Corrosion Of Carbon Steel Pipes Research Articles

Reducing Corrosion of Carbon Steel Pipes using Cathodic Protection with Anode Separation: A Case Study of Nembe Creek Flow Station

Reducing Corrosion of Carbon Steel Pipes using Cathodic Protection with Anode Separation: A Case Study of Nembe Creek Flow Station

Developing two amino acid derivatives as high-efficient corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in the CO2-containing environment

During the oil and gas exploitation, the corrosion of carbon steel pipes causes great economic loss, heavy casualties, environmental pollution, and waste of resources. The development of highly efficient and stable corrosion inhibitors is of great significance for the corrosion protection of carbon steel in oil and gas exploitation. L-cysteine is widespread in various plants (e.g. onion, cauliflower, and cabbage sprout). As a corrosion inhibitor, it usually has low inhibitive efficiency in most corrosive environment. Chemical modification is the most efficient method to solve this issue. Herein, two synthetic amino acid derivatives (2-phenylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (PTCA) and 2-(thiophen-2-yl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA)) were investigated as high-efficient corrosion inhibitors to deal with the corrosion issue of carbon steel in the CO2-containing environment. The anti-corrosion property of the amino acid derivatives was investigated by electrochemical experiment, surface technique and theoretical calculations. The electrochemical results show that PTCA and TTCA present high corrosion inhibition efficiencies at the concentration of 0.8 mM: PTCA (99.1%) and TTCA (99.3%). The inhibitive mechanism of PTCA and TTCA on carbon steel surface is revealed by theoretical calculations. It is found that the PTCA and TTCA adsorb at the steel/solution interface by forming Fe-O bonds. Compared to PTCA, TTCA exhibits stronger adsorption on carbon steel surface by forming shorter Fe-O bonds with a more negative adsorption energy, which accounts for the better inhibitive performance of TTCA.

Effect of gradient magnetic field on corrosion of carbon steel pipes in seawater pumped storage power plants

Effect of gradient magnetic field on corrosion of carbon steel pipes in seawater pumped storage power plants

Towards the Development of Novel Hybrid Composite Steel Pipes: Electrochemical Evaluation of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Layered Steel against Corrosion.

Corrosion remains one of the major and most costly challenges faced by the steel industry. Various fiber-reinforced polymer coating systems have been proposed to protect metallic piping distribution networks against corrosion. Despite increasing interest among scientific and industrial communities, there is only limited predictive capability for selecting the optimum composite system for a given corrosive condition. In this study, we present a comprehensive evaluation of the electrochemical behavior of two different fiber-reinforced polymer composite systems against the corrosion of carbon steel pipes under a wide range of acidic and corrosive solutions. The composites were made of glass and Kevlar fibers with an epoxy resin matrix and were subjected to corrosive solutions of 0.5 M NaCl, 0.5 M HCl, and 0.5 M H2SO4. The kinetics of the corrosion reactions were evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) tests. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were carried out at open circuit potentials (OCPs). It was demonstrated that the glass fiber-reinforced polymer coating system offered the best protection against corrosion, with a high stability against deterioration when compared with epoxy and Kevlar fiber-reinforced polymer coating systems. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed cracks and deteriorated embedded fibers due to acid attack, sustained/assisted by the diffusion of the corrosion species.

Dextran derivatives as highly efficient green corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in CO2-saturated oilfield produced water: Experimental and theoretical approaches

During the oil and gas exploitation, the corrosion of carbon steel pipes causes great economic loss, heavy casualties, environmental pollution, and waste of resources. The development of highly efficient and stable eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors is of great significance for the corrosion protection of carbon steel in oil and gas exploitation. In this work, two amino acid-modified dextran derivatives (LDT and S-LDT) were synthesized as green inhibitors, and their anti-corrosion performance for carbon steel in CO2-saturated oilfield produced water was studied by electrochemical tests and surface analysis. The electrochemical measurements show that S-LDT exhibits an outstanding inhibition performance with a fairly high inhibition efficiency (99.5% with the concentration of 250 mg/L) and high stability of corrosion inhibition (99.7% after 72 immersion), which is significantly higher than those eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors have been reported so far. The adsorptions of LDT and S-LDT involves physisorption and chemisorption. The adsorption mechanism of LDT and S-LDT was further explored by quantum chemical calculations, molecular dynamics (MD) and Geometry, Frequency, Noncovalent, and eXtended Tight Binding (GFN-xTB) method. It is believed that these novel dextran derivatives would have broad application prospects as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors in industry.

Effect of ph at anode and cathode chamber on the performance of biological cathodic protection

A new corrosion control system which is biological cathodic protection (CP) system was developed using the concept of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Microorganisms available in domestic wastewater was utilised to generate electrons and supplied to the carbon steel pipe, and as consequence, protect the pipe from corrosion. There are various factors affect the performance of the system including the pH at the anode and cathode chamber. This study aims to analyse the optimum pH at anode and cathode. In this study, wastewater was used as the electrolyte and graphite rod as the electrode in the anode compartment while cathode compartment was filled with sand and carbon steel pipe acts as the cathode. Both compartments were connected by a plastic tubing and separated by the membrane. It was found that optimum pH at anolyte and catholyte were 8 and 6. The CP potential versus copper sulfate electrode (CSE) was -752 mV. It shows that the corrosion of carbon steel pipe was reduced since the native potential of the carbon steel pipe versus CSE was -560 mV.

Optimisation of wastewater volume of single chamber biological cathodic protection system

In this study, the concept of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) was applied in the biological cathodic protection (CP) system in order to protect steel pipe. There are various factors affect the performance of the system including the volume of the medium.The purposes of this study were to analyse and optimise the effect of volume ratio of wastewater to the sand on biological CP performance by using Taguchi method. The maximum performance of biological CP in this study was obtained at the largest volume ratio. The orthogonal array and the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) were employed to study the effect of volume ratio on performance of biological CP. The CP potential vs. copper sulfate electrode (CSE) was -835 mV. It shows that the corrosion of carbon steel pipe was reduced since the native potential of the carbon steel pipe vs. CSE was -531 mV.

An Investigation of Internal Corrosion of Oil and Gas Transporting Carbon Steel Pipes in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria

Internal corrosion of carbon steel pipes of oil and gas Companies in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria using coupons and ER probes is presented. Corrosion mechanisms for the lines vary with the fluid type and operational parameters. Aqueous corrosion with, in some cases CO2 corrosion additive, erosion corrosion and elevated temperature oxidation are corrosion mechanisms implicated in the pipes. No H2S-induced corrosion was observed for all the lines investigated. They act separately or synergistically to exacerbate the corrosion attack. Application of inhibitors of the amine group drastically lowered the corrosion rates. Effective inhibition regime had in an instance markedly lowered the corrosion rate of a line from 42.7080mpy to 1.3447mpy. The ER probes incorporation offered a comparative corrosion monitoring alternative and provided insight into the real time conditions of the lines over prolonged periods of times. The exercise proved very useful in determining the corrosion status of the pipes and helped to determine the lines that should require immediate maintenance intervention to obviate possible ugly incidents of breakouts and ruptures.

An Investigation of Internal Corrosion of Oil and Gas Transporting Carbon Steel Pipes in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria

Internal corrosion of carbon steel pipes of oil and gas Companies in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria using coupons and ER probes is presented. Corrosion mechanisms for the lines vary with the fluid type and operational parameters. Aqueous corrosion with, in some cases CO2 corrosion additive, erosion corrosion and elevated temperature oxidation are corrosion mechanisms implicated in the pipes. No H2S-induced corrosion was observed for all the lines investigated. They act separately or synergistically to exacerbate the corrosion attack. Application of inhibitors of the amine group drastically lowered the corrosion rates. Effective inhibition regime had in an instance markedly lowered the corrosion rate of a line from 42.7080mpy to 1.3447mpy. The ER probes incorporation offered a comparative corrosion monitoring alternative and provided insight into the real time conditions of the lines over prolonged periods of times. The exercise proved very useful in determining the corrosion status of the pipes and helped to determine the lines that should require immediate maintenance intervention to obviate possible ugly incidents of breakouts and ruptures.

Long-term under-deposit pitting corrosion of carbon steel pipes

Some steel water injection pipelines used to increase the yield from oil production reservoirs in the offshore oil industry have experienced severe channelling corrosion at the 6 o′clock position. The examination of field observations suggests both under-deposit corrosion (UDC) and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) are likely to be associated with the phenomenon. Long-term laboratory experiments are described to distinguish the relative contributions of the presence of deposits, MIC and nitrate addition to the formation of channelling corrosion. Half-pipe steel specimens were exposed to different simulated test environments up to 365 days. The analysis of pitting morphology and pitting depth shows the synergistic effect of MIC and under-deposit corrosion led to severe localized corrosion. Nitrate addition caused most severe localized corrosion. Extreme value distribution examination shows Gumbel function is not appropriate to describe all the pit depth data for 1 year exposure. The results have implications for the corrosion management in industrial practice.

Electrolytic deposition of Ni–Co–SiC nano-coating for erosion-enhanced corrosion of carbon steel pipes in oilsand slurry

Erosion-enhanced corrosion constitutes an essential threat to the integrity of the oilsand slurry hydrotransport system. In this work, a Ni–Co–SiC nano-coating technology was developed by electrolytic deposition on the carbon steel surface to address this problem. Results demonstrate that the coating develops a compact structure, improving significantly the mechanical properties, including hardness and wear resistance, and the resistance to erosion-enhanced corrosion. The incorporation of SiC nano-particles in the coating, rather than the coating thickness, plays an essential role in the improvement of the coating properties and performance. Furthermore, the electrodepositing parameters, including concentration of SiC in the bath electrolyte, cathodic current density, current pattern and temperature, affect remarkably the content of SiC particles in the coating, and thus the coating performance. An optimal condition was proposed to fabricate the nano-coating for this purpose.

炭素鋼管の腐食に及ぼす淡水水質及び水流条件の影響

炭素鋼管の腐食に及ぼす淡水水質及び水流条件の影響