Issue Of Corruption Research Articles

Business to government (B2G) corruption and resource misallocation. The case of China at the municipal level

This paper examines Business to Government (B2G) corruption in China. It contributes to existing empirical analyses in several ways. First, it draws on an extensive literature review of the cultural practice of guanxi that often facilitates corruption. Second, it offers new perspectives by focusing on the much-overlooked corruption issue on a local, and municipal level. Furthermore, it is examined how the Chinese cultural practice of guanxi, in which citizens cultivate a relationship with public officials via gift-giving, contributes to this confined municipal corruption. For this reason, the introduction of performance matrices that evaluate public officials according to various indicators and the implementation of safe avenues for complaints are suggested as more immediate solutions to low-level corruption. Therefore, any anti-corruption measures should also target public officials at the local level to ensure that they do not abuse their power.

Medical Corruption: Causes and Measures of Combating

After the Ukrainian crisis, many renewal processes took place in Ukraine. One of the most important reforms was anti-corruption. The issue of medical corruption has gotten worse in the context of the global pandemic caused by Сovid-19. Methodology is a conjunction of approaches, principles, and specific methods, which are used by the scientist. We used exactly those elements of the methodology that allowed us to ensure the consistency and objectivity of the combating corruption in the medical field in Ukraine study. The authors outline and characterize the main causes of medical corruption in Ukraine. Measures to combat medical corruption are proposed as follows: modernization of the model of medical field financing; commissioning of a special procedure for purchasing pharmaceuticals at public expense; overcoming the corruption component in the cooperation of pharmaceutical companies and medical workers; reforming the remuneration system of medical workers; educational activities.

‘Judicialization of corruption’ in Ghana: an analysis of how Ghanaians view the Office of the Special Prosecutor

ABSTRACT Anti-corruption agencies in Ghana have failed over the years to deal with corruption and also take decisive steps in tackling the menace. For this reason inter alia, the New Patriotic Party (NPP) government in 2018 established the Office of the Special Prosecutor as an institutional response to deal assertively with the issue of corruption. This action expanded the scope and discourse on the fight against corruption in Ghana. Following from this, the paper conceptualised the new institutional endeavour to control corruption in Ghana, simply as the ‘judicialization of corruption’. By judicialization of corruption, the paper meant to portray a phenomenon where there is the use of judiciary and judicial processes in fighting corruption. Coming on the back of a political campaign promise, the paper seemly tested Ghanaian voters’ view on this new anti-corruption arrangement by the government and puts forward a broad-spectrum of views by voters regarding the creation of the OSP. The paper used mixed method to triangulate both qualitative and quantitative data. The result showed majority of voters backing government's idea to create the OSP albeit a sizeable number perceiving the OSP as a mere conduit to ‘witch-hunt’ erstwhile government officials.

Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Environmental Social Governance terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Kinerja Keuangan Sebagai Moderasi

The faster information spreads, the more important it is for companies to publish good things and minimize issues that can have a negative impact on company reputation and value. Publication of positive information such as the application of good governance and disclosure of social responsibility among cases and issues of rampant corruption and environmental pollution is very attractive for investors to take into consideration in investing. Therefore, this study aims to examine the influence of Good Corporate Governance and Environmental Social Governance on Corporate Values ​​with Financial Performance as Moderation. This research uses a sample of 16 companies which have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 3 consecutive years, participating in the CGPI assessment program and also the ESG Refinitiv Scores in the 2019 – 2021 period. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling method. This type of research and data used is quantitative with secondary data. The analytical method used is panel regression analysis and moderation regression analysis. This study after being moderated by Financial Performance (ROA) can provide results that significantly strengthen the effect of Good Corporate Governance and Environmental Social Governance on Corporate Values, whereas before being moderated both have no influence on Corporate Values. This study also uses company size as a control variable.

Triumph in Corruption Irradiation Combat for a Dawn of Liberia

The problem of the increase of corruption is alarming in Liberia. Corruption has no small way contributed to increasingly levels of poverty and socio-economic inactivity in the country. This study aims to explore the causes of corruption and its effects on economic development in the country. The research contends that the causes of corruption are multi-dimensional fluctuating from poor leadership ability, lack of ethical standards, weak institutions, greed for wealth and position, greed for power, among others. The study pursues to discuss the efficiency of combating corruption by utilizing the ethical values of the societies such as; integrity, fairness, patriotism, and justice for all. Participants of this study were 250 from local organizations/intellectual forums with massive experience and understanding on the topic who purposely volunteered to get involved in questionnaires data collection, and out of them 15 were selected for interviews. The finding shows an inextricable issue of corruption with all relevant stakeholders playing their roles in order to achieve new Liberia. Stakeholders including government, family, religious bodies, international communities such as; African Union and Ecowas, and banks among others. The study recommend that corruption should be made a high risk and low benefit in order to discourage the act and free the collective resources for national transformation and development.

Conceptual Analysis of Public Policy Failures in Nigeria: Tract to Economic Underdevelopment

The study examined the conceptual issues of public policy failure in Nigeria and how it affects economic development. The main objective of the study is to conceptually analyses public policy failures in Nigeria as a tract to economic underdevelopment. Contents method was used in the analysis. This means that the study uses conceptual analysis and rational analysis in assessing the public policies failures in Nigeria. The study was based on the thesis of elite theory. The study reveals that public policies are not effective in Nigeria. The paper also reveals the consequences of public policies failure in Nigeria. The study analyzed the concept of public policy and economic underdevelopment. The study concludes that constant changes of government in Nigeria, high level of corruption among government officials of these public policies agencies among others affected the smooth operations of public policies in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that there should be continuity in public policy implementation even where there is change in government as government is a continuum; and parochial and primordial interests should be avoided during policy formulation and implementation in the country. There should be capital punishment in the country constitution to address the issues of corruption in Nigeria.

Filipinos’ Preferred Views of Presidential Candidates in the 2022 Election

The right to vote and to stand for the welfare of one’s country, especially in selecting the next leaders is at the core of every democratic government. In the Philippines, a national and local election was held in 2022. A few months before the May 2022 election, this study was conducted to determine the preferred stands of the voters’ presidential candidates in terms of issues in politics, economics, social, environmental, education and health. A total of 1,065 Filipino registered voters all over the country participated in an online survey that was conducted from January 1 to April 30, 2022. The results of the study revealed that the respondents preferred a president and vice president who will push for the automatic removal from office of any appointed official with involvement in corruption issues; while they oppose for a leader who proposed to go on war with China for territorial disputes. They preferred a leader who will continue the 4Ps as social program; while they least preferred a president who will agree in the legalization of abortion in the Philippines. As economic priority programs, they preferred a leader who will improve the condition of the agricultural sectors. As environmental priority program, they prefer a president who will push for: exploration of renewable energy sources; policies on climate change; decongestion of Manila; and mandate the restrictions of mining industries re: land owned by the IPs. In terms of educational programs, leaders must prioritize support for Filipino inventors and scientists; as well improve teachers’ qualifications; uplift the quality of textbooks; amend the K to 12 Law; and re-impose the mandatory ROTC for Senior High School and College students. In general, the respondents voted for Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., and Sara Duterte-Carpio as president and vice president respectively, which accord to the result of the actual election in May 2022.

Monetization of politics and public procurement in Ghana

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the prevalence of corruption in Ghana to understand how and why it has turned public procurement into a mere money-making scheme instead of a means to provide needed public goods and services.Design/methodology/approachThe study focuses on Ghana as a case study and mobilizes the monetization of politics lenses. Data are collected via interviews with key officials across the procurement sector (including the government, donors and civil society), documents, documentaries and news articles.FindingsThe findings suggest that the increasing costs of elections and political financing coupled with the costs of vote-buying, which has become informally institutionalized, intensify corruption practices and, consequently, turns public procurement into a mere source of cash for political ends. Political appointments and legalized loopholes facilitate this by helping to nullify the safeguard accounting and other control institutions are designed to provide. Likewise, enduring poverty and rising inequality “force” citizens into a vote-buying culture which distorts democratic premises that may drive out unscrupulous politicians; thus, perpetuating capture schemes. Civil society's efforts to remedy these have had little success, and corruption and inequality remain rife.Practical implicationsThe main practical implication of the study lies in the need for a gradual demonetization of elections, and the consideration of the fundamental function of public procurement as a policy instrument embedded in economic, social, cultural and environmental plans. Additionally, given the connectedness of the various corruption issues raised, a comprehensive system-based approach in dealing with them would be more effective than a piecemeal approach targeting each issue/problem in isolation.Originality/valueWhile extant literature has examined the issue of endemic corruption in developing countries using state capture, few have attempted to explain why it remains enduring, particularly in public procurement. This study, therefore, contributes to the literature on corruption and state capture theoretically and empirically by drawing on monetization of politics from political science to explain why corruption and state capture endure in certain contexts (with Ghana as an illustrative example) which reduce public procurement to a cash-milking scheme.

Corruption suppression and domestic investment of emerging economies: BRICS and CIVETS groups – panel ARDL approach

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effects of corruption control on domestic investment in the BRICS and CIVETS of emerging economies. This paper’s primary goal is to investigate how corruption has impacted domestic private investment in BRICS and CIVETS, empirically evaluate that impact and offer appropriate policy recommendations.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses secondary panel data from the World Bank spanning the period 2000–2020. The data covered the BRICS and CIVETS countries between 2000 and 2020. This study used gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth, broad money as a percentage of GDP, real interest rate and corruption index as independent variables and domestic investment as a percentage of GDP as a dependent variable.FindingsThe significant results are presented using the panel, autoregressive distributed lag pooled mean group estimator. Growth in the per-capita GDP, money supply and the suppression of corruption all have long-term, positive and significant benefits on domestic investment. Comparatively, the real interest rate has a significant negative influence on investment, indicating that it may be necessary and beneficial to adopt anti-corruption measures to promote domestic investment. However, the country-specific analysis reveals that the long-term effects of corruption on investment tend to vary across countries, indicating that each country needs to research the issue of corruption independently. Finally, ensuring optimal levels of money supply and interest rates leaded by further control of corruption is necessary for strengthening the investment environment.Originality/valueThis study suggests several practical implications. For example, legislators and policymakers should pay more attention to anti-corruption policies. Central banks should put more effort into controlling the interest rate.

ARBITRATION AND CORRUPTION: A TOOLKIT FOR ARBITRATORS

In international commercial or investment arbitration proceedings, the appointed arbitral tribunal may suspect or one of the parties may allege that corruption, especially in the form of foreign public bribery, has influenced the underlying dispute between the parties. Over the past 25 years, the international and domestic legal frameworks to combat economic crime, including foreign public bribery, have become much stronger. Arbitrators therefore cannot ignore suspicions or allegations of corruption but, at the same time, they have limited means to address such suspicions or allegations, and they have to handle conflicting priorities. In short, they are in a dilemma. After introducing the wider context of international commercial and investment arbitration, this article outlines the arbitrators’ dilemma in more detail and presents a current effort to draft a so-called toolkit for arbitrators. The toolkit aims to help arbitrators address corruption issues in a comprehensive manner and to find solutions in accordance with the applicable laws.

Corruption disclosure practices of Islamic and conventional financial firms in Bangladesh: the moderating role of Big4

PurposeCorporate corruption reporting (CCR) is an emerging issue of the corporation for measuring transparency, integrity and accountability to the stakeholders and society. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of CCR and financial management responsibility regarding the issue of corruption control.Design/methodology/approachTo explore the influences of corruption disclosure, this study considers the keywords-based content analysis of the listed financial firms of the Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh for 2012–2016. The research considers stakeholders and theoretical legitimacy lens for discussing corporate corruption disclosure. This study identified 143 self-driven keywords by classifying, analyzing and selecting the appropriate large set of keywords from the prior literature. This study examines 247 firm-year observations of all financial firms in Bangladesh using secondary data sources.FindingsThe results of the hierarchical regression analysis report that financial firms following Sharia principles have a negative and significant association with CCR, while Big4 has a positive and significant influence. Moreover, the interaction effect of Big4 on the relationship between Sharia principles and CCR is negative and insignificant. The findings reported that Islamic financial firms disclose less corruption information than conventional financial firms in Bangladesh.Practical implicationsThis study findings are expected to significantly impact corporate management and policymakers of developing and highly corrupted economies to enhance corporate accountability, transparency and reputation. The regulatory body can consider the findings to promulgate anti-corruption reporting rules and regulations.Originality/valueThe authors believe the theoretical lens used to support the method and findings of this paper are unique and novel.

Anti-Corruption Behaviors of Higher Education Students

Corruption is the main problem for the public and private sectors. The purposes of this research are to find out the level of anti-corruption behavior among higher education students and the factors that influence their anti-corruption behavior. This study employed a quantitative method by questionnaires given to 432 students at Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Thailand. The findings revealed that overall anti-corruption behavior was at a high level. It showed that students wanted the government to concentrate on the pressing issue of corruption, which needed to be resolved right away. While joining or becoming a people coalition against corruption, for example, attending rallies, calling, or protesting was considered at a low level. The results showed that the four factors; quality of democracy, lawfulness, social influence, and technology were positively correlated with anti-corruption behaviors. However, it found that only social influence, technology, and the quality of democracy can predict students’ anti-corruption behaviors. The research has a lot of interesting implications for academics, practitioners, and policymakers to improve the measure of corruption.

Scale E-portfolio for Higher Education

Corruption is the main problem for the public and private sectors. The purposes of this research are to find out the level of anti-corruption behavior among higher education students and the factors that influence their anti-corruption behavior. This study employed a quantitative method by questionnaires given to 432 students at Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Thailand. The findings revealed that overall anti-corruption behavior was at a high level. It showed that students wanted the government to concentrate on the pressing issue of corruption, which needed to be resolved right away. While joining or becoming a people coalition against corruption, for example, attending rallies, calling, or protesting was considered at a low level. The results showed that the four factors; quality of democracy, lawfulness, social influence, and technology were positively correlated with anti-corruption behaviors. However, it found that only social influence, technology, and the quality of democracy can predict students’ anti-corruption behaviors. The research has a lot of interesting implications for academics, practitioners, and policymakers to improve the measure of corruption.

Why Do People Trust the Police? A Case Study of Thailand

Trust in the police is considered vitally important in ensuring that citizens obey the law and cooperate with police officers. However, in recent times, the Royal Thai Police has been facing difficulties with the image of the organization, including lack of public trust resulting from the actions of some police officers. Therefore, this study investigated the level of trust in the police, as well as the factors that cause the public to trust the police. The samples used in this study were 971 residents in eastern Thailand. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data that were subjected to ordinary multiple regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The findings showed police effectiveness and fairness had a positive relationship with trust in the police. Age, corruption, and fear of crime had negative relationships with trust in the police. However, victimization had no association with trust in the police. Hence, the Royal Thai Police should place great importance on increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of police officers and treating people equally and fairly. In addition, corruption issues and the solving of crimes should be addressed to provide people with peace of mind and greater trust in the police.

A Holistic Review of Home-Grown School Feeding Programme for Primary School Pupils’ in Africa

School feeding programme is an important aspect of child’s cognitive development. Home-grown school feeding is an intervention programme designed for school aged children in order to eradicate hunger, increase enrolment, improve pupils’ nutritional value and pupils’ cognitive development whereas these objectives have not be achieved. Therefore, aim of the study is to holistically review the challenges faced in the implementation of home-grown school feeding programme among primary school pupils in Africa (Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and Mali) and ways of solving these challenges. The paper also reviewed the concept of home-grown school feeding and its challenges. A qualitative research design of systematic search strategy type was used to gathered information in different databases and journals. In the course of the study, the researchers discovered that the programme is faced with the issues of corruption due non- remittance of regular fund to the school vendors and underfunding of the programmes. Other penitent issues include: low and inadequate storage facilities, political interferences, inadequate nutritional meals and low level of implementation. The researchers recommended that caterers should be trained by dieticians on the type of food to prepare for pupils’ and also government should set up a monitoring team to supervise the home-grown school feeding programme for proper implementation in Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Mali and other Sub-Sahara Africa Countries.

In the midst of so much injustice, can there be a seat for energy justice at the Nigerian table?

Abstract The end of the 20th century and the start of the 21st century recorded an increase in demands for accountability and justice on a plethora of levels. Social justice was a broad theme which was followed by environmental justice and climate justice. Energy justice is a relatively new phenomenon that advocates for the equitable sharing of both the benefits and burdens of energy sources and services. Nigeria, the largest producer of oil and gas on the African continent, has for decades been beset by issues of corruption, mismanagement of resources and wealth, a lack of accountability and a lopsided discriminatory distribution of the benefits, proceeds and profits from the Nigerian oil industry. The people of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which is the area responsible for Nigeria’s oil, feel impoverished by the exploitation of their land and left out of the profits, end products and projects which result from resources on their land. The regulation of the Nigerian energy industry is one facet of the industry that has come against heavy complaints and criticisms. The management of the country’s natural resources and the sources, generation, provision and distribution of energy (both domestic and industrial) within its geographical territory is an area that requires substantial work and overhaul. This work examines the tenets of energy justice and recommends the adoption of the restorative justice tenet as a path to improving the Nigerian energy system and correspondingly improving the environment and the lives and human rights of the people who live in the Niger Delta region.

ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ КОРРУПЦИИ И КРУГОВОЙ ЗАДОЛЖЕННОСТИ НА ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЙ КРИЗИС В ПАКИСТАНЕ

The main purpose of this study was to explore the impact of corruption and circular debt on energy crises in the case of Pakistan. For this purpose, the study used annual time series data and employed an ARDL F-bounds test approach to achieve the determined objectives. The findings of the ARDL model reported that corruption, circular debt, and population have a positive impact, while industrial GDP and distribution and transmission contribute negatively to short- and long-term energy crises. Consequently, this study helps policy makers to focus on the issue of corruption and circular debt in the energy sector of Pakistan.

FOREIGN AID AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

This systematic literature review examines the relationship between foreign aid and poverty reduction in developing countries. The review identified and analyzed 50 relevant studies that were published between 2010 and 2021. The studies were selected based on specific inclusion criteria, including a focus on foreign aid and poverty reduction in developing countries. The results of the review indicate that foreign aid can play a positive role in poverty reduction when it is effectively targeted and implemented in conjunction with good governance. The studies suggest that aid can be used to finance critical social development programs such as healthcare, education, and poverty reduction initiatives. The review also highlights several challenges associated with foreign aid, including the potential for aid dependency, the risk of creating distortions and undermining local institutions, and the issue of corruption in countries with weak governance. Overall, the literature suggests that foreign aid can play a critical role in promoting poverty reduction in developing countries, but that its effectiveness depends on a range of contextual factors. The review provides insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to use foreign aid to promote poverty reduction in developing countries.

CORRUPTION ISSUES IN EDUCATION

CORRUPTION ISSUES IN EDUCATION

Аналіз особливостей діяльності регулюючих органів ринку продажу легкових автомобілів в Україні та світі

The article analyzes the regulatory bodies of the market for sales of passenger cars in Ukraine and some countries of the world. The role and functions of the authorities regulating the market for sales of passenger cars in different countries are examined. The article contains a list of bodies of the State regulation of the the market for sales of passenger cars in Ukraine and some other countries, such as Germany, France, Slovakia, Poland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Austria, Spain, Estonia, China, Japan, India, the USA, Canada, and others. This article examines examples of countries where regulatory bodies play an important role in ensuring road safety and consumer protection, as well as countries where such authorities play a less significant role. The main tasks of the regulatory authorities of Ukraine and some other countries responsible for ensuring free and competitive trade in cars are determined. The importance of regulatory authorities in ensuring the safety and quality of cars, as well as consumer protection, is outlined. It is determined that the main reasons for the State intervention in the market for sales of passenger cars are price regulation, quality control, support for domestic producers, reduction of environmental impact, and consumer protection. The problems and shortcomings of the activities of regulatory bodies are highlighted and recommendations for improving their work are provided. Problems in regulating the market for sales of passenger cars in Ukraine are presented. In particular, this concerns insufficient effectiveness of control, corruption issues, insufficient qualifications of employees, etc. An idea of how different countries regulate the market for sales of passenger cars is provided, which helps to understand what measures can be useful for improving the regulation of this market in Ukraine.