Corrosion Reaction Research Articles

Tailoring the Whole Deposition Process from Hydrated Zn2+ to Zn0 for Stable and Reversible Zn Anode

The practical application of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) indeed faces challenges primarily attributed to the inherent side reactions and dendrite growth associated with the Zn anode. In the present work, N‐Methylmethanesulfonamide (NMS) is introduced to optimize the transfer, desolvation, and reduction of Zn2+, achieving highly stable and reversible Zn plating/stripping. The NMS molecule can substitute one H2O molecule in the solvation structure of hydrated Zn2+ and be preferentially chemisorbed on the Zn surface to protect Zn anode against corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thereby suppressing byproducts formation. Additionally, a robust N‐rich organic and inorganic (ZnS and ZnCO3) hybrid solid electrolyte interphase is in situ generated on Zn anode due to the decomposition of NMS, resulting in enhanced Zn2+ transport kinetics and uniform Zn2+ deposition. Consequently, aqueous cells with the NMS achieve a long lifespan of 2300 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, high cumulative plated capacity of 3.25 Ah cm−2, and excellent reversibility with an average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.7% over 800 cycles.

Tailoring the Whole Deposition Process from Hydrated Zn2+ to Zn0 for Stable and Reversible Zn Anode.

The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) indeed faces challenges primarily attributed to the inherent side reactions and dendrite growth associated with the Zn anode. In the present work, N-Methylmethanesulfonamide (NMS) is introduced to optimize the transfer, desolvation, and reduction of Zn2+, achieving highly stable and reversible Zn plating/stripping. The NMS molecule can substitute one H2O molecule in the solvation structure of hydrated Zn2+ and be preferentially chemisorbed on the Zn surface to protect Zn anode against corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thereby suppressing byproducts formation. Additionally, a robust N-rich organic and inorganic (ZnS and ZnCO3) hybrid solid electrolyte interphase is in situ generated on Zn anode due to the decomposition of NMS, resulting in enhanced Zn2+ transport kinetics and uniform Zn2+ deposition. Consequently, aqueous cells with the NMS achieve a long lifespan of 2300 h at 1 mA cm-2 and 1 mAh cm-2, high cumulative plated capacity of 3.25 Ah cm-2, and excellent reversibility with an average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.7 % over 800 cycles.

Development of a two‐dimensional bipolar electrochemistry technique for high throughput corrosion screening

AbstractBipolar electrochemistry allows testing and analysing the crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion, passivation, general corrosion, and cathodic deposition reactions on one sample after a single experiment. A novel two‐dimensional bipolar electrochemistry setup is designed using two orthogonal feeder electrode arrangements, allowing corrosion screening tests across a far wider potential range with a smooth potential gradient to be assessed. This two‐dimensional bipolar electrochemistry setup was applied here to simultaneously measure for the simultaneous measurement of the nucleation and propagation of pitting and crevice corrosion under a broad range of applied potential on type 420 stainless steel, which has a very short localised corrosion induction time. It reduces the error from corrosion induction to corrosion competition, and all pits and crevice corrosion have no lacy cover. Results show crevice corrosion can gain current density and easier to support its nucleation and propagation at different potential regions more easily than pitting corrosion.

Cracking mechanism of CMAS-corroded thermal barrier coatings based on a coupled thermo-chemo-mechanically phase-field fracture model

A thermo-chemo-mechanically coupled theoretical framework is proposed to describe the calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (CMAS) corrosion process during the cooling process. A phase-field fracture model is developed to investigate the effect of cooling temperature and CMAS concentration on the degree of corrosion reaction, the stress evolution and the crack initiation and propagation. σ11 concentrates in the region beneath the overlay of CMAS and σ22 appears at the interface between top ceramic coating (TC) and bond coating (BC). The higher stress concentration of σ11 and σ22 contribute to the formation of both vertical and transverse cracks. Transverse cracks first emerge at the interface between TC and BC in the edge region, followed by the formation of vertical cracks in the CMAS-coated region. Vertical cracks propagate to the interface and deflect into transverse cracks. The transverse cracks at the interface further propagate and merge, ultimately leading to the coating delamination. The higher initial cooling temperature and CMAS concentration contribute to the accelerated development of vertical cracking and the increase of the quantity and length of transverse and vertical cracks. The model provides a significant advantage in predicting the failure of TBCs during the cooling stage of CMAS corrosion.

Study on the Resistance of Concrete to High-Concentration Sulfate Attack: A Case Study in Jinyan Bridge.

Concrete structures face significant challenges in sulfate-rich environments, where sulfate attack can affect their durability and structural integrity. This study explores innovative approaches to enhancing concrete performance by integrating hydrophobic and densification technologies. It emphasizes the critical role of anti-sulfate erosion inhibitors in mitigating sulfate-induced damage, reducing water absorption, and inhibiting corrosive reactions. This research addresses prevalent issues in Chinese engineering projects where high sulfate concentrations are common, necessitating robust solutions for sulfate resistance. Through rigorous testing, including wet-dry cycling tests with 5% and 10% Na2SO4 solutions following the GB/T 50082-2009 standard, concrete formulations achieved exceptional long-term sulfate resistance, meeting or exceeding KS200-grade requirements. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing concrete durability in sulfate-rich environments, offering practical strategies to enhance infrastructure resilience and reduce maintenance costs.

Hydrous Molybdenum Oxide Coating of Zinc Metal Anode via the Facile Electrodeposition Strategy and Its Performance Improvement Mechanisms for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are widely recognized as highly promising energy storage devices because of their inherent characteristics, including superior safety, affordability, eco-friendliness, and various other benefits. However, the significant corrosion of the zinc metal anode, side reactions occurring between the anode and electrolyte, and the formation of zinc dendrites significantly hinder the practical utilization of ZIBs. Herein, we utilized an electrodeposition method to apply a unique hydrous molybdenum oxide (HMoOx) layer onto the surface of the zinc metal anode, aiming to mitigate its corrosion and side reactions during the process of zinc deposition and stripping. In addition, the HMoOx layer not only improved the hydrophilicity of the zinc anode, but also adjusted the migration of Zn2+, thus facilitating the uniform deposition of Zn2+ to reduce dendrite formation. A symmetrical cell with the HMoOx-Zn anode displayed reduced-voltage hysteresis (80 mV at 2.5 mA/cm2) and outstanding cycle stability after 3000 cycles, surpassing the performance of the uncoated Zn anode. Moreover, the HMoOx-Zn anode coupled with a γ-MnO2 cathode created a considerably more stable rechargeable full battery compared to the bare Zn anode. The HMoOx-Zn||γ-MnO2 full cell also displayed excellent cycling stability with a charge/discharge-specific capacity of 129/133 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles. In summary, this research offers a straightforward and advantageous approach that can significantly contribute to the future advancements in rechargeable ZIBs.

Ion confinement effect enabled by carboxymethyl cellulose/tannic acid hybrid hydrogel electrolyte toward stable zinc anode

Zinc metal batteries have garnered considerable attention ascribing to its cost effectiveness, intrinsic safety, and eco-friendliness. Nevertheless, zinc metal batteries yet are confronted with service life issue arising from dendrite and side reactions. Here, a highly ionic confined and hydrogen bond-enhanced tannic acid-modified carboxymethyl cellulose-based hybrid hydrogel electrolyte is designed for regulating structure of Zn2+ solvent and inhibiting dendrites growth, and simultaneously remaining operational under severe condition like low temperature. The phenolic hydroxyl group in tannic acid and the carboxyl group in carboxymethyl cellulose can respectively engage in chelation and coordination with Zn2+ to regulate Zn2+ transportation channel for guiding uniform zinc plating/stripping. Simultaneously, the enhanced ion confinement effect changes the solvation structure of Zn2+ to reduce H2O activity, effectively alleviating corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction induced by H2O. Based on the principles of thermodynamics and reaction kinetics combined with theoretical calculations and experimental findings, the mechanism underlying its pivotal role in attenuating hydrogen evolution and fostering zinc deposition is elucidated systematically. The carboxymethyl cellulose/tannic acid hydrogel electrolyte endows exceptional cycling longevity (2, 100 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/0.25 mAh cm−2) for Zn||Zn battery, as well as high Coulombic efficiency for Zn||Cu battery (averagely 98.31 % within 500 cycles at 1 mA cm−2/mAh cm−2. Moreover, the assembled Zn||Zn battery, Zn||NH4V4O10 battery and Zn||NH4V4O10 pouch battery utilizing carboxymethyl cellulose/tannic acid hydrogel electrolyte can even function normally under severe conditions like low temperature and bending. This study provides valuable reference to develop hydrogel electrolytes with the ability to withstand low temperature and stabilize zinc anode.

Influence of Hydrogen on the Failure Mechanism of Standard Duplex Stainless Steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 Exposed to Corrosion Fatigue

IIn a geothermal environment, cathodic protection is employed to improve resistance against corrosion fatigue. However, during the cathodic reactions under applied potential, hydrogen is generated and assimilated, leading to a reduced lifetime expectancy of high-alloyed steels. The corrosion fatigue mechanism of a standard duplex stainless steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (1.4462) specimen loaded with hydrogen was studied in a corrosion chamber specifically designed for the purpose, surrounded by the electrolyte of the Northern German Basin at 369 K. The microstructural reactions resulting in hydrogen incorporation significantly decrease the number of cycles to failure of the specimen. This reduction is attributed to hydrogen enhancing crack propagation and causing early failure, primarily due to the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the ferritic phase rather than corrosion reactions or corrosive degradation.

Experimental, theoretical and computational studies of oxalyl dihydrazide as a novel corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in neutral saline solution

In this work, the corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism of oxalyl dihydrazide (ODH) for mild steel in neutral saline solution are in-depth studied using weight-loss and electrochemical tests, surface characterizations, theoretical calculation and computational simulations. Results indicate that ODH can act as a novel and superior mixed-type corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in neutral saline solution, its corrosion inhibition efficiency increases with the rising ODH concentration, and the optimum value reaches 88.7 % with adding 200 mg/L. Its corrosion inhibition ability becomes better with immersion time. A compact corrosion product film mainly consisting of Fe, O, N and Cl elements formed on metal surface after adding ODH. ODH molecules adsorb on metal surface in an orderly fashion to form a hydrophobic film, which is belonging to the physicochemical adsorption and obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The corrosion inhibition process of ODH molecule on mild steel is the endothermic process, which enlarges the activation energy barrier of corrosion reactions. ODH molecule can expel the adsorbed water molecules on metal surface and form copolymers with increasing of ODH concentration, retarding the diffusion of water molecule thus protecting metal from corrosion. ODH is proved to be an effective organic corrosion inhibitor for protecting mild steel in neutral saline solution, and contributes toward research and application of easily accessible sources for organic corrosion inhibitors.

Stabilizing Zn anodes via a binder-free MoS2 interface with charge regulation toward stable Zinc-Ion batteries

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have been a promising candidate for next-generation batteries. However, the uncontrolled dendrite formation and side reactions of the Zn anode significantly restrict their application. Herein, a binder-free MoS2 protective layer were uniformly deposited on Zn foil by electrochemical deposition. The MoS2 protected Zn anode has a lower nucleation barrier and a uniform electric field distribution, which can effectively alleviate the corrosion and side reactions of Zn metal, thus leading to the fast Zn2+ diffusion kinetics. The results show that the MoS2-Zn anode has low voltage hysteresis, long cycle stability at 0.5 mA cm−2/0.1 mAh cm−2 in symmetrical batteries. The MoS2-Zn//α-MnO2 full cell exhibits an exceptional reversible capacity of 225.8 mAh/g at 1C, while maintaining stable cycling performance over 300 cycles. This work provides a promising strategy to construct a 2D coating to improve the stability of Zn anode in AZIBs.

Maltose Additive Enables Compacted Deposition of Zn Ions for Stabilizing the Zn Anode.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as one of the most promising energy storage technologies due to their high safety and cost-effectiveness. However, several challenges associated with the Zn metal anode, such as dendrite growth, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), have hindered further applications of AZIBs. Herein, maltose (MT) is used as a functional electrolyte additive to protect the Zn metal electrode during the interface deposition process. The additive can effectively affect the interface of Zn metal, suppressing HER and corrosion reactions. Moreover, it facilitates the uniform deposition of Zn by inducing Zn2+ to form a stable (100) crystal plane. As a result, the symmetric cell exhibited stable cycling performance for 2000 h at a current density of 2 mA cm-2, and the Zn||NH4V4O10 full cell maintained steady cycling for 1000 cycles at 2 A g-1. This study provides an approach to achieve uniform Zn deposition through additives.

Research on surface corrosion resistance of sintered NdFeB by rotating transverse magnetic field assisted EDM-milling

Sintered NdFeB, owing to its outstanding magnetic properties, finds widespread applications in diverse fields. However, its susceptibility to corrosion limits its utility. To enhance its corrosion resistance, a rotating transverse magnetic field is incorporated into the electrical discharge machining milling (EDM-M) process. Comparative experiments are conducted on sintered NdFeB by EDM-M, fixed transverse magnetic field assisted EDM-M(FTMEDM-M), and rotating transverse magnetic field assisted EDM-M(RTMEDM-M). Results indicate that the RTMEDM-M process yields the least surface cracks, the least "caves", and the recast layer which is the most uniform and the most continuous. Its impedance value is the highest, self-corrosion potential is the largest, and self-corrosion current density is the lowest according to its electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, its mass loss per unit area is the least, with the latest and the weakest reaction of chemical corrosion of the workpiece surface.

New approach for processing chitosan as low cost protective hybrid coating for C-steel in acid media

The novelty of this study is that it the first time blending and formulation of chitosan as a new hybrid (organometallic) protective coatings for achieving synergistic protection for carbon steel alloy during acid pickling. The role of coated silica (by 0.1 wt % stearic acid lubricant) in the improvement of coating performance was highlighted. Variable weight percentage of chitosan and silica in addition to a fixed weight percentage (35 %) of guar gum natural plant resin, 5 × 10−6 mmol (2-Hydrazinyl-6-methyl (or phenyl) −4, 5-di-H pyrimidinone) as organic corrosion inhibitors were compounding as hot melt in the presence of a low cost surfactant as an emulsifying agent improved compatibility between coating constituents. Guar gum increased coating flow during application and grafted chitosan into high molecular copolymer resin insoluble in acid media. Phosphorous acid improved coating flexibility during application by hot dipping. Hybrid coating decreased corrosion potential of carbon steel and retarded both redox reactions of corrosion acting as adsorbed mixed-type inhibitor. Percentages protection (%P) approached hundred percentage as confirmed from the agreement between impedance and polarization parameters. Guar gum plant resin and slice powder increased gloss of coating. The coated silica filled the pores and increased stiffness of coating. Super hydrophobicity of coating was confirmed by the measured contact angle above 150oC indicating good spreading of coating sample as insulating adherent surface film.

Bipolar Plate Design Assessment: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and Water Electrolyzer

ABSTRACTProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as power generators and proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) as hydrogen fuel producers play critical roles in implementing hydrogen energy. The bipolar plates (BPPs) in both PEMFC and PEMWE facilitate the distribution of reactants and products, providing electrical connectivity in a series of singular cells. Although both systems are categorized under the same PEM spectrum, the differing reaction mechanisms require specialized plate properties to achieve optimum performance. This short review analyzes the characteristics of BPPs in both PEMFC and PEMWE, with a focus on the plate material, coating, and flow field. This short review concluded that the polymer composite graphite–based BPPs are the most feasible for PEMFC with no coating needed. PEMWE needs SS316 as a BPP material with a conductive coating to withstand the highly corrosive oxygen evolution reaction at the anode. The serpentine flow field showed dominance in PEMFC stack performance due to even fluid distribution and efficient liquid water drainage. However, its high‐pressure drop contributes to greater parasitic power. PEMWEs commonly adopt the parallel flow field for its lower contact resistance and bubble formation for efficient mass transport toward the cathode.

Electrochemical, Structural and Thermodynamic Investigations of Methanolic Parsley Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for C37 Steel in HCl

Phytochemical-rich natural extracts have recently attracted intense attention as green corrosion inhibitors and costly benign coating components for the protection of metallic structures of immense commercial importance. Herein, various methods were applied to assess the corrosion protection efficiency of a methanolic extract of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) (PCE) on carbon steel C37 in 1 M HCl. Initially, the chemical profile of PCE was analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and myristicin and apiol were identified as the main components. The results from the weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques revealed a substantial reduction in the corrosion rate upon the use of PCE, with a maximum inhibition efficiency of 92% at 1 g L−1 PCE. To optimize the performance, the corrosion behavior was investigated over a temperature range of 303–333 K and for concentrations of 0.1–1 g L−1. The inhibition effectiveness increased at higher concentrations of PCE, whilst it decreased when the temperature was elevated. The query suggests that the adsorption process involves both physical and chemical mechanisms. The adsorption of PCE onto C37 was well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The data were used to determine the activation energy and thermodynamic parameters. The PCE coating acted as a mixed-type inhibitor, hampering both cathodic and anodic corrosion reactions. SEM further confirmed the formation of a protective coating film on the steel surface when exposed to PCE. UV-Vis and XRD were implemented to understand the inhibition mechanism and formed products at the microscopic and spectroscopic levels. Hence, the green PCE inhibitor may potentially be applied in corrosion mitigation due to its high corrosion protection efficacy and its environmentally benign nature.

In-situ direct seawater electrolysis using floating platform in ocean with uncontrollable wave motion

Direct hydrogen production from inexhaustible seawater using abundant offshore wind power offers a promising pathway for achieving a sustainable energy industry and fuel economy. Various direct seawater electrolysis methods have been demonstrated to be effective at the laboratory scale. However, larger-scale in situ demonstrations that are completely free of corrosion and side reactions in fluctuating oceans are lacking. Here, fluctuating conditions of the ocean were considered for the first time, and seawater electrolysis in wave motion environment was achieved. We present the successful scaling of a floating seawater electrolysis system that employed wind power in Xinghua Bay and the integration of a 1.2 Nm3 h−1-scale pilot system. Stable electrolysis operation was achieved for over 240 h with an electrolytic energy consumption of 5 kWh Nm−3 H2 and a high purity (>99.9%) of hydrogen under fluctuating ocean conditions (0~0.9 m wave height, 0~15 m s−1 wind speed), which is comparable to that during onshore water electrolysis. The concentration of impurity ions in the electrolyte was low and stable over a long period of time under complex and changing scenarios. We identified the technological challenges and performances of the key system components and examined the future outlook for this emerging technology.

Calcium‐ferrum‐alumina‐silicate (CFAS) corrosion behavior of Lu4Hf3O12 ceramics at 1400°C

AbstractIn this work, the corrosion behavior of rare‐earth Lu4Hf3O12 ceramic when exposed to a CaO‐FeO1.5‐AlO1.5‐SiO2 (CFAS) environment at a temperature of 1400°C was investigated, with a focus on exploring the associated phase transformation, microstructure evolution, and corrosion reaction mechanism. Results reveal that during the corrosion process, the CFAS melt infiltrates Lu4Hf3O12 particles through cracks, resulting in the formation of a continuous reaction layer. This reaction leads to the generation of several high‐melting‐point garnets, including HfO2, Lu3Al5O12, Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3 (Ca‐Fe garnet), and Ca3Al2Si3O12 (Grossular). These garnets effectively fill the voids within the Lu4Hf3O12 ceramics, preventing further infiltration of the CFAS melts. As time progresses, the rate of the reaction gradually increases, while the rate of infiltration consistently decreases. Consequently, a relatively stable corrosion layer is achieved, effectively impeding further corrosion.

Revealing the Mechanism of O<sub>2</sub> and Pressure Effects on the Corrosion of X80 Carbon Steel Under Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions

Pipeline transportation is widely used due to its ability to improve the efficiency of CO<sub>2</sub> transportation in Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS). Within the transport pipelines, CO<sub>2</sub> fluid exists in a supercritical state and often contains various impurity gases such as O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O, which can easily cause steel corrosion, affecting the safety of pipeline operations. In this investigation, we examine the corrosion behavior of X80 carbon steel within a water-saturated supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> environment utilizing weight loss experiments, electrochemical tests, and surface analysis techniques. Furthermore, we explore the impact of pressure and oxygen on the corrosion process of X80 steel. The results indicated that X80 steel underwent severe corrosion under the experimental conditions, with FeCO<sub>3</sub> as the primary corrosion product. Both the introduction of oxygen and an increase in pressure accelerated the steel's corrosion, and the addition of oxygen led to the formation of a new corrosion product, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Electrochemical test results showed that changes in pressure did not significantly alter the electrochemical corrosion characteristics of the steel, but the introduction of oxygen decreased the electrochemical reaction resistance of X80 steel. Combined with surface analysis, the following conclusions were drawn: In a 50°C supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> environment, the anode reaction of X80 steel corrosion is the active dissolution of iron, while the cathode reaction involves the dissolution and ionization of CO<sub>2</sub>. Changes in pressure do not alter the corrosion mechanism, but the introduction of oxygen leads to oxygen corrosion reactions in the system, accelerating the anode reaction rate and thus increasing the degree of corrosion.

Interfacial Zn ion capture and desolvation engineering for high-performance Zn metal anode

The uneven surface of planar zinc (Zn) metal anodes fundamentally reduces the electrochemical reversibility of aqueous Zn metal batteries due to dendritic growth. Herein, an interphase protection layer engineering is formed on the surface of the Zn metal anode through a solution-processed coating method. This interesting carbon layer, composed of carbon nanoparticles obtained from outer flame-derived candle soot (OFCS), exhibits excellent Zn ion capturing and storage capabilities, effectively reducing the accumulation of charge density on the Zn metal surface, providing a homogeneous Zn ion flux and inducing even Zn metal deposition. The OFCS@Zn can promote the desolvation of [Zn(H2O)6]2+ through strong interaction with Zn ions, mitigating corrosion and hydrogen evolution reactions. The multifunctional integration of the OFCS layer synergistically induces uniform Zn metal plating and inhibits side reactions. Consequently, in the OFCS @Zn | OFCS @Zn symmetric-cell tests, high-rate performance and deep charge/discharge capabilities are demonstrated. The OFCS@Zn anode-based pouch cell exhibits a high discharge capacity of 156.2 mAh g-1 and maintains a significant capacity retention rate of 95.4 % for 200 cycles at the current density of 1 A g-1, indicating its potential for enhanced battery stability and efficiency.

Quasi-"In Situ" Analysis of the Reactive Liquid-Solid Interface during Magnesium Corrosion Using Cryo-Atom Probe Tomography.

The early stages of corrosion occurring at liquid-solid interfaces control the evolution of the material's degradation process, yet due to their transient state, their analysis remains a formidable challenge. Here corrosion tests are performed on a MgCa alloy, a candidate material for biodegradable implants using pure water as a model system. The corrosion reaction is suspended by plunge freezing into liquid nitrogen. The evolution of the early-stage corrosion process on the nanoscale by correlating cryo-atom probe tomography (APT) with transmission-electron microscopy (TEM) and spectroscopy, is studied. The outward growth of Mg hydroxide Mg(OH)2 and the inward growth of an intermediate corrosion layer consisting of hydrloxides of different compositions, mostly monohydroxide Mg(OH) instead of the expected MgO layer, are observed. In addition, Ca partitions to these newly formed hydroxides and oxides. Density-functional theory calculations suggest a domain of stability for this previously experimental unreported Mg(OH) phase. This new approach and these new findings advance the understanding of the early stages of magnesium corrosion, and in general reactions and processes at liquid-solid interfaces, which can further facilitate the development of corrosion-resistant materials or better control of the biodegradation rate of future implants.