Corrupt Behavior Research Articles

The Making of Bad Gentry: The Abolition of Keju, Local Governance, and Anti-Elite Protests, 1902–1911

This paper investigates the impact of the abolition of the civil service exam on local governance in early twentieth-century China. Before the abolition, local elites collected surtaxes that financed local public goods, but they were supervised by the state and could lose candidacy for higher status if they engaged in corrupt behavior. This prospect of upward mobility (POUM) gave them incentives to behave well, which the abolition of the exam removed. Using anti-elite protests as a proxy for the deterioration of local governance, we find that prefectures with a higher POUM experienced more incidents of anti-elite protests after the abolition.

Internalization Values of Character Education As a Solution for Degradation of Civility of the Nation

This research is motivated by various phenomena of moral decadence that result in immoral behavior, such as corrupt behavior, sexual harassment, sadistic murder and so on. The study of character education is felt to be very urgent to answer these various phenomena. This research aims to describe the importance of internalizing the values ​​of character education as a solution to the nation's civilization. This study uses a qualitative approach, while data processing is carried out through a literature review. In order to answer immoral behavior, the application of character education must be based on religious values, law, culture, decency, and decency, which are internalized through education, experience, and experimentation. The results of the research indicate that it is necessary to internalize the values ​​of character education, both at the level of formal and informal education, so that universally the role of each element in society is the foundation in shaping the nation's character. Thus, there are three things that can be done in character building as a solution to the degradation of national civilization, namely; 1) Building an example for the nation's elite, 2) Empowering educators, and 3) Supporting the social, cultural, and religious environment.

Коррупция и третий возраст в региональном измерении

The article analyzes the corrupt practices of older people. The relevance of the issue is due to several points. First, in the context of population aging, people of the third age will be more actively involved in social and economic processes. Accordingly, they will more often become the object or subject of corrupt relations. Secondly, due to objective reasons (age, specific needs, health and financial situation) older people are in a special position of corruption. The article used the results of a mass study of the Scientific Center for Socio-economic Monitoring in the Republic of Mordovia (2021, N = 400, Δ ± 5%). The purpose of the study was to identify regional features of corrupt behavior and perceptions of corruption. Analysis of the results highlights the motives of corrupt practices of people of the third age, attitudes towards corruption, assessment of the result of a bribe. The authors consider corrupt activity, zones of corrupt interaction, the nature of the bribes used and emphasize that the corrupt practices of the older generation are devoid of formal and rational meaning. This may be due to the fact that the older generation clearly separates an informal payment into a bribe and «gratitude». A bribe is associated with extortion, and «gratitude» is perceived as part of a mutually beneficial cooperation.

Effect of Corruption in ASEAN (Case Study 4 ASEAN Countries)

Corruption is a global problem that is always a debate in all countries. Corruption has existed for a long time and it is a problem that exists in developing and developed countries. Many sectors are harmed by the attitude and behavior of corruption, and this greatly affects the economic growth of a country and can reduce the economic growth of a country. The purpose of this study is to see and analyze the impact of corruption in ASEAN countries in 2016-2021 by using panel data to conduct the FEM test. The objects of research are Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia and the Philippines. This study shows that economic growth in several ASEAN countries is influenced by the corruption perception index and has a positive effect on economic growth. In addition, government spending and consumption have a positive effect on economic growth, while free trade has a negative effect on economic growth.

Effect of Corruption in ASEAN (Case Study 4 ASEAN Countries)

Corruption is a global problem that is always a debate in all countries. Corruption has existed for a long time and it is a problem that exists in developing and developed countries. Many sectors are harmed by the attitude and behavior of corruption, and this greatly affects the economic growth of a country and can reduce the economic growth of a country. The purpose of this study is to see and analyze the impact of corruption in ASEAN countries in 2016-2021 by using panel data to conduct the FEM test. The objects of research are Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia and the Philippines. This study shows that economic growth in several ASEAN countries is influenced by the corruption perception index and has a positive effect on economic growth. In addition, government spending and consumption have a positive effect on economic growth, while free trade has a negative effect on economic growth.

Effect of Corruption in ASEAN (Case Study 4 ASEAN Countries)

Corruption is a global problem that is always a debate in all countries. Corruption has existed for a long time and it is a problem that exists in developing and developed countries. Many sectors are harmed by the attitude and behavior of corruption, and this greatly affects the economic growth of a country and can reduce the economic growth of a country. The purpose of this study is to see and analyze the impact of corruption in ASEAN countries in 2016-2021 by using panel data to conduct the FEM test. The objects of research are Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia and the Philippines. This study shows that economic growth in several ASEAN countries is influenced by the corruption perception index and has a positive effect on economic growth. In addition, government spending and consumption have a positive effect on economic growth, while free trade has a negative effect on economic growth.

Mendidik Perilaku Koruptif Berdasarkan Ibrani 13:5

The focus of this research is on corruption as a global and serious problem that causes unrest in various parts of the world. The impact is so serious and dangerous for the existence of a nation that it attracts a lot of attention and efforts to deal with it. Amid these efforts, this study aims to provide an ethical-theological offer and answer to educate corrupt behavior by referring to the text of Hebrews 13:5. The method used in this research is a literature research and hermeneutic study. The result of this research is that to prevent corrupt behaviour, character education is needed as a step to form good behaviour. In addition, efforts are needed to cultivate satisfaction to avoid greed that has the potential to encourage acts of corruption. This research offers a God-centered education as an ethical-theological basis that guarantees the fullness of human life and allows a person not to behave corruptly.

CORRUPTION: NOT A TABOO FOR INDONESIANS?

The problem of corruption has never been separated from human life from ancient times until now. Corruption is a social disease that will cause an opium effect for the perpetrators. In addition to harming the country, corruption is also self-defeating because if someone is already entangled in corrupt behavior, he will continue to do so until one day his actions are known to the authorities. The author wants to open people's minds about corruption and corrupt behavior so that it is hoped that it will make readers aware that corruption is not a behavior that should be proud of. Data shows that corruption cases in Indonesia are dominantly increasing every year and this is not good news. The data also shows that from 2004-2018 only a handful of corruption cases in Indonesia were able to reach the courts, this means that the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) seems overwhelmed in handling these cases. Apart from repressive measures, preventive measures such as early anti-corruption education must also be taken to break this vicious circle. This work is using normative juridical method through a rule of law, case, and conceptual approach.
 
 Keywords: Corruption, Law, Human Character, Corruptive Behavior, Indonesia.

Corruption, ICT and Military Spending in Sub-Saharan Africa

ABSTRACT It has been argued that large military spending is often a crucial constraint in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, and high corruption has enabled these countries to keep such large military spending. One possible remedy is to promote information and communication technology (ICT), which may cause the anti-corruption policies to become more effective in increasing transparency for the public and reducing unnecessary and abusive military spending. This study discusses the nexus among corruption, military spending, and ICT with a panel data of 48 SSA countries from 2003 to 2015. Our analysis reveals that when ICT prevails, military spending is negatively associated with the control of corruption, so that anti-corruption policies with the usage of ICT could reduce the extravagant budget allocation to military spending. Policymakers should associate sound ICT policy with traditional anti-corruption factors to bring more transparency and less corrupt behaviors in the military department. The reduction in the misuse of military allocation enables the country to increase nonmilitary public spending to face sustainable development challenges for the sake of the population.

Potential use of neuroimaging as a tool to monitor brain imaging changes in politicians related to unethical decision making

Introduction. Political neuroimaging is an emerging field investigating neurological roots of political behavior, while many brain imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI provide quantifiable information. However, the literature is scarce on its practical applications in political sciences since it's unclear how it impacts political sciences. Put it simply, how the developments in neuroimaging can be used as a tool in politics, especially to monitor and assess their decision-making related to criminal acts such as corruption, is unclear. In addition, there are potential ethical limitations preventing investigators from using brain imaging to evaluate and monitor the behavior of politicians. The aim of the study was to discuss the potential role of neuroimaging as a political tool. Neuroimaging tools can help us demonstrate specific abnormal behavior associated with politically unethical behavior, such as corruption or deceptive behavior. However, documenting brain imaging findings specific to such deviant behavior may be challenging. Here, we suggest that the practical use of political neuroimaging can improve transparency in the political field. It can be recommended to analyze and have insights into the decisionmaking process of politicians. Furthermore, neurofeedback tools such as electroencephalography can be used to improve politicians' decision-making. Methodology. This study is not a systematic review as the literature is not wide on neuroimaging as a political tool. We have used Google Scholar to search relevant articles to provide background to support it. Review and Discussion. In this study, we have speculated on the potential of measuring politically inappropriate behavior such as corruption and deceptive conduct. To investigate it, we have discussed measuring psychological stability before and after being a politician. More studies are needed to help politicians have stable psychology and improve their decision-making. Therefore, it may help to improve productivity. However, some many confounding factors and limitations prevent achieving such a goal. Conclusion. In conclusion, political neuroimaging can be used to create beneficial tools to improve and ensure the psychological stability of politicians. However, it is controversial how it can be implemented to assess the political behavior of politicians. Thereby, more studies are needed to elucidate the decision-making process related to politicians' decisionmaking. Such advanced tools can help select better politicians and improve their decisionmaking by providing feedback

Corruption and partisan polarization: evidence from the European Union

Recent work documents that even though partisan polarization may have detrimental economic and social outcomes, polarized societies lead to better governance and less corruption. However, the effect of corruption on partisan polarization has been mostly ignored by the literature. By using various measures of partisan polarization and corruption, this paper demonstrates that corrupt behaviours are associated with more partisan polarization in the European Union, indicating that a stronger presence of corruption leads to higher partisan polarization. The findings are robust to the use of different polarization measures, methodologies, and a battery of control variables. This paper’s main finding, increased corruption leading to increased partisan polarization, provides another important mechanism beyond the standard socio-economic factors that led to the current rise in support of parties opposing to European Union and rise of populist parties in European Union. Polarized societies tend to generate inefficient economic outcomes and the alleviation of corruption could improve economic outcomes by decreasing partisan polarization.

Can inflation targeting reduce price information asymmetry and alleviate corruptive behavior? Evidence from developing countries

This paper examines the role of inflation targeting as a price signaling mechanism reducing price information asymmetry and potentially reducing incentives for corruptive actions through its direct control on the inflation rate, thus simultaneously increasing institutional quality. The obtained evidence suggests that adopting inflation targeting lowers corruption in a sample of 61 developing countries for the period between 1990 and 2018. Countries that have adopted inflation targeting experience lower corruption levels, as measured by the corruption perceptions (CP) index, controlling for other relevant determinants of corruption identified in the empirical literature, such as inflation, level of income, income distribution, trade openness and the rule of law. This result is sensitive to the type of inflation targeting adopted. Soft (unofficial) inflation targeting has no significant effect on the corruption level, giving support to the claim that strong institutional commitment, accompanied by transparency and constant communication with regards to inflation targets by the central bank, provides an adequate price signaling mechanism. In addition, the analysis provides evidence that an efficient rule of law reduces corruption levels significantly, although its effects are rather modest to support the claims that it can solely lessen corruptive behavior in the sample of developing countries.

Kedudukan Ombudsman Dan Kepatuhan Penyelenggara Negara Dalam Melaksanakan Rekomendasi Ombudsman (Study OMBUDSMAN Perwakilan Maluku Utara)

The Ombudsman is one of the state agencies authorized to oversee public services in Indonesia based on the provisions of law number 37 of 2008. Therefore, this study aims to examine the position of the Ombudsman in the perspective of Constitutional Law as an external government supervisory agency and to determine the compliance of state administrators in carry out the recommendations of the Ombudsman Representative of North Maluku Province. To obtain accurate research results, a good and correct flow and method is needed, so this research was carried out using a normative empirical research type which was analyzed in a juridical perspective based on statutory provisions and observed directly in the field in order to determine the existence and existence of the Ombudsman as an institution. External Supervisors as well as the effectiveness of the implementation of the law and the compliance of the State Organizers on the Recommendations issued by the North Maluku Ombudsman. After conducting the study and analysis results, it was found that the existence of the Ombudsman is very necessary to avoid and prevent the Corrupt Behavior of state administrators and in order to maintain the constitutional rights of citizens to get good and excellent service, it's just that there needs to be an expansion of authority by forwarding the findings to the public. repressive law enforcement agencies. Another thing is the low propriety of state officials against the recommendations of the Ombudsman due to the absence of strict sanctions. On the other hand, the authority of the Central Ombudsman does not apply mutandically in regions that can only issue suggestions and opinions that differ from the Central Ombudsman who is authorized to issue recommendations.

Trade facilitation costs and corruption: Evidence from China

This paper focuses on a less-studied corruptive behavior hidden in trade facilitation costs. We use Chinese firm-level data to identify systematic variations in entertainment and travel costs (ETCs) across different trading markets and trading partners. We find that ETCs significantly increase when the firms sell to more distant domestic markets but sharply drop when firms export to international markets. Moreover, ETCs are significantly higher when the firms sell to government-run and state-owned enterprises than other trade partners. We argue that this discontinuity in ETCs is the consequence of regional market segmentation and local protection in China. In regional tournaments, local officials tend to impose trade barriers in order to prevent competition from other regions, and ETCs include significant “grease money” to overcome domestic trade barriers. Our study suggests that internationalization provides an opportunity for emerging economy firms to escape weak institutional environments.

Political sarcasm on tiktok account @podcastkeselaje

Recently, there has been apprehension in the society about expressing ideas, particularly on political concerns. As a result, public figures such as comedians tend to use sarcasm as their primary weapon in exposing political leaders' weakness, incompetence, or corrupt behavior, as well as government officials' actions. The goal of this research is to look at the form, meaning, and function of sarcasm on the TikTok account @Podcastkeseaje. All of the utterances said by the narrator or speakers in the video recording from the TikTok account @podcastkeselaje are used as data sources in this study. Indirect observation was used to obtain data, which was then followed by recording and note-taking techniques. The data were examined using Camp's (2012) theory for the form of sarcasm, Chaer's (2009) theory for the meaning of sarcasm, and Chaer's (2009) theory for the meaning of sarcasm.

스포츠 부정부패 요인탐색을 통한 부패방지시스템 구축에 관한 연구

Sports corruption has become an issue of provoking corruption behaviors in the whole society in both athletes and corrupt parties such as servants concerned, association members concerned, coaches, and parents. Sports corruption can appear in the inside and outside of organization. In other words, the corruption of the inside of organization may include doping, referee corruption, admissions bribery, athlete violence, etc. The corruption of the outside of organization appears as grand corruption, group corruption, individual’s privatization of national property, bribe, embezzlement, etc.BR The purpose of this study is to grasp the problems and causes of sports corruption, to derive drastic solution, and to suggest the methods to establish anti-corruption system to exterminate corruption in Korean sports.BR It was judged for data analysis that the Q methodology was good to explore sports corruption factors and establish anti-corruption system. Statements were structured and extracted. Positive, negative, and neutral statements were classified and 37 Q samples were determined. The 37 items selected were used for questionnaire survey with 70 sports participants who worked in the field. 67 questionnaires were used for the final analysis.BR As a result, sports corruption factors included six types such as ‘ensuring sports fairness’, ‘sports corruption behavior’, ‘enhancement of sports corruption investigation’, ‘sports corruption and request’, ‘enhancement of education to prevent sports corruption’, and ‘sports corruption perception and educational diversity’ and 11 common items.BR In conclusion, this study will contribute to the establishment of correct sports culture by suggesting enhancement methods to prevent corruption.

Students' Perceptions of University Corruption in a Spanish Public University: A Path Analysis.

Most research on corruption in educational settings has focused on a cross-national and macro-level analysis; however, to our knowledge, few papers have sought to explore individual perceptions that explain corruption in higher education. The present research aimed to disentangle students’ predictors of corrupt intention in a Spanish public university. A total of 933 undergraduate, postgraduate, and Ph.D. students filled out an online survey measuring four corruption scenarios: favoritism, bribery, fraud, and embezzlement. Path analysis (PA) revealed that justifiability, risk perception, and perceived prevalence of corruption were significant factors in predicting corrupt intention. Moreover, willingness to report a corrupt act was predicted by corrupt intention, justifiability, and risk perception. Corrupt behavior is a complex phenomenon explained not only by peers’ behavior, but also by their individual justifications and perception of risk. Education is not free of corruption, and universities must address this urgent problem in order to avoid future economic, societal, and ethical problems.

I Do Solemnly Swear: Institutional Enforcement of the Oath of Office to Fight Public Corruption

Public officials are oath takers and expected to uphold the law, but criminal convictions provide evidence that corruption exists. When public officials violate their oath, these violations evade ethical norms of behavior important to protecting the integrity inherent in the public office. This article synthesizes the literature on public corruption and related fields and presents a conceptual model to help us understand public leader violations of the oath and factors that enable corrupt behavior more broadly. Through an exploratory analysis of news articles and local government websites of examples of federal corruption convictions from the top ten most corrupt juridictions in the United States, this preliminary model finds six factors influence corruption within a jurisdiction at two collective levels: (1) organizational, and (2) institutional. A case study of an independent nonprofit’s experience in anti-corruption further informs a claim that corrupt leaders (i.e., oath-takers) often involve and exert corrupt influence on subordinates. Findings on convicted corruptions expands the conceptual model to inform on institutional factors that may mitigate corruption. Failure to act on corruption creates a distributional consequence for society. Public corruption minimizes equal access to public goods and services, diverts public finances for personal gain, and undermines public confidence.

Politisasi Senat Akademik Dan Relasinya Dengan Konflik Kepentingan dan Perilaku Korupsi di Perguruan Tinggi

Studies focusing on the role of higher education institutions (HEI) academic senate regarding corruption prevention are relatively scarce. By driving upon collective action and power balance theories, this study examines the effect of power imbalance caused by the double position of structural and academic senate leaders and the ex-officio practice in academic senate structure on conflict of interests and corruptive behavior. One hundred twenty-seven Indonesian lecturers from state and private HEIs participated in this study. The online data were analyzed by descriptive, t-test, ANOVA, and Hayes PROCESS of mediation and moderation model. The result reveals that the conflict of interests elicited by the power imbalance generated the corruptive behavior in HEIs, especially in terms of policy corruption. In practical terms, nepotism and transactional patterns were the most common acts of corruption committed by HEI officials.

Culture of Corruption Politicians' Behavior in Parliament and State Official During Reform Government Indonesia (Genealogical Study)

This study aims to assess and analyze the Culture of Corruption Politicians' Behavior in Parliament and State Official During Reform Government Indonesia (Genealogical Study) This study is genealogical research based on the literature, journals and reporting publications of Indonesian corruption culture. The result of the study concluded that culture corruption behavior of politicians in the parliament and bureaucracy in the reform era in Indonesia is still ongoing corruption can be said as a culture of corruption that has been so severe, that Indonesia is almost categorized as a kleptocracy country, and as a country ruled by thieves (klepto) and even has been spread of viral infections or COVID-19.. This crime could even be called state organized crime in a corrupt government. This crime is based on the achievement of individual interests, groups or political parties and retains the power. The lack of success of Indonesian government in resolving the case of state officials or politicians involved in corruption, collusion and nepotism rapidly lightly court decisions, many cases delayed in its prosecution process, even termination of the case of important officials state to be an indication the weakness of law enforcement against white-collar criminals in Indonesia. This happens due to the severity of conflict of interest so the solution is often based on the interests or political bargaining and abuse of power.