Corrupt Law Enforcement Research Articles

Assessment of Forestry Laws Compliance among Farmers in Rural Forest Communities of Plateau State, Nigeria

The study assessed compliance with forestry laws among rural farmers in rural forest communities of Plateau State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of this study were to; describe the socio-economic characteristics of the rural forest farm families in the study area, examine the level of awareness of forestry laws in the study area, ascertain the level of compliance with forestry laws in the study area and identify the perceived constraints to forestry laws compliance in the study area. The population of the study consists of all the farmers in the rural forest communities of Plateau State. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total number of 216 respondents for the study. Data for the study was garnered using structured questionnaire designed in line with objectives of the study. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics and five point likert rating scale. Log it regression was used to test the hypothesis of the study. Findings revealed that the mean age of the farmers was 39 years with majority (61.0%) of them being male. The result also revealed that 85.0% of the respondents were married with majority (57.0%) of the respondents having non-formal education. The average household size of the respondents was 7 persons and average farm size of 2.5 hectares. The result further shows that only 49.0% of the farmers had contact with extension agents between 1 and 5 times in the last one year. Results indicate that farmers’ level of compliance with forestry laws in the study area was poor. The few forestry laws complied with in the study area were: law prohibiting the pasturing or grazing of cattle in the forest reserve (X=3.02), law prohibiting the erection of buildings or roads in the forest reserve (X=3.85) and law prohibiting kindling of fire in the forest reserve (X=3.54).Constraints to compliance with forestry laws includes; Perceived lack of fairness of tree tenure (79%), lack of alternative economic opportunities (87%), as a constraint to forest law compliance in the study area, lack of awareness of forest laws (71%), increased demand for agricultural land (42%), general lack of perceived legitimacy (33%), Corruption in government institutions (28%) and weak law enforcement (5%). The null hypothesis was rejected. The study recommends that, a zero tolerance policy on non-compliance with forestry laws should be put in place to checkmate indiscriminate exploitation of forest resources.

Corruption in Russian Law Enforcement

This study examines crime and corruption among Russian law enforcement agencies after 2009 Police Reforms (henceforth referred to as Reforms). These Reforms sought to curb corruption at all levels of the Russian civil service and among uniformed law enforcement personnel. Many law enforcement officers thought that the rebranding of the militsiya as “politsiya” would have a transformational effect within the organization as well as how others perceived it. Ultimately, the rebranding effort failed; the only concrete changes were the organization's name and its personnel's uniforms. In fact, the Reforms seem to have contributed to even more corruption and abuse of power, as well as an expansion of the Ministry of Interior's ties to corrupt networks.

Tactics of detection and documentation of operating subsits of illegal migration as one of the organized crime activities

In accordance with the purpose of the research, the article formulates recommendations for improving the tactics of detecting and documenting operational units of illegal migration related to organized (transnational) crime. A number of theoretical propositions and practical recommendations of theoretical and practical importance are substantiated, in particular:The spread of organized (transnational) crime in the area of illegal migration is primarily due to the extra profits (huge costs) from the organization of channels of illegal migration.Economic, social, cultural, political and economic factors are decisive factors affecting illegal migration processes, and the corrupt law enforcement and governmental links with organized (transnational) crime provide unimpeded conditions for such crime to be committed. with illegal migration.The increase in the number of illegal migrants, above all, directly influences the dynamics of growth in the level of certain types of offenses. At the same time, the analysis of scientific research shows that an illegal migrant should be considered (identified) not only from the perspective of the offender but also from the perspective of the victim. Moreover, the analysis of the background indicates that illegal migrants are potential victims of trafficking in human beings. In view of the above, it can be concluded that these crimes are interconnected, as illegal migration to some extent affects the dynamics of the spread of crimes related to trafficking in human beings.When choosing the most successful tactic for detecting and documenting the organization of organized (transnational) crime of smuggling persons across the state border or committing crimes related to trafficking in human beings, an employee of the operational unit for the rational use of forces, means, methods and forms of operative activities should have knowledge of the specific features that distinguish illegal migration from trafficking in human beings (68.3 % of respondents said this).It offers its own classification of levels of hierarchical structure of organized (transnational) crime, which specializes in illegal smuggling of illegal migrants, in particular: organizer (leader) of organized crime group of higher level; regional (local) organizers (leaders) of middle or lower levels of organized crime; the recruitment of illegal migrants; conductors (carriers).

Punishment Asset Forfeiture for Corruptor In Perspective of Indonesian Community Justice

This study discusses the prospect of criminal asset forfeiture in the Corruption criminal act as a staple criminal. The research is based on the fact that the state's financial loss recovery due to corruption crimes is not achieved, whereas the purpose of law enforcement corruption is aimed at restoring the state's financial losses. But these objectives are not manifested through proper pipetting to accomplish that goal. The purpose of this research is to assess the prospect of asset deprivation as a staple criminal in the framework of national criminal law reform . The methods used in this study used normative research methods with a conceptual approach as a breakthrough problem occurred. This research gain results when criminal asset forfeiture is placed as principal criminal; it will realise the goal of state financial recovery due to corruption crimes and will be aligned with community justice. Keywords: Asset forfeiture, Corruption, Penal Reform.

Law enforcement corruption along the U.S. borders

The purpose of the study is to provide an empirical characterization of law enforcement corruption along the U.S. borders. Data were analyzed on 156 criminal cases of officers and agents employed by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Results from the present work advance the understanding of the significantly under-studied topic of border law enforcement corruption in the U.S. context. The majority of the cases were related to organized crime activities. In terms of sex, age, and location, there were significant differences between CBP’s two main workforce components, corrupt customs officers, responsible for customs operations at the country’s official entry points, and border patrol agents, who patrol the border between ports of entry. Both types of employees working along the southern border of the U.S. with very short histories of service were more likely to be involved in drug-related corruption than their senior counterparts who were instead prone to immigration-related corruption.

Violation of the order of operations with scrap metal: problems of criminal liability

The article is focused on finding out the consequences of legislative reforms in the investigated sphere and reviewing the problematic issues of prosecution for violations of the procedure for the implementation of operations with scrap metal. The composition of the criminal offense provided in Article 213 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine was investigated, and significant limitations of the current version of the aforecited article were identified. The problem of inconsistency of criminal and economic legislation in this area has been highlighted. The article examines the economic and legal parameters of legal transactions with scrap metal. Also, the article draws attention to the fact that the distinctive feature of Article 213 of the Criminal Code is a referential nature of the disposition since the very procedure for the execution of scrap transactions is regulated by some normative legal acts of economic legislation. The judicial practice of prosecution for violation of the procedure for carrying out operations with scrap metal has been investigated, and ways of modernization and improvement of the current legislation in the investigated sphere have been suggested. The article is examining the practice of imposing punishment for violation of the order of operations with scrap metal. The author has proved that in the vast majority of cases, the consequences of the investigated crime are expressed in the form of law abuse by law enforcement agencies, corruption components, and unlawful (non-law-based/not based on law) sentencing. The article concluded that the legislator has to revise and change the approach to criminal liability for violations of the operation of scrap metal transactions given the current trends of deregulation policy in the field of economic activity, and courts must ensure compliance with the general principles of criminal proceedings and adopt legitimate, substantiated and motivated verdicts. Conclusions and recommendations are based on the study of normative legal acts and the analysis of judicial practice in this area.

Eksistensi Pemberantasan Korupsi dalam Perjanjian investasi Internasional di Indonesia

The International Investment Agreements can actually weaken the existence of law enforcement in Indonesia over the eradication of corruption. Surely, an International Investment Agreementa in Indonesia should include a prohibition of corruption in pre, post and International Investment Agreements as India did in their model Bilateral Investment Treaties (BIT). In addition, Investors can sue the State for corruption law enforcement against him, through legal gap in fair n Equitable Treatment (FET) content on the grounds of "denial of justice." Futhermore, Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanism content further strengthens Investor positions in International Arbitration, because only Investors can sue countries with compensation of up to billions of dollars. As a result, the State losses become 2 (two) times, the losses incurred by the act of corruption committed by the defendant and the cost of the case in International Arbitration. Similarly, Indonesia should also immediately adopt the FET concept in the Indonesia-New Model BIT where this content limits Investors to sue the State even in criminal law enforcement.

Противодействие коррупции в органах полиции Российской Федерации и Федеративной Республики Германия

The police as a law enforcement body of a specific state was created to perform a variety of tasks in order to maintain the law and order in society, to ensure the security of the state, its citizens. In accordance with the role of the police in the legal doctrine of different countries (Germany, France, England, etc.), in due time, there were even separate schools to study this institution.
 The police are also one of the subjects of anti-corruption. Nevertheless, this does not mean that corruption cannot exist in the ranks of the police. Despite the general increase in confidence in the police and their employees, noted by the All-Russia centre of studying of public opinion over the last few years in the Russian Federation, today the efforts to combat corruption need to be undertaken not only outside, but also within the police departments themselves. It is obvious that corrupt law enforcement bodies are not able to perform effectively and qualitatively their tasks, and this fast poses a real threat to the state, society and the individual. Thus, the task of improving the complex of anti-corruption measures in the police bodies is becoming more urgent.
 The article presents a comparative legal analysis of anti-corruption in the police bodies of Russia and Germany in modern conditions. The measures of influence are defined, as well as the forms of interaction of law enforcement agencies in the fight against this negative social phenomenon. The authors come to conclusion that the effective system of anti-corruption in police facilitates not only by the system of legislative sanctions adopted in the state, but also by the qualitative implementation of the state’s social policy with regard to civil servants.

UPAYA PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI KOTA SAMARINDA

Speaking of corruption is being aggressively reviled by various circles of society , people no longer trust law enforcement corruption . With a variety of reasons escape corruption charges. Is this making people more amused components against corruption . Born as a result of the impact of corruption is very dangerous , one of which the decline of the national economy . Anti-corruption efforts solely through the prosecution of corruption , whereas the present moment awareness need everyone to obey the law of corruption .The perpetrators of corruption in Samarinda always hide behind the policies and provisions contained in the legislation governing the authority of an agency or official , so as though everything is a discretionary authority .This type of research used in this paper is an empirical legal research methods with qualitative approach to analyze the data that refers to the rules and regulations perudang . So as to obtain an overview of the impact of corruption in public life , analyze and formulate on law enforcement corruption , and to analyze the factors that affect the law enforcement corruption in the city of Samarinda

Old strategies and new approaches towards policing drug markets in Rio de Janeiro

The present article reviews how policing illegal drug markets has evolved in Rio de Janeiro over the last 30 years. It begins with the traditional paradigm, based on the concept of the ‘war on drugs’, that uses militarized and confrontational strategies. Next, it assesses the impact of recent developments, such as the spread of so called ‘militias’, composed of corrupt law enforcement agents who dominate many communities, and the introduction of the Police Pacification Unit programme (UPP) in 2008. This new programme sets as its main goals the recovery of territorial control from criminal groups and the reduction of violence rather than the end of drug trafficking. Advances, contradictions and limitations of this intervention are discussed.

The influence of corruption: a South African case

Purpose– A growing public concern among South African citizens is that of corruption in law enforcement, an awareness of which causes significant tension in the community – police relationship. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how law enforcement corruption influences service delivery satisfaction and public trust.Design/methodology/approach– Data from the Victims of Crime Survey 2013/2014 for all nine provinces in South Africa were utilised, yielding a final sample of 25,605 respondents. By means of standard multiple-regression analysis, the study established that corruption statistically significantly influence service delivery satisfaction and public trust.Findings– The demographic variables that statistically significantly influenced the aforementioned dependent variables were province, population group and age. Gender and religion were not found to influence law enforcement public trust and service delivery satisfaction significantly.Research limitations/implications– It is recommended that the findings be used to stimulate public debate and renew efforts to curb law enforcement corruption specifically by emphasising police integrity.Practical implications– Limited empirical evidence can be found on the influence of law enforcement corruption on service delivery satisfaction and public trust especially in South Africa where police corruption is a serious concern. Determining the consequences of perceived corruption underscore the importance thereof and will renew efforts to curb as such the prevalence thereof.Social implications– The case study of South Africa could provide valuable lessons not only for South African policy makers but for other countries perilled by high crime rates, a lack of public trust and social segmentation.Originality/value– Limited empirical evidence could be found on the influence of law enforcement corruption on service delivery satisfaction and public trust especially in South Africa where police corruption is a serious concern.

Kejahatan Pidana Khusus Korupsi di Indonesia Perspektif Hukum Islam Progresif dalam Integritas Hukum Nasional

Corruption is a crime enormous harm to the community and it is an issue that needs serious treatment by law enforcement. This paper discusses the perspective of a progressive Islamic law in the integrity of national law against corruption. This paper analyzed the approachs of national law and Islamic law. The results showed that law enforcement corruption in the legal review of progressive Islam begins with awareness and understanding of modernization. Awareness of the system of political and economic laws, officers, the public, and anyone, so as to integrate its values ​​on positive law and can directly change the character of the personality of the soul and mind personalized Muslim-majority Indonesia are Muslim, so it will bear legal certainty, usefulness Indonesian law and justice in a truly progressive of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet.

UPAYA PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI KOTA SAMARINDA

Speaking of corruption is being aggressively reviled by various circles of society , people no longer trust law enforcement corruption . With a variety of reasons escape corruption charges. Is this making people more amused components against corruption . Born as a result of the impact of corruption is very dangerous , one of which the decline of the national economy . Anti-corruption efforts solely through the prosecution of corruption , whereas the present moment awareness need everyone to obey the law of corruption .The perpetrators of corruption in Samarinda always hide behind the policies and provisions contained in the legislation governing the authority of an agency or official , so as though everything is a discretionary authority .This type of research used in this paper is an empirical legal research methods with qualitative approach to analyze the data that refers to the rules and regulations perudang . So as to obtain an overview of the impact of corruption in public life , analyze and formulate on law enforcement corruption , and to analyze the factors that affect the law enforcement corruption in the city of Samarinda

English

State-Owned Enterprises administered by the professional who works with rule and regulation. Steps in the form of profit in money terms, it is not independent of the existence of the risk in the form of the possibility of losses. In carrying out the actions of The State-Owned Enterprises have always been faced with the possibility of obtaining profits or suffer losses. Therefore, the losses that occur in professional decision making should not be casually (not necessarily should) be considered as a deliberate act which is equivalent to committing financial fraud Problem management to State-Owned Enterprises and refines that may give rise to uncertainties in law enforcement corruption, losses arising on a transaction conducted by the perpetrators of State-Owned Enterprises was acts that inflict such losses can be seen as a disadvantage the SOES can be raises the loss of State-Owned Enterprises, considering it as a business entity is seeking a profit, which in its management could be profit or loss depends on how could market mechanisms

Shrinking the State to Solve Corruption

Some argue that the best way to eliminate corruption is to minimize the role of the state. Yet this is based on a overly simple understanding about the relationship between the state, corruption, and the market. Sometimes a minimization of state involvement is appropriate, while at other times corruption requires greater state intervention and resources. First I will examine the corruption in many developing countries that is associated with government services. Though many advocate eliminating non-essential government services and interventions in an effort to eliminate corruption this can sometimes do more harm than good. Next I will examine the contention that privatization decreases corruption by eliminating government waste. I argue that though privatization has potential to decrease corruption, the privatization process itself, if done improperly, can actually lead to an increase in opportunities for corruption. Finally I will look at corruption in law enforcement, as an example of corruption which requires greater government resources as part of the solution.

The Upsurge of Oil Theft and Illegal Bunkering in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Is There a Way Out?

This paper examines the rising cases of oil theft in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria which has negatively impacted on the Nigerian economy. This is because Nigerian state solely depend oil generated revenues for her economic survival. The aim of this study is to critically examine the methods, actors, causes, impacts of oil theft and the measures adopted by Nigerian governments to combat oil theft. The location of the study is the Niger Delta region and the study was timed within the period of 2009-2014. Secondary data were generated for the study, while content analysis was used for data interpretation and analysis. The study revealed that different individuals and groups were involved in oil theft and illegal bunkering activities. The study further proved that persistence oil theft in the Niger Delta is due to the enthroned corruption by Nigerian elites, high level of youth unemployment, ineffective and corrupt law enforcement agencies and international crime collaborations. The study also revealed that successive Nigerian governments have made attempts to curb the menace by the establishment of a special security outfit, militarization of the Niger Delta region and granting of amnesty to Niger Delta militants but the upsurge of oil theft in recent times clearly indicates that success has not been achieved, hence some recommendations were proffered to put an end to oil theft in the Niger Delta region. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s2p563

Deferred Corporate Prosecution as Corrupt Regime: The Case for Prison

This paper looks at the growing phenomenon of deferred corporate criminal prosecutions from a new perspective. The literature accepts the practice and is largely concerned with the degree to which efficient and effective criminal deterrence is achieved through pretrial diversion. I examine the practice and conclude that it presents, from a structural perspective, a case of a corrupt law enforcement regime centered in the United States Department of Justice. The regime works in effective – if unintentional – conspiracy with corporate officials to produce an inefficient enforcement regime that disregards democratic processes and threatens a loss of respect for the rule of law. I conclude that the use of individual prosecution with the possibility of prison for corporate executives is the most effective way to restore the corporate criminal regime to a functioning legal practice.

Freight Vehicles Regulatory Assistance System Based on Internet of Things

In order to guarantee the safety of the highway transportation and the durability of road use, reducing vehicle overloading transfinite damage to roads and dangerous driving influence on transportation security, curb corruption in traffic law enforcement, our team is based on vehicle networking technology, the video monitoring technology, RFID radio frequency technology, geographic information platform, information fusion technology, 3G network, the organic combination of GPS positioning technology, developed a freight vehicle supervision assistant system. System can not only achieve dynamic measuring weight, illegal vehicle information acquisition and processing, and also can realize illegal vehicle directional interception, dangerous driving warning and drivers complaint report law enforcement behavior, to reduce overload the accident happened at the same time, also reduce the waste of traffic administration human and financial resources, realize the driver and two-way supervision and law enforcement personnel, make the law enforcement process more fair, just and open, thus further improving the overall quality of traffic law enforcement.

Natural resources, livelihoods, and reserve management: a case study from sundarbans mangrove forests, bangladesh

The Sundarbans Reserved Forest, and its surrounding buffer zone, is one of the most diverse and richest areas of natural resource in Bangladesh. It is a part of the largest mangrove forest in the world, with an area of about 10,000 km², of which 6,000 km² are in Bangladesh and about 4,000 km² are part of India: it has been recognized as an internationally important World Heritage and Ramsar site. The mangroves provide substantial ecosystem services supporting the livelihood of local communities. This paper describes the diverse uses of these natural resources and aims to evaluate the contribution of ecosystem services to the livelihood of residents. The results indicate that residents depend on ecosystem services in two ways. First, local households earn cash income by selling ecosystem products, such as fihoney, and nipa palm, at local markets. Second, the use of natural resources provides substantial subsistence such as food, fresh water, and timber. However, residents’ income may be signifi cantly increased by improved resource management, including reducing local authority corruption and improvements in law enforcement. Our paper concludes with a range of recommendations for enhancing residents’ standard of living while conserving natural resources.

Small-scale mining in Ghana: The government and the galamsey

This paper argues that the current formalization system for small-scale gold miners in Ghana has been undermined and the small-scale mining laws no longer capture the reality of the sector’s activities. The paper will examine the small-scale mining system and shows that registered and unregistered actors operate not only in parallel but are actually intertwined and highly dependent on one another. The paper shows that the perceived dichotomy of formal and informal actors in the sector does not actually exist. The sector has instead evolved into a highly intertwined group of semi-formal sectors operating with varying degrees of legal registrations. The paper concludes that political leniency and law enforcement corruption has resulted in a booming small-scale gold system under poor government control. The paper recommends that politicians move to enact reforms to regularize the small-scale mining sector and curtail ubiquitous environmental and occupational safety problems. Anti-corruption initiatives and law enforcement reforms are the most urgent. However, reforming the laws is also necessary to capture and regulate the technological innovations the sector is currently using.