Acid Corrosion Research Articles

316L stainless milling behaving mechanism in enamel coatings: A strategy for mechanical and corrosion improvement

AbstractTo achieve corrosion resistance and mechanical robustness properties simultaneously, 316L stainless steel powder was employed as mill additives in SiO2–B2O3–Na2O–SrO slurry system enamel coating. The sintering process, gases consuming, microstructure, interface adhesion, and corrosion mechanism of the prepared enamel coatings were investigated. The results indicated that during sintering, 316L powder reduced coatings porosity by forming internal carbides through the Cr‐poor reaction of carbon‐containing gases adsorption in the pores due to its low‐carbon activity. Additionally, the powder partially dissolved into the enamel coating matrix, contributing to a significant enhancement in the coating's mechanical properties through its own ductility and toughness. Moreover, the peeling of the gel layer from the enamel coating surface was slowed in acidic environments, thereby enhancing the enamel coatings' long‐term resistance to acid corrosion.

Distinguishing abiotic corrosion from two types of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) using a new electrochemical biofilm/MIC test kit.

Biofilms can cause biofouling, water quality deterioration, and transmission of infectious diseases. They are also responsible for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) which can cause leaks, resulting in environmental disasters. A new disposable biofilm/MIC test kit was demonstrated to distinguish abiotic corrosion of carbon steel from MIC. It used two solid-state electrodes inside a standard 10mL serum vial to form a miniature electrochemical cell. In this work, abiotic corrosion was exemplified using CO2 corrosion and acetic acid corrosion. Sulfate reducing Desulfovibrio ferrophilus IS5, nitrate reducing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and an oilfield biofilm consortium were grown anaerobically as examples of MIC systems. Tafel curves from dual-half scans and continuous upward scans did not differ significantly in each of the two abiotic corrosion systems. However, obvious distortions in Tafel curve shapes with corrosion potentials (Ecorr) shifts and corrosion current density (icorr) deviations (Tafel skews) were observed in each of the three MIC systems. The polarization resistance (Rp) trend from linear polarization resistance (LPR) for an MIC system decreased in several days due to biofilm buildup while an abiotic system did not have this delay. The abiotic corrosion systems did not respond to electron mediators or biocide injections with negligible Rp changes, while electron mediators accelerated extracellular electron transfer-MIC but not metabolite-MIC, and biocide injection reduced MIC rates as reflected by Rp changes. The results in this work demonstrated that the new kit is a useful tool in MIC diagnosis, biofilm/MIC monitoring and assessment of biocide efficacy.

Experimental study on the performance of basalt fiber combined with cement-based material solidified shield waste mud under the coupled effects of acid corrosion and dry-wet cycles

Experimental study on the performance of basalt fiber combined with cement-based material solidified shield waste mud under the coupled effects of acid corrosion and dry-wet cycles

Investigating the degradation process of steel fiber-reinforced concrete under sulfuric acid corrosion by combining laboratory tests and numerical modeling

Investigating the degradation process of steel fiber-reinforced concrete under sulfuric acid corrosion by combining laboratory tests and numerical modeling

Multifunctional superhydrophobic gradient coating with ultrahigh anti-corrosion performance prepared via controlled sedimentation of nanoparticles for sulfuric acid corrosion environments

Multifunctional superhydrophobic gradient coating with ultrahigh anti-corrosion performance prepared via controlled sedimentation of nanoparticles for sulfuric acid corrosion environments

Synthesis characterisation and analysis of the corrosion resistance of a new epoxy resin onto mild steel in the presence of hydrochloric acid: practical and theoretical points of view

ABSTRACT In this work, we synthetised the tetraglycidyl ether L-(+) ribose (TGER). TGER was identified through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The effectiveness of a novel epoxy resin derived from TGER in protecting mild steel from corrosion in hydrochloric acid has been evaluated. After 30 minutes of immersion, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that TGER could reduce mild steel corrosion, achieving an inhibition rate of 93% at 10−3 M. According to the Langmuir isotherm model, chemical bonding allows the compound to adhere to the mild steel surface. Molecular structure analysis using density functional theory (DFT) supports the observed inhibition efficiency. Furthermore, molecular dynamics studies indicated that the interaction energy of the TGER inhibitor increased, while radial distribution function analysis confirmed the chemical adsorption of the inhibitors onto the metal surface. Additionally, thermodynamic activation parameters suggested that the adsorption process on the metal surface was spontaneous. The synthesised TGER epoxy resin provided maximal protection of 93% at 10−3 M, and the epoxy functional groups improved the anti-polarisation efficacy of the molecule.

Effects of Acid Corrosion on Deformation Evolution and Seepage Characteristics of Weakly Cemented Sandstones: Understanding Sensitive Reservoirs for CO2 Geological Storage

Effects of Acid Corrosion on Deformation Evolution and Seepage Characteristics of Weakly Cemented Sandstones: Understanding Sensitive Reservoirs for CO₂ Geological Storage

Research on the Microstructure and Properties of Arc-Sprayed Austenitic Stainless Steel and Nickel-Based Alloy Composite Coatings with Different Spraying Distances

1Cr18Ni9Ti and Monel composite metal coatings with five different spraying distances were prepared by arc spraying technology. The density, hardness, friction, and wear properties and acid corrosion rate of the coatings with different spraying distances were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Rockwell hardness test, and friction and wear test. Research shows that the spraying distance has a significant effect on the density, hardness, porosity, friction, and wear properties and corrosion rate of the coating. When the spraying distance is 250 mm, the coating has the maximum density and hardness, the minimum porosity and corrosion rate, and the minimum friction coefficient and wear volume. Cu3.8ni and cr0.19fe0.7ni0.11 compounds in the coating have significant effects on the friction, wear, and hardness of the coating. The results show that too-high or too-low spraying distance will lead to pores and large particle agglomeration in the coating, which will affect the surface physical properties of the coating.

Ultrafast Water Purification by Template-Free Nanoconfined Catalysts Derived from Municipal Sludge.

Nanoconfinement at the interface of heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts offers promising avenues for advancing oxidation processes in water purification. Herein, we introduce a template-free strategy for synthesizing nanoconfined catalysts from municipal sludge (S-NCCs),specifically engineered to optimize reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and utilization for rapid pollutant degradation. Using selective hydrofluoric acid corrosion, we create an architecture that confines atomically dispersed Fe centers within a micro-mesoporous carbon matrix in situ. This method maximizes the utilization of silicon and aluminum content from sludge, prevents metal agglomeration, andprecisely regulates the chemical environment of Fe active sites.As a result,the S-NCCs promote a transition from nonradical to hybrid radical/nonradical reaction mechanisms, significantly enhancing ROS efficiency, stability, and pollutant degradation rates. These catalysts demonstrate exceptional pollutant removal performance, achieving a 261-fold increase in degradation efficiency for compounds such as phenol and sulfamethoxazole compared to unconfined analogs, outperforming most state-of-the-art Fenton-like systems. Our findings highlight the transformative potential of nanoconfined catalysis in environmental applications, providing an effective and scalable solution for sustainable water purification.

A sustainable and green method for controlling acidic corrosion on mild steel using leaves of Araucaria heterophylla

There are several studies that announce the inhibitory behavior of this sort of substance to strengthen the shield of metals, which is one of the positive benefits of green inhibitors. In the current investigation, Araucaria heterophylla studied as a green corrosion inhibitor to avert the mild steel during the acidic cleaning. The examination of this plant’s ability to control corrosion at different concentrations in the acidic solution used certain expert measures. The electrochemical results suggested that Araucaria heterophylla had a stronger inhibitory effect on mild steel protection from corrosion. After 12 h of immersion, 1000 ppm of A. heterophylla extract produced corrosion inhibition efficacy (about 83.94%). According to the polarization outcomes, the mild steel corrosion current density dramatically decreased with the addition of Araucaria heterophylla extract, going from 1.08 μA/cm2 for the sample without inhibitor to 0.17 μA/cm2 for the sample having 1000 ppm inhibitor and according to electrochemical study the inhibition efficiency was found around 83%. Flavonoids were found in the plant’s leaves according to the high-performance thin-layer chromatography profile. The FTIR picks analysis like N–H stretching secondary amine (3337.07 cm−1), CO–O–C–O stretching anhydride (1022.64 cm−1) defined that functional groups and heteroatom were present. By the help of a GC–MS, the suggested inhibitor’s components were identified. Scanning electron microscopy suggests that a thin layer or passive film form on the surface. Quantum chemical calculation also supports the experimental results.

Damage constitutive model and mechanical properties of a concrete limestone composite after acid corrosion

Damage constitutive model and mechanical properties of a concrete limestone composite after acid corrosion

Intermetallic RNi2Si2 (R = Ca, La, and Y) Catalysts with Electron-Rich Ni Sites for Continuous Flow Selective Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride.

The industrial advancement of downstream products resulting from the directed hydrogenation of maleic anhydride is hindered by the limitations related to the activity and stability of catalysts. The development of nonprecious metal intermetallic compounds, in which active sites are adjustable in the local structures and electronic properties embedded within a distinct framework, holds immense potential in enhancing catalytic efficacy and stability. Herein, we report that nickel-based silicides catalysts, RNi2Si2 (R = Ca, La, and Y), afford high efficiency in the selective hydrogenation of maleic anhydride. Among the RNi2Si2 with the same tetragonal structure, CaNi2Si2 with complete isolation and highest electron density of Ni sites presents the low apparent activation energy (98.4 kJ/mol). Preferential adsorption of intermediate succinic anhydride via C═O bonds is achieved by the high oxygen affinity of CaNi2Si2, resulting in chemoselectivity to γ-butyrolactone (>80%). Additionally, the silicide with good resistance to sintering and acid corrosion presents remarkable stability for at least 130 h. The design of the silicide structure will offer fresh perspectives on the development of effective and enduring selective hydrogenation catalysts.

Effect of Alkyl Chain Length of Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant Corrosion Inhibitor on Fe (110) in Acetic Acid Media via Computer Simulation

Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the inhibition mechanism of cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant corrosion inhibitors (CIs) with varying chain lengths in 1.0 M HCl and 500 ppm acetic acid on Fe (110) surfaces. DFT calculations demonstrated that all surfactant CI molecules possess favorable inhibition properties, with the cationic quaternary ammonium groups (N+) and alpha carbon serving as electron-donating reactive centers, characterized by a low band-gap energy of 1.26 eV. MD simulations highlighted C12, with a 12-alkyl chain length, as the most promising CI molecule, exhibiting high adsorption and binding energies, a low diffusion coefficient, and a random distribution at low concentrations, thereby facilitating optimal adsorption onto the Fe (110) metal surface. The insights gained from computational modeling regarding the influence of alkyl chain length on inhibition efficiency, coupled with the comprehensive theoretical understanding of cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant CI molecules in acidic corrosion systems, can serve as a foundation for the future development of innovative surfactant CI molecules incorporating ammonium-based functional groups.

Sustainable corrosion prevention of mild steel in acidic media with Rumex Nepalensis herb extract.

Mild steel provides strength to various building and industrial materials but it is badly affected by corrosion. In the present study, we investigate the efficacy of Rumex nepalensis, a plant-based green corrosion inhibitor to minimize mild steel corrosion in a 1 M H2SO4 solution. Weight loss, surface coverage, inhibition efficiency, and corrosion rate measurements were evaluated for various inhibitor concentrations and time intervals. Rumex nepalensis was found to be 98.35% efficient in preventing mild steel from acid corrosion by forming a barrier that reduces the interaction between mild steel and the acidic environment, it was further validated by UV-Vis and contact angle investigations. The scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated the inhibitor's protective effect, showing a smoother surface. These investigations show that the Rumex nepalensis inhibitor significantly improves mild steel's corrosion resistance, offering immediate and long-term protection in acidic environments, even at deficient concentrations. It shows promise as an effective natural inhibitor and merits further consideration for future applications.

Facile preparation of highly hydrophobic ZIF-8/DMBIM modified epoxy coatings with enhanced acid, alkali and marine corrosion resistance

Facile preparation of highly hydrophobic ZIF-8/DMBIM modified epoxy coatings with enhanced acid, alkali and marine corrosion resistance

Evaluating the efficacy of chemically modified pinacol as an acidic corrosion inhibitor for mild steel: A comparative study

Evaluating the efficacy of chemically modified pinacol as an acidic corrosion inhibitor for mild steel: A comparative study

Combinatorial discovery and investigation of the synergism of green amino acid corrosion inhibitors: integrating high-throughput experiments and interpretable machine learning approach

Combinatorial discovery and investigation of the synergism of green amino acid corrosion inhibitors: integrating high-throughput experiments and interpretable machine learning approach

How to Avoid Acid Corrosion of Laminated Solar Panels by Replacing the Encapsulant

Solar power is gaining more and more importance in terms of electricity generation worldwide. As the solar industry today is still linear (the majority of the panel waste is not recycled), ensuring a long lifetime of the panels is important. Today, the most commonly used encapsulant is ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), a copolymer prominent since the 1980’s. However, as this material ages, it releases acetic acid, which is highly corrosive. As a result, alternatives to EVA are required. In this paper, a prospective alternative, a polyethylene-based elastomer-type foil, namely a polyolefin elastomer (POE), is investigated and compared to EVA from a corrosion point of view. Firstly, the two raw materials are compared on the basis of their chemical composition and thermal stability. Both foils are used to manufacture a batch of standard solar panels, which are then subjected to a standardized climate chamber test. During and after these tests, the power generated by the solar panels is monitored and the state of the wafers examined by an electroluminescence test. Furthermore, the effect of the free acetic acid is examined in a corrosion model test, where the subjected wafers are compared in a before-and-after microscopic examination.

Problems of Concrete Protection against Biogenic Sulfuric Acid Aggression by Means of Polymer Coatings

The work is devoted to the determination of the causes of destruction of organic polymer coatings designed to protect concrete structures in sewer collectors from microbiological sulfuric acid corrosion. The breakage of these coatings occurred as a result of intensive expansion of concrete under the coating, which indicated that mineral acid freely diffuses through the organic coating. To elucidate the causes of this phenomenon, a detailed analysis of the metabolites of the microbiocenosis that develops on the arch part of collectors was carried out. Among the organic substances identified were phospholipids, phthalic acid esters, alkanes, alcohols, and aromatic compounds. These organic compounds can attack the polymer coatings of concrete, making them permeable to sulfuric acid and therefore not effective in protecting concrete from biogenic sulfuric acid aggression. Therefore, it is necessary to test the effectiveness of polymer coatings not in model solutions of sulfuric acid, but with exposure of samples in an operating sewer collector.

Thermofluid process simulation of wet biomass and ammonia co-firing in an industrial watertube boiler

Co-firing of ammonia with low-carbon biomass fuels can promote cleaner energy by employing a carbon-free alternative in tandem with traditional fuels. However, doing this in a boiler specifically designed for solid fuel with high moisture content could pose challenges. In the present work, an integrated thermofluid network model of a whole boiler firing sugarcane bagasse is developed and applied to investigate the effect of co-firing ammonia on the thermal performance. The results show that the primary impacts are an increase in the adiabatic flame temperature and a reduction in total flue gas flow rates. This is due to the higher HHV of ammonia compared to biomass, along with lower excess air ratios. At a blending ratio of 0.5 kg NH3/kg biomass, there is a 58% reduction in CO2 mass flow rate in the flue gas. The impact on furnace exit gas temperature, spray water flow rates and intermediate header temperatures are small, and the economizer does not run the risk of acid corrosion. It also shows that ammonia co-firing could potentially be used to stabilize boiler efficiency and reduce the sensitivity of the temperature control system when a batch of high moisture fuel is introduced. Therefore, for this boiler the co-firing of ammonia with wet biomass has a beneficial effect on both boiler operation and environmental impact.