Corrupt Law Enforcement Research Articles

Legal Protection for Students as Whistleblowers of Corruption Cases in Universities

A whistleblower is necessary for corruption cases in universities. by emphasizing previous research that discusses related, legal protection for reporters to eradicate corruption about academic freedom. Then, the weak coordination of law enforcement corruption. And the pattern of corruption in universities shows that corruption can concern all professions, including academics. This study aims to make a real contribution to the efforts of ethics enforcement and anti-corruption in the university environment. Increasing legal protection for students as reporters is expected to create a more supportive and safe environment for those who want to disclose corruption. So, the researchers used socio-legal methods in this study. This study highlights the relationship between law and society to create a more complex answer to the problem raised. The results of this research contain conclusions about the difficulty of the active role of students and what legal protection efforts are obtained in combating corruption in universities. This study offers something : (1) barriers and legal protection efforts to students as whistleblowers in eradicating university corruption; (2) on how to handle corruption cases in universities, especially students as reporters. This study concluded that the government and university leaders must be able to provide legal certainty by protecting students as reporters, and those who reveal corruption need to be strengthened to avoid retaliation or intimidation so that students are safer reporting allegations of corruption without fear of facing repression or other reprisals.

ANALYSIS OF LEGAL MECHANISMS FOR COMBATING CORRUPTION IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

The article is an analytical study of the legal mechanisms used in the fight against corruption within the framework of socio-philosophical analysis. The author examines modern approaches to the fight against corruption based on social and philosophical concepts such as justice, responsibility, and moral values. The article discusses the effectiveness of various legal instruments and mechanisms, including legislative acts, administrative procedures and international agreements, in the context of their compliance with social and philosophical principles. The author also analyzes the obstacles and challenges faced by legal mechanisms to combat corruption, including corruption in law enforcement and judicial structures, lack of transparency and lack of consideration of public interests. In conclusion, the article offers recommendations for improving legal mechanisms in order to more effectively combat corruption based on a socio-philosophical approach.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CORRUPTION CRIME INVESTIGATIONS IN THE SECTOR OF PROCUREMENT OF GOVERNMENT GOODS AND SERVICES (Case Study at Poso Police)

This study aims to: 1) find out and analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the investigation into corruption in the field of procurement of government goods and services in the jurisdiction of the Poso Police and 2) To find out and analyze and evaluate the factors that influence the implementation of the investigation of corruption in the procurement of government goods and services in the jurisdiction of the Poso Police. This study uses a juridical-empirical type of research because the emphasis is on examining the effectiveness of investigations into criminal acts of corruption in the procurement of government goods and services in the jurisdiction of the Poso Police. So, the data needed in this study are primary and secondary. The data collection technique is by conducting interviews to obtain valid data. The results of the study show that: 1) The effectiveness of the Investigation of Corruption Crimes in the Procurement of Government Goods and Services in the jurisdiction of the Poso Police is less effective because of several obstacles such as limited investigator resources, limited laws, limited facilities and infrastructure, and limited information from the community; and 2) Factors influencing corruption law enforcement by investigators from the Poso Police Tipikor Unit in handling corruption cases, namely human resource factors and legal structures, internal and external constraints, while internal constraints are quantity, quality and facilities and infrastructure factors, while external constraints namely Intervention Factors (political) and public support or public trust is still lacking.

Квалифицирующий признак мелкого взяточничества (ч. 2 ст. 291.2 УК РФ)

In the field of countering corruption law enforcement agencies periodically face problems of qualifying the crimes under Articles 290, 291, 291.1, Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code.
 These issues are the subject of ongoing discussions in the scientific community.
 In this regard, the purpose of this article is to study the validity of the recognition by the legislator as a qualifying sign of petty bribery such a characteristic as an individual’s criminal record for committing crimes under Articles 290, 291, 291.1 of the Criminal Code or Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
 Taking into account statistical data, indicating an increase in the number of persons sentenced under Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation over the past two years, as well as national legislative experience of establishing increased criminal responsibility for persons previously convicted of similar crimes, and analysing scientists’ opinions on the matter, the author justifies a positive answer to this question. In addition, the article focuses on the optimality of the existing legislative version of Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code. In order to implement the idea of enhancing criminal liability against persons with a criminal record for similar crimes, the author considers it possible to expand the list of articles indicated in Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, to include all acts related to taking and giving unlawful remuneration.
 During the research the following methods were used: statistical, systematic, comparative, statutory interpretation, historical.
 Results. As a result the following edition of qualifying elements of petty bribery is proposed: «The same acts committed by a person, having a criminal record for offences, provided by Articles 184, 200.5, 200.7, 204, 204.1, 204.2, 290, 291, 291.1, 291.2 of the present Code.

Tramadol regulation, illegal markets and consumption practices: exploring frictions of drug control in Nigeria

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the complex interplay between illicit opioids trade and consumption practices and state policies that aim to reduce their misuse.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted an exploratory design. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 31 commercially oriented drug dealers in Uyo, Nigeria. The framework approach was used in data analyses, while “friction” provided the interpretive lens.FindingsAccounts revealed public concerns over the misuse of tramadol and other opioids among young people and the associated health and social harms. These concerns provided support for enforcement-based approaches to prescription opioids control, including police raids on pharmacy stores. These measures did not curtail opioids supply and consumption. Instead, they constrained access to essential medicines for pain management, encouraged illegal markets and fuelled law enforcement corruption in the form of police complicity in illegal tramadol trade.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings reveal the frictions of drug control in Nigeria, wherein enforcement-based approaches gained traction through public concerns about opioids misuse but also faced resistance due to the persistence of non-medical use and illegal supply channels made possible by law enforcement complicity. These indicate a need to prioritize approaches that seek to reduce illegal supply and misuse of opioids while ensuring availability of these medications for health-care needs.Originality/valueThe study is unique in its focus on the creative tension that exists between state control measures and local opioids supply and consumption practices.

Pancasila as a Source of Law in Enforcing Corruption in Indonesia

Indonesia is currently in a state of emergency in law enforcement, especially in cases of corruption. Law enforcement in Indonesia is still quite alarming because the law in Indonesia still views the public and officials, this view is certainly not equal and not in accordance with the values ​​contained in Pancasila. With the inequality of legal equality of corruption, there are many problems ranging from health to the economy. Corruption is an act that is very detrimental in various sectors, especially in its enforcement that is not in accordance with the values ​​of Pancasila which causes enforcement in Indonesia to be very sad. In the discussion of this journal, it focuses more on the values ​​of Pancasila so that law enforcement in Indonesia returns to normal or enforcement in Indonesia can be said to be equivalent which contains the values ​​of Pancasila in it. In taking the material in this journal, we use the library study method which will add insight into how to take the attitude of Pancasila values ​​in law enforcement corruption.

Law Enforcement of Corruption in The Business Framework of State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia

: Law enforcement of corruption by corruptors still has gaps to be exploited by irresponsible parties in weakening the position of political or business opponents. The formulation in the legal system of criminal acts of corruption is unclear, making law enforcers less professional in applying the law in the field of criminal acts of corruption. The purpose of this study is to analyze and find corruption law enforcement regulations within the BUMN business framework that are not yet based on the value of justice and the weaknesses of corruption law enforcement regulations within the current BUMN business framework in Indonesia, as well as the reconstruction of corruption law enforcement regulations in Indonesia. SOE business framework based on the value of justice. The research method used is constructivism paradigm, sociological juridical approach, and qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that the law enforcement regulations for corruption within the BUMN business framework are not based on the value of justice, that the state financial loss will be closely related to the provisions of Law no. 1 of 2004 concerning the State Treasury and provisions related to the position, duties and functions of the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK). 2) The weakness of the legal substance is that in substance the existence of 4 (four) laws and regulations that are multi -aspects in BUMN and have different regulatory objects from each other have resulted in confusion over the financial accountability of BUMN. The weakness of the aspect of legal structure is that there is no synergy between law enforcers so that it is no longer fragmentary and the existence of the paradigm of the judiciary shows that the legal structure came first but has not yet been followed by adequate legal substance. Weaknesses in the aspect of legal culture are often subjective in nature which highlights, among other things, the loyalty and loyalty of law enforcement officials in carrying out and carrying out state duties, patterns of behavior and professionalism of officers, being one of the main issues that must be studied for reform and a solution in enforcing criminal law. corruption within the framework of an integral SOE business.

Crime Series of Modern Russia: a Criminological Analysis

The authors provide a criminological view on series about criminals and those who should counteract them, which are broadcast in primetime and continue to be popular for a long time after their premiers. From the culturological standpoint, crime series in new Russia demonstrate an evident degradation, manifested in the glorification of those whom Fyodr M. Dostoyevsky called «murderers and prostitutes». The unceremonious crossing of the «red line» of moral prohibitions is highly meaningful - it represents the ideology of nihilism, permissiveness, and dehumanization of a person. A typical feature of Russian crime series is copying the West, and propaganda of Western club culture that is unimaginable without drugs. It is persistently impressed upon the viewers that drug-dealing business is protected by corrupt law enforcement officers. Crime series are often either explicitly or implicitly aimed at creating a negative image of law enforcement agencies: police officers do not only «protect» the business, but commit intentional crimes; prosecutors, as a rule, have close links with criminals, and customs officers - with smugglers. The negative picture presented by the series is aggravated by numerous legal blunders. Endless distortions of Russian legislation together with a typical readiness of servants of the law to violate it give some people the idea that vigilante justice and righteous revenge are admissible. The relative number of people sympathizing with the idea of vigilante justice is high and rather stable. It is an obvious symptom of the pathology of social organism indicating that the processes of the de-organization of legitimate power are under way. Some scholars assess such processes positively in their research, as manifestations of legal pluralism and community justice. It is an attempt to legalize the archaic forms of resolving conflicts in society. Modern experience of the break-up of states shows that when the state ceases to be the regulator of certain spheres of public life, its place is eventually taken by criminals. It is only possible to counteract this by strengthening the state power on the constitutional basis.

CORRUPTION OFFENCES EDUCATION LITERACY IN PREVENTING THE LOSS OF NATIONAL TREASURES: A REVIEW OF CHALLENGES AND CONCERNS

This paper’s primary objective is to deconstruct the concerns and challenges that are related with the culture of corruption or viewed as the underlying cause of corruption problems in our country. In light of this circumstance, corruption offences education literacy plays a crucial role in educating the community against corruption. The topics discussed in this article include (i) Integrity, (ii) Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), (iii) Community Role, and (iv) Youth Awareness Efforts. The results of the study present eight (8) mandatory measures to combat corruption, namely 1. Understanding the Characteristics of Corrupt Acts and Gift Giving, 2. Eliminating the Corruption Culture and Abuse of Power as a Standard of Living in the Community, 3. Shaping Public Perception against Corruption in Politics, 4. Educating the Public about the Consequences of Corruption on the National Administrative System, 5. Developing Institutions and Strategies to Combat Corruption, 6. Stressing the Importance of Fighting Corruption Through Experiential Learning, 7. Diverse Methods of Combating Corruption in the Past and Present, and 8. Corruption Law Enforcement and Punishment. The goal of the future study should be to demonstrate that corruption will not be eradicated in the near future whereby education must emphasise learning via the experience of the younger generation in order to instil the nature of integrity, strong spirit, and ethical values, as well as high discipline, so that individuals can build a strong sense of self and fight all sorts of corruption, thus should be prominent in society so as to abolish the culture of corruption in Malaysia.

Reduce Corruption in Public Procurement: The Effort Towards Good Governance

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p class="AbstractText">The Corruption Eradication Commission is introducing new laws on corruption. However, the crucial questions are whether the said laws effectively decrease corruption cases, including corruption in public procurement. The number of factors that result in corruption is increasing, especially in the public procurement sector. One of the most important things that can't be ignored is that the public doesn't take part in supervision. This study aims to examine how to reduce corruption in public procurement through an effort towards good governance. The study takes <em>a socio-legal approach. By reviewing some review literature relevant to public procurement corruption, as well as reports by multiple authorities tracking the same subject. </em>This study<em> </em>concludes<em> </em>that<em> public procurement law policies in Indonesia have not worked well. This is one of them, influenced by corrupt law enforcement officials and the irresponsible political elite. As a result, existing legal regulations are not properly implemented.</em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

Forced Labor Exploitation: Illegal Trading in Protected Goods in the Southern African Countries

Human exploitation refers to the curtailment of fundamental human rights. The crime plays out notwithstanding the laws that criminalizes human abuses. This study explored the policing of human trafficking and forced labor in the Southern African countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and assesses the capabilities and abilities of law enforcement agencies in the region to curb the scourge. In this study a qualitative perspective was adopted with use of literature study and interviews. The prevalence of organized criminal groupings exacerbates the problem of human trafficking and forced labor in the region. Law enforcement corruption is rife as the police are often accused of acts of receiving bribes. There are capacity constraints in the policing agencies across the region which impacts negatively on proactive enforcement of protected goods. The study reveals that respective law enforcement agencies work in seclusion and do not systematize their databases to share information with other agencies owing to a prevailing cynicism amongst countries. It is proposed that there should be harmonization of law enforcement agencies’ databases to share information for intelligence purposes and to develop defensive and responsive response mechanisms to thwart the crime.

Law Review a Doctor's Certificate in the Judicial System of Indonesia on the Criminal Acts of Corruption

Phenomenon by providing a Doctor's certificate in the criminal justice system involving a witness, a suspect, accused in corruption cases start of the examination in the Police, the Prosecutor's office, Corruption Eradication Commission, the Court, as well as in Correctional Institutions, stating that the person concerned should be treated and treated specifically and also nothing should be referred to the hospital with complete amenities, this phenomenon has been carried out since long. The utilization of a doctor's certificate is against the law in criminal cases of corruption, according to the dynamics of law enforcement in Indonesia is certainly not going to stop. If this issue continues to be adversely affects the process of law enforcement in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. The source of the data obtained in this research is sourced from the material library and descriptive analytics which is intended to reveal a problem or situation or event as it is so that it can uncover the actual facts. The results in this study show that Fraud and irregularities a Doctor's certificate will easily occur. There is a strong tendency among law enforcement, that a doctor's certificate is evidence that the strong, and can not be contested. In the history of law enforcement corruption in Indonesia, law enforcement has yet to cultivate the examination and make a doctor's certificate is genuine or fake and can be justified scientifically and professionally. In addition, it is also never ask for another opinion from another doctor to check the health of a person declared sick and was unable to be present in the judicial process, from the previous doctor. Keywords: A Doctor's Certificate, Criminal Justice, Corruption.

Гібридна війна в Україні як ризикоутворюючий чинник глобалізації

Актуалізовано необхідність наукового осмислення ризикогенного впливу глобалізації у контексті пошуку оптимальних шляхів розбудови ризик-орієнтованого державного управління в Україні. Проаналізовано вплив таких ризикоутворюючих чинників глобалізації для сучасної України, як гібридні війни та гібридні загрози. Доведено, що неефективність і фактична відсутність діяльності з управління політичними та національними ризиками на державному рівні за весь період незалежності України стали одним із основних джерел критичних вразливостей Української держави поряд із спроможністю зовнішнього агресора підсилювати їх дію. Обґрунтування диференціацію політичних ризикогенних чинників, що формували критичні вразливості держави, на такі, що іманентно властиві Україні, і такі, що були навмисно створені Росією.

Efforts to Recover State Financial Losses through Asset Blocking as a Corruption Law Enforcement Strategy

One of the elements in the criminal act of corruption is the loss of state finances. Against this state financial loss, the good old Corruption Law, namely Law no. 3 of 1971 and the newer Law no. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law no. 20 of 2001, stipulates a policy that state financial losses must be returned or replaced by perpetrators of corruption (Asset Recovery). The application of the law on state financial losses in relation to criminal acts of corruption that must be proven is the existence of state financial losses that have a causal relationship with the actions of the perpetrators of corruption. In this paper, the author uses a descriptive qualitative methodology to describe the conditions as they are, without giving treatment or manipulation to the variables studied.

Inhaling thick smoke: cannabis subculture, community forming and socio-structural challenges in Nigeria

Research on cannabis subcultures has a long history in Western countries. In Nigeria, there is a dearth of such studies. This study explored cannabis use and community forming and how users manage police’s extrajudicial practices and stigma from the broader society in Awka, Nigeria. We elicited data using participant observation and semi-structured interviews with men and women who use cannabis. Two forms of cannabis exchange rituals guided by reciprocity norms were common, facilitating social interaction and solidarity among cannabis users’ networks. These sharing rituals include passing joints from lip to lip and purchasing a single-use quantity for someone in need with the receiver expected to reciprocate that goodwill in the future. Cannabis users encounter challenges, including structural stigma, fear of arrest, and extrajudicial practices such as being pressured to offer bribes or pay for bail (constitutionally free) when arrested. Another (gendered) challenge was heightened social stigma, which women who use cannabis mostly experienced. Cannabis users form communities or subcultures around the drug, which cushion the effects of persecution by corrupt law enforcement agents and social discrimination. They also employ innovative ways of using cannabis to avoid detection, arrest, and stigmatization. With culturally specific findings from a non-Western context, our study furthers knowledge on cannabis subcultures. The findings have demonstrated that cannabis subcultures still exist in Nigeria despite the changing drug landscape and widely discussed tendencies towards normalization in the Global North. Our findings also indicated that cannabis users suffer stigmatization and human rights abuses. There is a need to address drug-related social-structural stigma and police corruption in Nigeria.

Bureaucratic Quality and Social Development

Although a long tradition of research shows that the correlation between economic growth and well-being is imperfect, the sociology of development continues to focus on economic growth. In this paper we take a first step toward a sociology of social development by defining which indicators other than economic growth best capture different facets of citizen well-being, theorizing what social phenomena explain the variance in these indicators, and specifying causal mechanisms that connect the two. We show quantitatively that one main predictor of social development is basic sanitation, and that a key correlate of poor sanitation is corruption in law enforcement. We use direct measures of experiences with corruption, rather than subjective measures of perceptions of corruption. We then draw on qualitative data to suggest why and how corruption in the judiciary enables poor sanitation. Where the state does not efficiently deliver municipal services, intermediaries facilitate illegal access to services, and can only perform their work if law enforcement can be bribed. But by providing access to some citizens and not all, these intermediaries fragment citizens’ interests. Politics develops around lines of patronage rather than programmatic policies, and those who do not have the material resources to bypass the poor municipal systems, or the political resources to participate in patronage, are left without access to basic sanitation.

Reconstruction of Corruption Law Enforcement in the Anti Rasuah Institution "Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK)” (Based on Approach “Berani Jujur Pecat” (Dare Honest Fired)”

Changes to the law are a necessity in accordance with the development of society, whether one law is revised or in the form of reconstruction or deconstruction by changing all existing laws, especially in one state institution that has a special function, for example the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) must follow development? What is the Institutional and Personal Position of the KPK after the status transfer to State Civil Apparatus? How effective is the KPK in eradicating corruption after it has been reconstructed? The reconstruction of the KPK institution is expected to bring the KPK to be better, more optimal and remain a supervisory institution for other law enforcement agencies that are able to bring order and legal certainty and justice to the people of Indonesia. The change in the status of KPK employees to State Civil Apparatus is a form of generalizing KPK personnel without making distinctions like so far, so it is feared that there will be no more competition and contestation between the investigative teams who work professionally. The existence of the KPK institution is re-examined with the enactment of Law Number 19 of 2019 concerning the KPK, hopefully the stigma of the superbody institution will remain attached to the KPK will not turn into a super executive institution that works at the request of certain parties and hopefully the KPK will maintain the psychology of the people who hope that the KPK must continue to exist even if fired for doing "HONEST" and the truth.

LAW ENFORCEMENT POLICIES IN CRIMINAL ACTS OF CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA

The law enforcement of corruption crimes that have been carried out so far only illustrates success in uncovering, arresting, detaining, prosecuting and convicted of the perpetrators who are found guilty. Still, it has not demonstrated success in eradicating corruption crimes widely. So that the success of such efforts creates a perception that Indonesia's corruption crimes are increasing, with this fact, what is illustrated is that Indonesia is a corrupt country. This is undoubtedly a contradiction with the expected goal of eradicating corruption crimes. The purpose of this article is to analyze corrupt law enforcement policies in Indonesia. This article concludes that amid national development efforts in various fields, the public's aspirations in eradicating corruption and any form are increasing because sin has caused enormous losses to the State, which could impact the emergence of crises in various fields. To overcome this, it is necessary to implement penal and non-penal policies to prevent criminal acts of corruption. Thus, the use of correctional and non-penal facilities must go hand in hand in overcoming corruption crimes

A megbízhatósági vizsgálatok a bírósági ítéletek tükrében

A rendészeti korrupció felderítésének nehézségei a kriminalisztikai eszközök folyamatos fejlesztését, sajátos eszközök alkalmazását teszik szükségessé. Hazánkban 2011-ben vezették be a megbízhatósági vizsgálatot a korrupt rendészeti dolgozók kiszűrésére. A jogintézmény alkalmazása sok vitát vált ki a szakemberek körében. Célom, hogy gyakorlati példák elemzésén keresztül mutassam be a megbízhatósági vizsgálatokkal kapcsolatos problémákat, és javaslatot tegyek megoldásukra.

Corrupt police

We employ laboratory experiments to examine the effects of corrupt law enforcement on crime. We embed corruption in a social dilemma where citizens choose whether to obey the law or to break the law and impose a negative externality on others. Police officers observe citizens' behavior and can impose fines on law-breakers or extort bribes from any citizen. We find that the presence of police, even if they are corrupt, substantially reduces crime as compared to a baseline setting without police. Corrupt police officers use bribes in a targeted manner as a substitute for fines to punish law-breakers. We also test the effectiveness of two reward mechanisms aimed at reducing police corruption, both of which are based on society-wide police performance measures and not on the monitoring of individual officers. Both mechanisms make bribery more precisely targeted toward law-breakers, and one of them leads to a moderate reduction in crime.