behavior in the future. By equipping individuals with anti-corruption education, it is hoped that a culture that is cleaner and free from corrupt behavior will be created, as well as contributing to sustainable and just development. Anti-corruption education can be carried out in various ways, including developing learning curricula in the educational sphere, training, social campaigns, and cultural development. This research aims to conceptualize active teaching values, educational knowledge, and skills as an effort that can help prevent and reduce acts of corruption. Through a targeted educational process, individuals will gain an in-depth understanding of the negative effects of corruption on society and the country. This research suggested that by including anti-corruption education in school curricula, public employee training, and community development programs, it is hoped that the younger generation and society will better understand corruption and be more motivated to reject and report corrupt acts. This approach can create cultural changes that are more with integrity and reduce opportunities for corrupt practices to thrive.

Sosialisasi Pendidikan Anti Korupsi Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Perilaku Korupsi Pada Siswa Kelas 5 Di SDN 8 Teluk Pandan Kabupaten Pesawaran

Corruption can be defined as bad habitual behavior and is a common phenomenon in society. This concern arises because the perpetrators of corruption exist in both government and private organizations and may also involve leaders of organizations who are role models for the younger generation. One of the efforts to reduce the increase in corruption cases is to focus on the legal aspect. However, there have not been many preventive efforts through education that have the potential to eradicate the "culture of corruption". Anti-corruption education is a preventive effort to increase self-awareness and integrity in the face of corrupt practices. The purpose of this study is to determine whether anti-corruption education can develop students' sensitivity and awareness of corruption issues. The research method is to combine collective self-reflective action research with student-centered learning, conducted in small groups, and realized through critical reflective actions of group members as individuals, and measure the learning outcomes. The participants in this study amounted to 25 students in one class. The results obtained show that students are able to identify corrupt practices based on individual and collective experiences. Documented student corruption includes cheating, tardiness and fraud. Participants were also able to identify the impact of corrupt practices on individuals and (groups). Participants realized that corruption can create a "domino effect" of corrupt behavior over time. At the reflection stage, participants revealed the existence of integrity values in the form of honesty, responsibility, consistency of attitudes and behavior, and religious values that are believed to prevent corrupt practices. Activities carried out in the form of socialization as a form of change in the management of student organizations that are clean and anti-corruption.

Ethical behavior of firms and corruption in the public sector – a cluster analysis of worldwide countries

Ethical behavior of firms and corruption in the public sector – a cluster analysis of worldwide countries

Does Financial Development and Corruption reduce the level of Income Inequality? Evidence from Malaysia

Income inequality is an enduring issue and an important one to address, especially in the new era of digital transformation, as it is a crucial element in promoting persistent income inequality. The theory is that while financial development promotes economic growth, the mixed explanations of previous studies show that this does not always help low-income people in emerging economies. Moreover, the effects of globalization may reinforce motives and increase opportunities for international corrupt practices. It is, therefore, crucial to explore how corruption can be motivated by ineffective rules governing cross-border crimes and how technology can open up new avenues for corrupt behavior, for example by making it easier to find victims, accomplices and money. Profound socio-economic changes can also provide incentives and opportunities for corruption. This study examines how corruption and financial development affect the wealth gap in a developing country like Malaysia over the period 1995 to 2021. The empirical results show that financial development has a positive impact on income inequality. Moreover, the result also shows that corruption control is an insignificant determinant of per capita income in Malaysia. Even though the growth of the financial sector has led to a variety of outcomes, it has only helped to reduce income inequality. Income inequality is negatively and significantly affected by the interaction between financial development and anti-corruption. It is therefore important to promote financial development, prevent corruption and increase government transparency as these factors can promote sustainable economic development and resilience.

The Impact of Shareholders, Intellectual Capital, Auditor Reputation, and Liabilities Level on Tax Evasion in Indonesian Manufacturing Companies

This research aims to contribute to solving the problem of tax evasion, by examine the impact of shareholders, intellectual capital, auditor reputation, and level of liabilities on tax evasion. The population is taken from manufacturing companies operating in consumer goods from 2017 to 2021 at IDX (Indonesia). The sample was selected using purposive sampling method. The dependent variable of this research is tax evasion. The independent variables are: type of shareholders, intellectual capital, auditor reputation and level of liabilities. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression, and it is processed using statistical software. The results found that domestic private shareholder, foreign private, the government, and individuals’ share holder have a significant negative impact on the Earnings Tax Ratio (ETR), which is a proxy for tax evasion. This means that all types of shareholders seek to avoid taxes, even in state-owned enterprises. Tax avoidance in Indonesia is difficult to eradicate because it is carried out by various parties, specifically tax officers, tax consultants, and taxpayers. The discussion of this research is limited to various factors that influence tax evasion. Subsequent research can identify how much the state loses due to tax evasion, which is carried out by tax officers, consultants, or by taxpayers. This research found that all types of owners avoid taxes. This can be prevented if the Indonesian government can 1) enforce the law, 2) increase the trust of taxpayers, 3) avoid showing off the luxurious life of tax officials and their families. 4) uphold honesty and avoid corrupt behaviour.

Implementasi Kebijakan Pembangunan Zona Integritas Menuju Wilayah Bebas Korupsi dan Wilayah Birokrasi Bersih Melayani di Pengadilan Negeri Manokwari

Government bureaucracy plays a crucial role in supporting the national administrative system as it is responsible for performing public service functions, empowering communities, and contributing to national development. The bureaucracy in Indonesia currently faces several issues, such as administrative personnel not being entirely clean and accountable, administrative inefficiency, poor quality public services, and quantity falling short of expectations. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze the implementation of the policy on developing integrity zones towards corruption-free areas and clean-serving bureaucracies in the Manokwari District Court. This study utilizes a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques involve data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The theory used in this research is Edward III's policy implementation model, consisting of four variables: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The research findings indicate that the development of integrity zones has been implemented in the Manokwari District Court but has not yet received the predicates of a Clean and Serving Bureaucracy (WBK/WBBM). This is due to several obstacles, such as bureaucratic culture and mindset, insufficient human resources, budget limitations, and facilities. Based on these findings, it is recommended that all employees participate in the implementation of bureaucratic reform towards WBK/WBBM and integrity zones in the Manokwari District Court. This effort should be continually maximized, not only to obtain the WBK/WBBM predicates but also as a means to enhance services to justice seekers and eliminate corrupt behavior.

Pembangunan Zona Integritas Dalam Mewujudukan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik di Polres Cilegon


 The phenomenon of corrupt behavior is already worrying and threatens the sustainability of life, especially the Polri bureaucracy. Efforts to overcome corruption in the bureaucracy as a bureaucratic reform policy through the Integrity Zone (ZI) development program, one of which was carried out by the National Police. The aim of this research is to examine the development of the Integrity Zone which has received the title of WBK (Corruption-Free Area) at the Cilegon Police Headquarters. The method used is a qualitative approach. Data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study found that the total ZI weight score at the Cilegon Polres fulfilled the WBK predicate which reached 93.56 scores. The lowest weighted value of the lever element is the aspect of management and strengthening of supervision. The highest score is in the aspect of strengthening accountability and improving service quality. The ZI innovation carried out at the Cilegon Police in building WBK is by improving public services that are comfortable and easily accessible to the public by providing an Integrated Service Center (Pusyandu), where several types of public services are carried out such as SKCK attendants, crowd permits and STTP, STM and Wasendak. Obstacles in the development of ZI at the Cilegon Polres include the lack of budget availability in encouraging the development of ZI, the lack of understanding of the HR apparatus between units from each section and units within the Cilegon Polres environment. Obstacles to the readiness of the lack of a public service activity publication team, many application systems that become services that cannot be used such as BPKB/police ticket service, intelligence services, and SPKT services.

The interactive wrong of political corruption: A reply to Warren, Santoro and Fabre

In this response essay, Ceva and Ferretti reply to their critics and clarify some key aspects of their book. Specifically, the discussion starts by elaborating on the notion of an ethics of office accountability, explaining that the specification of institutional norms of officeholders behaviour is the result of practices of officeholders' interaction (including democratic practices) and reflection. The second theme is the responsibility for political corruption. The authors emphasise the importance of focussing not only on retrospective responsibility, for the sake of punishing corrupt behaviour, but especially on accountability as a form of self-reflection by the officeholders on the weaknesses of their institutional work together. This exercise is preliminary to their assuming forward-looking responsibilities for anti-corruption. The third and final part discusses political corruption as a specifically interactive wrong. For the authors, the magnitude and moral salience of the wrong of corruption, as well as the different wrongs implicated both from an interactive perspective and in consideration of the harm caused to third parties, must be assessed in light of the context and the moral standing of the public institution in question. In this sense, political corruption is a pro tanto wrong.