Influence Of Corruption Research Articles

The Government's Strategy and Efforts to Eradicate Corruption in Indonesia

This study identifies corrupt behavior based on the terminology, the Government's efforts to eradicate corruption in Indonesia. However, the most important thing to reduce the level of corruption in Indonesia is the prevention of corruption. This can be done, among others, through concepts, programs to legislative products. The National Integrity System for preventing corruption in Indonesia can run optimally. Factors that cause the High Abuse of Corruption in Indonesia. Internal factors. The causes of corruption in internal factors are: Greed or greedy nature possessed by humans. Humans are not easily satisfied with what they have today. External factors include: Politics where political factors influence the occurrence of corruption because basically politics itself is related to power. The results show that corruption is an act to enrich themselves, their families, groups, and corporations by violating the rules, violating norms. The cause of corruption is individual motivation and a bad government organizational system, and the influence of corruption will increase if it is supported by an environment where bad individuals and systems exist. Based on the above, the strategy that can be taken by the Government of Indonesia is to immediately carry out a Memorandum of Understanding with law enforcement agencies; all financial transactions in government using electronic or online transactions; the government establishes a task force for eradicating extortion in the government; enforce financial reporting on officials in the scope of government; open access to public monitoring through electronic databases; and integrity pact-based performance measurement.

Cross-Country Analysis of the Impact of Corruption and Other Factors on Youth Presence in Parliament

The purpose of research is to study the influence of corruption and other factors on the presence of young people in formal politics. The motivation for the study of this issue was the decrease in the representation of youth in the traditional district and republican parliaments due to the existence of different determinants. Such a decrease, as a rule, affects the socio-economic indicators of most countries, since it is the youth who are the socially active, able-bodied segment of the population, whose support young people must find from the youth parliament representing their interests and needs. Corruption is considered to be the main reason for this decline. To prevent this, asian states such as Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand and South Korea introduced institutional measures in the form of establishing an anti-corruption agency or other developed and developing countries carried out legislative anti-corruption reforms, which, on the contrary, led to counter productiveness due to excessive regulation. Thus, we will check whether the factor of corruption is indeed a significant variable influencing the presence of young people in parliament or whether the existence of other factors is more important. To test the main hypothesis, namely the negative relationship between the factor of corruption and the share of youth in parliament, we have analysed data from 90 countries based on the regression analysis method. The results showed that corruption is not a statistically significant variable, i.e., it does not have a significant impact on the political presence of young people in politics. The education factor showed a statistically significant result, which is logical since politically educated young people are most often active in politics, as a rule they become potential candidates for deputies either through youth wings or through non-state youth associations. Therefore, it seems important in public policy to increase political competitiveness to develop the potential of education.

The cost of debt and political institutions: the influence of corruption

PurposeThis cross-border study’s main purpose is to examine whether there is a significant association between political institutions and the cost of debt. In addition, it also investigates whether this association is moderated by the country’s corruption levels.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a unique cross-border data set comprising 45,848 firms from 117 countries from 2002 to 2017 to investigate these research questions. Further, the authors use the two-stage least squares method to mitigate issues of endogeneity.FindingsThis study finds that political institutions are significantly associated with cost of debt. Specifically, the cost of debt is lower in countries with stronger democratic institutions, smaller government bureaucracies and higher adherence to the rule of law. Further, this association is strengthened by low corruption levels.Originality/valueThis study provides new insights into the relationship between political institutions and the cost of debt. Overall, the results reveal that democratic institutions, government bureaucracy and the rule of law are significantly associated with cost of debt. This association is stronger in countries with low levels of corruption and consistent with Transparency’s International notion that accountability and transparency by government political institutions promote sustainable economic growth.

Low-rank 2D local discriminant graph embedding for robust image feature extraction

As a popular feature extraction algorithm, the 2D local preserving projections (2DLPP) algorithm has been successfully applied in many fields. Using 2D image representation, the 2DLPP algorithm preserves the manifold attributes and retains the local information of high-dimensional space data. However, the 2DLPP algorithm may encounter some problems in real-world applications, such as a lack of discriminatory ability, singularity problems, and sensitivity to occlusion and noise in data. Therefore, this paper introduces low-rank into the 2DLPP algorithm and proposes a new feature extraction algorithm, which is the low-rank two-dimensional local discriminant graph embedding (LR-2DLDGE), to solve these problems. To improve the LR-2DLDGE algorithm robustness, we fuse the discriminant information in graph embedding and the low-rank properties of the data. The algorithm has three advantages: First, the algorithm uses a graph embedding (GE) framework to maintain the local neighbourhood discrimination information between data. Second, the LR-2DLDGE algorithm ensures that the data points are as independent as possible from different classes in the feature space. Finally, the algorithm uses the L1-norm as a constraint and reduces the influence of noise and corruption through low-rank learning. The theoretical computational complexity and convergence of the algorithm are explicated and proved. Extensive experimental results on three occluded and noisy image datasets confirm the effectively and robustness of LR-2DLDGE, respectively.

Why efforts to fight corruption can undermine the social contract: Lessons from a survey experiment in Nigeria

AbstractAnticorruption awareness raising efforts are designed to encourage citizens to resist and report corruption but have been found to either not work or have unwanted effects—including increasing bribe payment. This article represents the first test of whether these efforts also undermine critical aspects of a society's social contract, namely, willingness to pay tax. Using a household level survey experiment in Lagos, Nigeria, we assess whether exposure to five messages about (anti)corruption influence citizens' belief that they have a duty to pay taxes, or “tax morale”. Though they were different in tone and content, four of the five messages undermined tax morale. We argue that this is likely because anti‐corruption messages raise awareness of corruption risks, and hence concerns that taxes will be wasted. In turn, this highlights a new potential unintended and unwanted consequence of policy interventions that focus on raising awareness of government failings.

The influence of subnational corruption on the conversion of foreign proprietorship: Stumbling block or lubricant? Evidence from Sino-foreign joint ventures

The influence of subnational corruption on the conversion of foreign proprietorship: Stumbling block or lubricant? Evidence from Sino-foreign joint ventures

Ethics Management in Swedish Political Parties

Political parties are indispensable actors in representative democracy. However, trust in parties has declined in many democracies. Ethics management is a potential mechanism for parties to keep or strengthen public trust. Previous research about how parties have developed internal ethics mechanisms to promote organisational integrity is scant. This article explores how Swedish parliamentary parties use ethical strategies to uphold standards of conduct for their members. Sweden is a high trust society, but its citizens perceive risks of corrupt influence as relevant. Amongst representative institutions, parties score the lowest levels of trust. Therefore, Swedish parties are interesting to study in order to understand how they uphold integrity standards and assure voters that they are ethical organisations. We show that parties increasingly use formal ethics guidelines to set integrity standards within their organisations and integrity pledges for candidates. Parties also use relatively well-developed monitoring instruments but reactively rather than proactively. Tools to enforce integrity are few and often concentrated on formal expulsion procedures, which are rarely used. Swedish parties have during the last 15 years incrementally developed their ethics management processes. It remains to be seen to what extent these changes will transcend formal rules and strengthen integrity in the long run.

Does corruption undermine tourism development in Africa?

ABSTRACT While the determinants of tourism demand have been extensively investigated, the impact of corruption on tourism development is less documented. To fill the gap in the literature, this study uses various indicators of tourism development and corruption measurement to examine the influence of corruption on tourism development in 30 African countries over the period 1996–2020. The empirical evidence is based on the fixed effect and panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) estimation techniques. The results unveil that the impact of corruption on tourism development is negative and statistically significant, both for domestic and international tourists. It indicates as corruption worsens, tourism-related investments and tourism destinations are negatively affected. These results support the sand-in-the-wheel hypothesis. Additionally, macroeconomic indicators like GDP growth, foreign direct investment and infrastructural development are found to be ideal for promoting the tourism sector. However, the magnitude of the impact of the variables varies across various specifications, particularly for the sub-Saharan sample group. Based on the results, policy implications are suggested from the study. The results recommended that institutional reforms and promotion of good governances are critical in order to maximize the benefits of tourism sector.

I Do Solemnly Swear: Institutional Enforcement of the Oath of Office to Fight Public Corruption

Public officials are oath takers and expected to uphold the law, but criminal convictions provide evidence that corruption exists. When public officials violate their oath, these violations evade ethical norms of behavior important to protecting the integrity inherent in the public office. This article synthesizes the literature on public corruption and related fields and presents a conceptual model to help us understand public leader violations of the oath and factors that enable corrupt behavior more broadly. Through an exploratory analysis of news articles and local government websites of examples of federal corruption convictions from the top ten most corrupt juridictions in the United States, this preliminary model finds six factors influence corruption within a jurisdiction at two collective levels: (1) organizational, and (2) institutional. A case study of an independent nonprofit’s experience in anti-corruption further informs a claim that corrupt leaders (i.e., oath-takers) often involve and exert corrupt influence on subordinates. Findings on convicted corruptions expands the conceptual model to inform on institutional factors that may mitigate corruption. Failure to act on corruption creates a distributional consequence for society. Public corruption minimizes equal access to public goods and services, diverts public finances for personal gain, and undermines public confidence.

Pengaruh Korupsi Pajak Dan Keadilan Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Di KP2KP Pariaman

This research aims to determine the influence of tax corruption and tax justice on taxpayer compliance at the Pariaman Tax Counseling and Consultation Services Office (KP2KP). This type of research is quantitative research. The sample in this research consisted of 100 taxpayers. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire, while the data analysis method uses validity and reliability tests, descriptive statistics, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression analysis, and statistical tests. The results of the research show that the tax corruption variable has a significant effect on taxpayer compliance. The tax justice variable has a significant effect on taxpayer compliance. The tax corruption and tax justice variables simultaneously have a significant effect on the dependent variable of taxpayer compliance.

"¿Qué hacemos con estos manes?" Discurso de jóvenes en Medellín sobre corrupción y democracia

The disaffection, the impotence and the mistrust of the youth in Colombian institutions and democracy in Medellin are interrelated with the comprehension, experience and observation of corruption. These relationships have a symbolic content that refers to the legitimacy of the very institutions that are observed. Additionally, the impotence not only has to do with the observation of the ever growing influence of corruption within the justice system, control institutions, but also the prevalence of violence as a resource and homicide as a direct consequence of speaking up and reporting corruption. Even though a sort of pragmatic pessimism is present from as early as fifteen years old many proposals are made and alternatives are built, primarily utilizing concepts such as democracy of proximity and creativity from the everyday environment.

The Asymmetric Relationship between Corruption, Political Stability and Economic Growth: New Evidence from BRICS Countries

There are studies available that study the influence of corruption on economic growth, but no existing literature studies the asymmetric relationship in context to BRICS countries. In this study, we try to fill the gap in the literature by studying the symmetric and asymmetric association between corruption, political stability and economic growth in BRICS economies where gross fixed capital formation and final consumption expenditure are considered additional variables. Further, we employ panel non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model from 1996–2018. In the long run, the non-linear estimation results confirm an asymmetric relationship while all variables show the asymmetric relationship in the short run. Additionally, the study has employed Dumitrescu– Hurlin (2012) test to find the direction of causality among the variables. The test confirms the causality in particular variables taking economic growth as dependent variable and the decomposed explanatory variables. The article’s findings provide new insight into the relationship between corruption, political stability and economic growth. JEL Codes: D73, F35

Missing and Corrupted Data Recovery in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Weighted Robust Principal Component Analysis.

Although wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely used, the existence of data loss and corruption caused by poor network conditions, sensor bandwidth, and node failure during transmission greatly affects the credibility of monitoring data. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a weighted robust principal component analysis method to recover the corrupted and missing data in WSNs. By decomposing the original data into a low-rank normal data matrix and a sparse abnormal matrix, the proposed method can identify the abnormal data and avoid the influence of corruption on the reconstruction of normal data. In addition, the low-rankness is constrained by weighted nuclear norm minimization instead of the nuclear norm minimization to preserve the major data components and ensure credible reconstruction data. An alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm is further developed to solve the resultant optimization problem. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms many state-of-the-art methods in terms of recovery accuracy in real WSNs.

Corruption: Is it a bane to renewable energy consumption in Africa?

Increasingly, a significant part of the literature on corruption establishes a negative relationship between corruption and economic variables. However, empirical research showing the influence of corruption on renewable energy consumption is useful because of the global interest in achieving a low-carbon and clean environment. In this light, we model a relationship between corruption and renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) in Africa. Using a panel dataset for 32 African countries covering the period 1996–2019, we first show that perception about corruption is relatively high in Africa. In line with corruption theory, both Generalized Method of Moments and Instrumental Variable estimation techniques are used to establish that corruption is inimical to the share of renewable energy consumption in total final energy consumption in Africa. To investigate the robustness of the results, we disaggregate the sample into high and low environmental performance countries as well as upper and lower-middle-income countries and still find consistent results. Our results call for strategic policies and institutional structures that seek to prevent corruption from further permeating the continent's administrative structures.

Corruption in the allocation of resources in a static model of a combination of general and private interests

The article is devoted to the study of corruption in the previously studied static model of the combination of common and private interests (SOCHI model) of several agents, namely, corruption in the allocation of resources. The upper level – the principal – allocates resources to the elements of the lower level - agents - so that the latter distribute them between their general and their private interests. The middle level - the supervisor representing the interests of the top level - underestimates the amount of resources allocated to the agent, which he can increase by a certain amount, but no more than to the level initially set by the principal. A three-level hierarchical tree system is formed. This article examines a three-level hierarchical system in which the supervisor uses an economic corruption mechanism in the allocation of resources. Two approaches are used in the study of this mechanism: descriptive and optimization. The descriptive approach assumes that the functions of bribery in question are known. The optimization approach involves the use of Hermeyer's theorem. The influence of corruption in the allocation of resources on system consistency in the SOCHI model is investigated: it is proved that corruption in the allocation of resources can only reduce consistency in the SOCHI model. It is proved that economic corruption is always beneficial for agents, but it turns out to be manipulative for a supervisor. The only way to fight corruption in the allocation of resources has been found.

Ghosts in Nelly Rosario’s Song of the Water Saints and Angie Cruz’s Soledad

Recent texts in Latinx literature have ghosts that demonstrate new knowledge about history, culture, and subjectivity. In Song of the Water Saints and Soledad, the first novels of authors Nelly Rosario and Angie Cruz, respectively, the figure of the ghost is a trope that imaginatively reconnects communities of women that are fractured by the corruptive influence of the United States and other Western nations in the Latin Caribbean. The ghost of Graciela in Song of the Water Saints and the “living ghost” of Olivia in Soledad allow readers to see how matrilineal bonds in families can be restored. These ties are cut by the prolonged and detrimental exploitation of the Dominican Republic by the United States and more generally the West. With a focus on women, the use of ghosts in these novels attends to the material, historical, and cultural practices between people and the geographies they inhabit.

Queensland Exceptionalism and the Construction of “Southern Folk Devils” in Twentieth Century Public Rhetoric

The history of Queensland has been characterised by intermittent waves of moral panic wherein targeted subpopulations have been singled‐out as scapegoats for the “social problems” facing the state. These panics have been informed by a collective sense of Queensland exceptionalism that gives rise to the construction of folk devils in times of socio‐cultural crisis. Groups selected for scapegoating in Queensland have been, historically, constructed as a product of immoral values spreading from southern states like New South Wales and Victoria, and driven by that spirit of state‐based exceptionalism. Drawing on historical sources, it is argued to characterise these issues as the result of the corruptive influence of more cosmopolitan southern states, is not accurate. Instead, anti‐southern rhetoric was used as a way to abdicate responsibility for domestic problems. The findings dispute the parochial notion of Queensland exceptionalism, providing much‐needed historical context to the study of public discourse in Australia.

Corruption culture and corporate social responsibility: evidence from China

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the impact of corruption culture on corporate social responsibility (CSR) of listed firms in China. Based on the theory of resource constraints, we find that firms located in regions with high levels of corruption culture have lower CSR, and this association still exists after using alternative measures of corruption culture and addressing potential endogeneity. Besides, we complement the literature by showing that the decrease in CSR is greater for firms with stronger political connections. Finally, we document that this negative relationship is mediated by the increase in rent-seeking and self-consumption. This study has important implications for countries that suffer from corruption and firms that intend to get rid of the influence of corruption.

Seeds of Corruption? The Contingent Role of Ties to Politicians and Foreign Subsidiary Relations with Government‐Sponsored Financial Institutions

AbstractIn drawing from transaction cost economics and social network theories, this study examines the influence of corruption as a determinant of foreign subsidiary formal contracting practices with government‐sponsored financial institutions. We hypothesize that lower corruption distance (between parent home and host countries) and higher perceived corruption (in host country) are positively related, and mutually reinforcing, when considering a foreign subsidiary's propensity to formally contract with government‐sponsored financial institutions. We also suggest that these relationships strengthen with the intensification of political ties to government officials who can offer preferential political services via contractual agreements, changing the nature of market transactions in favour of a foreign subsidiary. We found support for our hypotheses using data from a sample of over 350 subsidiaries located in the Philippines and Thailand.

Economic corruption in a static model of a combination of general and private interests

The article is devoted to the study of corruption in the previously studied static model of the combination of general and private interests (SOCHI model) of several agents. In this article, special attention is paid to the study of economic corruption. To do this, an intermediate level is introduced into the previously considered two-level system between the Principal and the Agents - a supervisor who represents the interests of the Principal, but in exchange for a bribe can improve the position of the agent at the expense of the Principal. The latter sets for each agent, himself and the supervisor a share of participation in the total income. The supervisor can increase the agent's share in exchange for a bribe, reducing the Principal's share. This article examines a three-level hierarchical system in which the supervisor uses an economic corruption mechanism, in the study of which two approaches are used: descriptive and optimization. The descriptive approach assumes that the functions of bribery in question are known. The optimization approach involves the use of Hermeyer's theorem. The influence of economic corruption on systemic consistency in the SOCHI model is investigated: it is proved that economic corruption can theoretically increase consistency. But this requires the fulfillment of many conditions, the joint fulfillment of which is unlikely. It is proved that economic corruption is always beneficial for agents, and also for the supervisor. The only way to combat this kind of corruption has been found.