Corrosion Of Aluminum Research Articles

The Effectiveness of a Combination of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia.), Lerak (Sapindus rarak) and Jasmine Flower (Jasminum nudiflorum) Extracts as and Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor

Corrosion can also be defined as the forced destruction of metal by the surrounding medium which is usually a liquid (corrosive agent). Corrosion prevention processes can be carried out, including by coating the metal surface, cathodic protection, adding corrosion inhibitors and so on. Several types of inhibitors that have been widely used in industrial applications are synthetic chemical inhibitors. However, the compounds of inhibitors are environmentally unfriendly, toxic and expensive. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to develop an environmentally friendly alternative corrosion inhibitor or better known as a green inhibitor. This research aims to test the effectiveness of using a combination of lime (Citrus aurantifolia.), Lerak (Sapindus rarak) and jasmine flower (Jasminum nudiflorum) extracts as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor. The results obtained were inhibitors in the form of a combination which were added to the corrosive medium HCl which could reduce the rate of aluminum corrosion. This research also shows that time and concentration influence the corrosion rate. A higher concentration (200 ppm) has a greater inhibitory power than a concentration of 100 ppm. The best inhibitory power is found in 200 ppm inhibitor with a soaking time of 20 minutes

MgO/KH2PO4 and Curing Moisture Content in MKPC Matrices to Optimize the Immobilization of Pure Al and Al-Mg Alloys.

Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cements (MKPCs) are considered a good alternative for the immobilization of aluminium radioactive waste. MKPC composition and moisture curing conditions are relevant issues to be evaluated. The corrosion of pure aluminium (A1050) and AlMg alloys (AA5754) with 3.5% of Mg is studied in MKPC systems prepared with different MgO/KH2PO4 (M/P) molar ratios (1, 2, and 3M) and moisture curing conditions (100% Relative Humidity (RH) and isolated in plastic containers (endogenous curing)). The Al corrosion potential (Ecorr) and corrosion kinetic (icorr and Vcorr) are evaluated over 90 days. Additionally, the pore ion evolution, the matrix electrical resistance, the pore structure, and compressive strength are analysed. The corrosion process of Al alloy is affected by the pH and ion content in the pore solution. The pore pH increases from near neutral for the 1M M/P ratio to 9 and 10 for the 2 and 3M M/P ratio, increasing in the same way the corrosion of pure Al (AA1050) and AlMg alloys (AA5754). The effect of Mg content in the alloy (AA5754) becomes more relevant with the increase in the M/P ratio. The presence of phosphate ions in the pore solution inhibits the corrosion process in both Al alloys. The MKPC physicochemical stability improved with the increase in the M/P ratio, higher mechanical strength, and more refined pore structure.

Gravimetric and Quantum Chemical Approach of Nifuroxazid as Inhibitor of Aluminium Corrosion In 2.0 M HCl

Gravimetric and Quantum Chemical Approach of Nifuroxazid as Inhibitor of Aluminium Corrosion In 2.0 M HCl

PH-Responsive, Thermoset Polymer Coatings for Active Protection against Aluminum Corrosion.

This paper describes the synthesis and use of multifunctional methacrylic monomers, which contain basic (amine) functional groups, including an example in which an acid-labile tert-butylcarbamate-protected glycine is used to form a novel methacrylic monomer. The "protected" amino acid-derived functional monomer (BOC-Gly-MA) is copolymerized with an epoxide functional methacrylic monomer (GMA), to deliver novel multifunctional polymers, which are processed into powder coatings and used to study filiform corrosion at the surface of an aluminum substrate. The BOC-Gly-MA-containing copolymers were shown to improve a coating's anticorrosion performance, presenting the lowest average filiform corrosion (FFC) track length, total FFC number, and total corroded surface area (CSA) of the coatings investigated. Further to this, a mode of action for the role of BOC-Gly functional polymers in corrosion protection is proposed, supported by both solution and polymer-aluminum interface studies, delivering new insights into the mode of action of pH-responsive polymer coatings.

Comparison between gas flame welding and shielded gas welding in case of aluminium alloys

Although the assembly by welding of aluminum alloys is a common assembly process, it is done in quite difficult conditions, being forced to take into account a number of shortcomings, such as: high thermal conductivity which translates into losses of high heat in the welding area; formation of aluminum oxide films that melt at high temperatures, well above the melting temperature of the alloy; large expansion coefficients that result in the appearance of large deformations, the appearance of cracks in the joint at high temperatures due to loss of mechanical strength of the alloy, but also the appearance of pores, inclusions of aluminum oxide and corrosion in various aggressive environments. Despite all these shortcomings that occur in welding, aluminum alloys can be joined indestructibly by welding. The present paper aims, is to make a comparative study, based on experimental data, of two welding assembly processes, one with gas flame and another with shielded inert gas environments-WIG, for aluminum alloys of group 6000. The base material will be presented, the preparation of the basic material for welding through the two mentioned welding procedures and the steps taken to make the welded joints. The comparative study will include the parameters of welding regimes, non-destructive defectoscopy methods with which certain discontinuities can be identified and the destructive mechanical tests. The experimental results will be able to lead to pertinent conclusions on the possibilities of aluminum alloys welding assembly, using those two welding processes mentioned above, the results being easily generalized in the industrial fields.

Mechanical characterizations on biobased FMLs, being developed for battery boxes, before and after ageing

This paper reports the activities carried out under project FENICE (Upscaling, KAVA 9, EIT Raw Materials, www.Fenice-composites.eu, 2022-2025) about improving fire resistance of electric cars batteries, in particular through the development of Fiber Metal Laminates (FML) battery boxes. The aim of this study is to analyse the corrosion behaviour of FML based on bio-based and closed loop recyclable prepregs, in typical ageing conditions (thermal ageing, neutral and cupric acetic salt spray). FML degradation, evaluated in term of residual tensile strength after ageing, along with surface corrosion is remarkably low, and also resistance to humid environment seems satisfactory. However proper inorganic surface finishing is needed, since otherwise typical automotive tests, such as salty spray chamber ageing, cannot be passed in term of corrosion resistance requirements. The project is studying surface vitrification with sol-gel formulations, since traditional painting, based on organic polymers could ensure aluminium corrosion resistance, but would inevitably decrease fire resistance, while Cr-plating is not environmentally friendly, because of its higher carbon footprint and since it would make direct aluminium recyclability impossible, so. These advanced treatments were, up to now, not compatible with the adoption in the mass production, but things are rapidly changing, following the green transition that is currently bringing a number of small revolutions in the manufacturing sector.

Experimental and theoretical studies of the efficiency of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in preventing aluminum corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution

Aluminum corrosion inhibitors “{[CuI (CN)2(phen) CuII (CN)2(phen)]5H2O},(MOF1) and {[CuI(CN)2(phen)CuII(CN)2(phen)]5H2O}@TiO2 (MOF1@TiO2) were studied in one molar HCl solution”. The ML results for three different temperatures (25–45 °C) were compared with the results of PDP and EIS analyses. The adsorption of inhibitors on Al surfaces has been calculated and discussed by a Langmuir isotherm. The inhibitors that were created showed great effectiveness, with a noticeable increase in their inhibitory efficiency as the dosage was raised and the temperature was lowered. Inhibition efficiency each amounted to 88.6%, 84.5% at 400 ppm and 25 °C for MOF1@TiO2 and MOF1, respectively. Analyzing the polarization curves of synthesized inhibitors revealed that they were mixed-type inhibitors. Al was found to be surface inhibited when coated with a thin film of inhibitors, and “Al's surface morphology was assessed by different techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and atomic force microscope (AFM)”. “Theoretical models like quantum chemical and molecular dynamics simulation authenticated the experimental observation”. The MOFs exhibit exceptional corrosion resistance against Al when exposed to acidic environments, according to several tests.

Hydrogen production by aluminum corrosion: Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling

The search for new energy sources has been a great focus lately because of concerns about climate change caused mainly by fossil fuels gas emissions. The hydrogen is a promising energy source due its clean and high energy combustion. However, the major drawbacks to use hydrogen are the difficulty of formation, transportation and storage. The objective of this work is the study of hydrogen formation by aluminium reaction with water by using strong alkalis as catalysts (NaOH and KOH), and the development of a mathematical model that accounts the evolution of hydrogen at each time. Different alkali concentrations were used (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mol. L-1 ). The reactions were carried out with aluminum in different samples: foils, plates with 0.5 mm and 1 mm width each. The range of temperatures studied was: 295, 305, 315 and 325 K for foils and 0.5 mm plates; 315, 325, 335 and 345 K for 1 mm plates. The results showed a strong dependence of the reaction rate on the temperature, alkali concentration and shape of the samples. The model predictions of hydrogen formation agreed with the experimental data of volume versus time, as well as the peaks observed in the reaction rates.

The Influence of the Magnesium-to-Phosphate Molar Ratio on Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Properties Using Either Wollastonite or Volcanic Ash as Fillers

The use of the fillers wollastonite and volcanic ash for the formulation of magnesium phosphate cements prepared at magnesium-to-phosphate molar ratios of 2, 3 and 4 has been investigated, with the objective of evaluating these formulations for the encapsulation of aluminium radioactive waste. The workability, mechanical strength, dimensional stability, pH, chemical composition and mineralogical properties of cement pastes and mortars were examined. All cement pastes presented fast setting, and the workability was only good at 3 and 4 M. The cement mortars presented high compressive strength and dimensional stability. K-struvite was confirmed as the sole reaction product of the reaction for all formulations. The pH of the cement pastes, measured in suspensions, achieved values in the range of 7.8 to 9.5 after the first days of setting, exceeding pH 8.5 for the 2 and 3 M formulations. pH values below 8.5 are theoretically preferred to avoid potential aluminium corrosion. Both fillers presented adequate characteristics (good workability, chemical compatibility) to be used in the formulation of magnesium phosphate cements. The increasing magnesium-to-phosphate molar ratio prevented unwanted efflorescence and increased the mechanical stability of the cement.

The role of the oxide layer in the corrosion of aluminium in acidic solutions

AbstractThe role of the oxide layer in the corrosion of aluminium in hydrochloric, sulphuric(VI) and orthophosphoric acid is studied at pH 1. The oxide layer is stable in hydrochloric and sulphuric acids. The corrosion rate of aluminium in these solutions is 0.2 and 0.3 mm/year, respectively. The oxide layer is unstable in orthophosphoric acid and the corrosion rate is higher, 1.75 mm/year. The corrosion process is studied using scanning electron microscopy, immersion and electrochemical techniques. The mechanism of corrosion of aluminium in the orthophosphoric acid solution is proposed. It includes the adsorption of a reaction intermediate on the surface of the corroding metal and the formation of the oxide layer at anodic potentials with respect to the open‐circuit potential. It is also explained when the inductive loop appears on the electrochemical impedance spectra of aluminium corroding in orthophosphoric acid solution. The mechanism of aluminium corrosion in hydrochloric and sulphuric acid is more complex compared to orthophosphoric acid, and is not analysed in detail.

NBis(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium dodecanoate and its constituents as inhibitors for Al corrosion and H2 production in acid medium

2-(2-Hydroxyethylamino) ethanol (EA), dodecanoic acid (DA), and a freshly prepared ionic liquid named bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium dodecanoate (ADD) were exercised as mitigators towards the corrosion of aluminum and the production of hydrogen in 2.0 M HCl. The study was performed by gravimetry, gasometry, potential-time measurements, and electrochemical methods. The examined concentration range of such inhibitors was varied between 5 × 10-6 M and 5 × 10-3 M. The amount of generated hydrogen is enhanced with temperature and lowered by increasing the concentration of the organic additive. Galvanostatic studies indicated that the utilized organic materials are effective inhibitors of a mixed type. The inhibition efficacy was found to increase with more additions of inhibitors and is lowered by temperature. ADD is the more effective inhibitor with a protective efficacy of 95.2% at 0.005 M and 298 K. The computed values of ΔGoads vary between – 35.48 and − 35.00 kJ/mol depending on the type of the organic compound and temperature that confirms the existence of a physical adsorption mechanism. The lowering in the Kads values with T confirms the escaping of several adsorbed organic particles from the contact metal interface. The thermodynamic adsorption functions, ΔG°ads, and Kads confirmed the spontaneous adsorption process, i.e., physical- and chemisorption mechanisms.

Aluminum-air batteries: current advances and promises with future directions.

Owing to their attractive energy density of about 8.1 kW h kg-1 and specific capacity of about 2.9 A h g-1, aluminum-air (Al-air) batteries have become the focus of research. Al-air batteries offer significant advantages in terms of high energy and power density, which can be applied in electric vehicles; however, there are limitations in their design and aluminum corrosion is a main bottleneck. Herein, we aim to provide a detailed overview of Al-air batteries and their reaction mechanism and electrochemical characteristics. This review emphasizes each component/sub-component including the anode, electrolyte, and air cathode together with strategies to modify the electrolyte, air-cathode, and even anode for enhanced performance. The latest advancements focusing on the specific design of Al-air batteries and their rechargeability characteristics are discussed. Finally, the constraints and prospects of their use in mobility applications are also covered in depth. Thus, the present review may pave the way for researchers and developers working in energy storage solutions to look beyond lithium/sodium ion-based storage solutions.

An examination of the effectiveness of the expired drug isoprinosine in preventing aluminum corrosion in alkaline solutions using both computational and experimental techniques.

A now-expired medication called isoprinosine was examined in NaOH (0.50 M) solutions as a potential novel inhibitor of aluminum corrosion. The inhibitory effectiveness of the isoprinosine compounds was examined utilizing different electrochemical tests (open circuit potential OCP, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS), surface examination and quantum calculations. Increases in isoprinosine concentration were seen to increase the inhibitory efficacy. It was discovered that the inhibitory action, which results in the inhibition of charge and mass transfer and protects the aluminum against harmful ions, was brought on by isoprinosine molecules adhering to the aluminum surface. Additionally, the surface morphology of Al dissolved in a 0.50 M NaOH solution without and with the existence of an isoprinosine molecule was analyzed using SEM/EDX and AFM techniques. Utilizing the optimized geometric parameters of the ground state molecules, FMO simulations and additional studies were executed successfully utilizing the density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)). Based on the expected energies for the molecular carriers of charge, HOMO and LUMO. Calculations are also done for the AIM charges, Fukui functions, AIM charges, and excitation energies. Furthermore, molecular dynamic was simulated to explore the corrosion inhibition efficiency and mechanism of inhibition. The computational results are in the same agreement with experimental results, showing that isoprinosine can inhibit the corrosion of aluminum in 0.5 M NaOH.

Review: General Study on Aluminum Corrosion Behavior in Artificial Seawater

Review: General Study on Aluminum Corrosion Behavior in Artificial Seawater

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on the Use of Pumpkin Peel as a Sustainable Biomass Anticorrosion Agent for Aluminum in HCl Solutions

The sustainable plant‐derived biomass are now understood to be important sources for the prevention of corrosion in metallic alloys. This study examined the effect of a potential novel low‐cost, low‐toxicity inhibitor utilizing pumpkin peel extract (PPE) on aluminum corrosion hydrochloric acid 1M HCl medium. Several experimental methods were used to investigate the inhibitor effect of PPE which include, AFM‐XPS surface analysis, electrochemical studies (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy‐electrochemical frequency modulation‐potentiodynamics), and weight loss procedures. According to the weight loss results, when PPE is introduced to a 1M HCl solution, the inhibitory performance rises up to 95.42% with an increase in PPE concentration in the range of 0–300 ppm at 25°C. Potentiodynamic results showed the investigated PPE inhibitor is a mixed‐type inhibitor. Corrosion inhibition at different temperatures was also examined, and the thermodynamic activation parameters were identified. It was found that the adsorption of the inhibitor on the aluminum followed the Langmuir and kinetic isotherm models. Quantum chemical indices contributed to a greater comprehension of the inhibitory mechanism. To investigate the configurational adsorption performance of the investigated PPE on the aluminum surface, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out.

Study and Conception of a Potentiostat at Competitive Prices and its Application for Assessing Aluminum Corrosion Inhibition

Study and Conception of a Potentiostat at Competitive Prices and its Application for Assessing Aluminum Corrosion Inhibition

Examining the effectiveness of Guava leaf extract in mitigating corrosion of aluminium in potassium hydroxide solution

This study is on the effectiveness of guava leaf extract in mitigating corrosion of aluminium in potassium hydroxide solution. Functional groups of the extract were revealed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extract were carried out to ascertain the level of the phytochemicals. Effects of process variables on the effectiveness of guava leaf extract as corrosion inhibitor were determined. Then, modeling of the experimental data of inhibition efficiency of the guava leaf extract was carried using response surface methodology. In the process, modeling of the inhibition efficiency was actualized using design expert software version 11. Analysis of variance and diagnostic analysis of the model on interactive effects of inhibitor concentration, temperature and time on the inhibition efficiency were examined. Analysis of the results showed that the main functional groups of guava leaf are O-H stretch, C-H stretch, N-H bend, CH3C-H bend, C-O stretch and C-H bend. Alkaloid was found to be highly concentrated in the extract; 223.71 ±0.12 mg/100g. Tannins, flavonoids, phytates and saponins were present at moderate (concentrated) levels. Weight loss, corrosion rate, inhibition efficiency and degree of surface coverage were influenced by the inhibitor concentration, temperature and time. Quadratic model adequately described the relationship between inhibition efficiency and process variables. The predicted R² of 0.9311 is in reasonable agreement with the adjusted R² of 0.9867. Guava exhibited high inhibition efficiency. Hence, it can be used to inhibit corrosion of Al in KOH solution.

Copper and Aluminium Electrochemical Corrosion Investigation during Electrolysis and Heating from 20oC to 180oC

Our investigations show that electrochemical corrosion of copper is faster than electrochemical corrosion of aluminium at temperatures below 180°C and electric current density 3,000 A/m2 (or 30 A/dm2=3 mA/mm2). We have obtained that aluminium anodes (cylindrical or spherical) dissolve into concentrated NaCl solution during electrolysis more rapidly with temperature increasing while copper anodes (cylindrical or spherical) dissolve more slowly with temperature increasing from room temperature to temperature 180°C. Electric current value also increases with temperature increasing. Really, such result is unexpected. General quantity of the H+ and Cl- ions decreases during electrolysis at all temperatures since the H2 and Cl2 gases are formed near electrodes. It decreases electric current value on 1.3%. General quantity of the Cu+ and Cu2+ ions decreases with temperature increasing too. We guess that one reason only should be for electric current value increasing: average charge of copper ions increases from +1 at room temperature to +1.5 at 100°C and to +2 at 180°C while charge of aluminium ions remains the same +3. Corresponding mathematical model is proposed for the analysis, and literature experimental data are used too.

Biofouling and Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Alloys Through Ultrafast Laser Surface Texturing for Marine Applications

AbstractSurface biofouling, corrosion, and wettability are important parameters to understand and characterize aluminum alloys to prevent the failure in marine environments. Antifouling technologies predominantly encompass chemical and biocidal approaches with negative environmental consequences. Therefore, this study focuses on a new method of producing non‐toxic and effective antifouling and corrosion‐resistant surfaces. In this study, ultrafast laser texturing is used to modify the surface of an aluminum alloy using a femtosecond laser system. Five different unique texture patterns are designed and fabricated using 3 W laser power, 100 kHz pulse repetition rate, and 4 mm s−1 scanning speed in order to make the aluminum surface antifouling and corrosion resistant. The non‐textured sample has a contact angle of 85° while the textured samples have contact angles of up to 157°. The contact angle increased with time up to 90 days of aging. Biofouling assessment is conducted using marine algae Nitzschia ovalis as a marine fouling test organism. A reduction of biofilm coverage of 79% is recorded from the laser‐produced star pattern texture. This study demonstrates that laser‐textured surfaces have the potential to mitigate the formation of biofilms on the surfaces while also providing a mechanism to control the relative level of corrosion.

Liquid Structure and Anti-Corrosion Effect of Super-Concentrated Electrolyte Solution

For realizing sustainable world, Lithium-ion batteries are required to have higher energy density. Aluminum metal have been dominantly used as a current collector of positive electrode. A mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) containing 1 mol dm-3 Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) has been used as an electrolyte solution. Aluminum forms thin passivation layer on its surface, preventing the corrosion. However, aluminum corrosion may occur due to this electrolyte solution under high voltage condition. Recently, super-concentrated electrolyte solution (SCES) [1], which consists of only two or three times as much solvent as lithium salt, has been attracting attention as a new electrolyte solution of high-voltage lithium-ion battery. Motsumoto et al. proposed that aluminum corrosion was remarkably suppressed in lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)-based SCES [2]. To clarify the corrosion-inhibiting factor of SCES, we investigated aluminum corrosion in the several lithium salts based SCESs [3]. And we found that lithium perchlorate (LiClO4)-based SCES could suppress corrosion of Aluminum current collector. Liquid structure of the SCES may plays an important role in corrosion suppression. In the present work, we demonstrated Raman spectroscopy and Quantum chemical calculations to reveal the liquid structure of the LiClO4-based SCES.The LiClO4 based SCES was prepared by dissolving LiClO4 into DMC as the molar ratio of 1 : 2. For comparison, DMC solution containing 1 mol dm-3 LiClO4 and neat DMC was also prepared. Raman spectroscopic experiments were conducted using Laser Raman spectrophotometer (NRS-5100, JASCO) installed a laser at 532 nm. Quantum calculations were performed using the Gaussion 9 program suite (Gaussian, USA). Geometry optimization were conducted at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level. An intensive peak is observed at approximately 915 cm-1 for neat DMC. When a small amount of LiClO4 is added to DMC (corresponding to 1 mol dm-3 LiClO4 solution), new peak is observed at approximately 932 cm-1. This peak can be assigned to ClO4 - anion. A new peak appears at approximately 950 cm-1 with increasing LiClO4 (corresponding to the SCES). According to the Quantum calculations, the new peak is assigned to aggregate in which the ClO4 - cross-links Li+. In addition, HOMO energy of a contact ion pair (CIP), in which ClO4 - coordinates to Li+, is lower than that of free ClO4 - anion. The oxidative stability of ClO4 - increases by forming CIP and aggregate. The decomposition products of ClO4 - may affect the Aluminum corrosion. The high oxidative stability of LiClO4-based SCES may prevent the Aluminum corrosion.