Corrosion Behavior Research Articles

Effect of quenching–partitioning process on corrosion behavior and mechanism of medium manganese steel

Effect of quenching–partitioning process on corrosion behavior and mechanism of medium manganese steel

Atmospheric Corrosion Behavior of Ni-advanced Weathering Steels in High-chloride Environment: Effect of Ni on Corrosion Morphology

Atmospheric Corrosion Behavior of Ni-advanced Weathering Steels in High-chloride Environment: Effect of Ni on Corrosion Morphology

Role of surface grain refinement in AZ31 Mg alloy by shot peening on surface energy, biomineralization and degradation behavior

Grain refinement of magnesium (Mg) alloys to improve their performance as potential candidates for degradable implant applications is a promising strategy in the field of materials engineering. Surface properties play an important role in promoting higher implant tissue interactions which dictate the healing rate of the fractured bone. In the present work, AZ31 Mg alloy was subjected to shot peening by using steel balls of 2 mm diameter. From the microstructural studies carried out at the cross section, fine grain structure was observed up to 50 μm depth from the surface. Grain refinement up to ∼1.5 μm was achieved at the surface of shot peened AZ31. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the development of non-basal texture at the surface. Increased surface energy was measured by contact angle measurements for the shot peened AZ31. Higher hardness was measured from the surface in the thickness direction of the AZ31 after shot peening. Corrosion behavior assessed by potentiodynamic polarization tests indicated marginally increased corrosion resistance for shot peened AZ31. In vitro bioactivity studies carried out in simulated body fluids demonstrated higher mineral depositions and lower weight loss for the surface grain refined AZ31. The results demonstrate the potential of shot peening to promote higher biomineralization and to control the degradation in improving the performance of biodegradable AZ31 Mg alloy.

Corrosion Behavior of Newly Designed Fe-Ni-Base Alloys in High-Temperature CO2 at 700 °C

Corrosion Behavior of Newly Designed Fe-Ni-Base Alloys in High-Temperature CO2 at 700 °C

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Galvanized Press-Hardened Steels: A Review

Press-hardened steels (PHS), as an alternative to traditional steels and aluminum alloys, combine great mechanical performance with low manufacturing costs. PHS are martensitic steels with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) up to 2000 MPa. These steels are commonly coated with zinc-based coatings (PHS GI) consisting of multiple Zn–Fe phases to enhance corrosion resistance. However, similar to all high-strength steels, PHS are known for their elevated susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Absorption of atomic hydrogen into the steel lattice can lead to a transition from a ductile to a brittle fracture mechanism and decrease the stress necessary for fracture initiation. This review examines the microstructure of PHS GI with a focus on how the manufacturing process influences key parameters of the coating. The material’s susceptibility to HE is discussed in the following sections, along with the potential for hydrogen introduction through corrosion in atmospheric environments. The relationship between the content of hydrogen and its effects on fracture behavior is discussed, along with the corrosion behavior of PHS GI. The potential areas for future research and development of PHS GI with increased HE resistance are proposed.

Study on the Effect of Dry and Wet Cycle Time Ratio on the Corrosion Behavior of 2198 Aluminum–Lithium Alloy

ABSTRACTThe corrosion of 2198 aluminum–lithium alloy in a marine atmospheric environment was simulated using a wet–dry alternating experimental setup. Weight‐loss measurement methods, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), macroscopic morphology testing, three‐dimensional morphology testing, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the wet–dry alternating corrosion behaviors and mechanisms of 2198 aluminum–lithium alloys under simulated marine atmospheric environment. The results indicate that corrosion weight loss increases with decreasing wet‐to‐dry ratios, accompanied by an increase in the corrosion rate. Various data suggest that the primary corrosion products are composed of Al2O3, AlO(OH), and AlCl3. The reduction in the wet‐to‐dry ratio leads to the enrichment of Cl⁻ within the corrosion products, extending the contact time between the substrate and the medium, thereby intensifying the hydrolysis of Al³⁺. This exacerbates the dissolution at pitting sites, which in turn erodes and breaks down the corrosion product film, accelerating the overall corrosion process.

Insights into the Influence of Tensile and Compressive Strain on the Microstructure and Corrosion Performance of 304 L Stainless Steel

The effects of tensile and compressive strain, originating from U-bent deformation, on the corrosion behavior of 304 L stainless steel were studied via analyses of the material’s microstructure and electrochemistry in a 3.5% NaCl solution. In contrast with the as-received 304 L steel with the largest grain size, the deformed 304 L material with a small grain size had the lowest number of Σ3 grain boundaries and an overall low fraction, with special low-Σ values (≤29). Moreover, the dislocation density increased to 1.13 × 1016/m2 and 1.4 × 1016/m2 for the tensile and compressive 304 L steel testing, respectively. The decrease in Epit and increase in ipit suggested that there was a decrease in anti-corrosion properties due to tensile and compressive deformation. This might be attributed to the higher plastic strain found in deformed 304 L steel, which can induce the rupture of passive film and have a harmful influence on corrosion resistance. In particular, the compressive 304 L steel with the highest content of deformed grains (42.12%) promoted the formation of microgalvanic cells, thereby facilitating the nucleation of pits. Then, these pits grew to a large size through grain shedding. Subsequently, massive chloride ions were generated during metal dissolution and diffused along grain boundaries, which promoted the initiation and propagation of intergranular corrosion cracks.

Localized corrosion behavior on a heterogeneous surface involving multicomponent reactive transport and morphology evolution

AbstractLocalized corrosion sometimes brings about unanticipated and catastrophic damages in petrochemical pipelines and pressure vessels. For localized corrosion modeling, multicomponent reactive transport and corrosion morphology evolution are two arduous problems that involve multi–physical‐(electro) chemical processes along with multi–temporal and spatial scales. In this study, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is employed to shed some light on the evolution of localized corrosion on a heterogeneous surface focusing on the effects of electrolyte ohmic resistance and diffusion. The corrosion pit is always initiated at the junction of anode and cathode sites; however, quite different morphologies are prompted under ohmic control or ohmic‐diffusion control. Under ohmic control, the pit propagates along the interface of the anode and cathode. Under ohmic‐diffusion control, the pathway of reactive species is broadened, and the corrosion morphology is developed into a more regular shape, like a flattened semicircle in 2‐D modeling. This work presents the huge potential of LBM in long‐term corrosion modeling.

Molten sulphate vanadateinduced hot corrosion behaviour of YSZ-reinforced thermal spray coatings at elevated temperature

Molten sulphate vanadateinduced hot corrosion behaviour of YSZ-reinforced thermal spray coatings at elevated temperature

Evaluating the Biodegradability and Cellular Compatibility of Mg-Zn-Nd Alloy for Vascular Stent Application.

The study is designed to evaluate the corrosion behavior, biocompatibility, and cytotoxicity of a novel magnesium alloy, Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd (ZN20), for potential use as biodegradable scaffolding in cerebrovascular stents. Magnesium alloy (AZ31) and ZN20 are co-cultured with Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)and human neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y), respectively. The corrosion of AZ31 and ZN20 in different time periods is detected by electron microscope, the effects of AZ31 and ZN20 on the expression level of inflammatory factors are detected by ELISA, the PH value of cells in each group is detected, and the cell proliferation is detected by cck-8. Cell-related apoptosis protein, the expression of Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31)and VE-cad is detected, and the pathological analysis of rat vascular tissue is carried out by HE experiment. In contrast to the AZ31 group, ZN20 exhibits mild, uniform corrosion and does not significantly deter HUVEC proliferation or increase inflammatory markers and In vivo testing reveals better endothelization with ZN20, as demonstrated by higher expression of endothelial markers CD31, and intact endothelial structure group. Western blotting shows favorable expression levels of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers in the ZN20 group. ZN20 alloy demonstrates enhanced corrosion resistance, favorable endothelial compatibility, and reduced cytotoxicity, endorsing its safe application in vascular stent use.

Corrosion evaluation of Al-Cu-Mn-Zr cast alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution

Corrosion behavior of cast Al-Cu-Mn-Zr (ACMZ) and RR350 alloys was compared to a cast 319 alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl. After 168 h immersion, ACMZ and RR350 alloys suffered from preferential attack adjacent to intermetallic particles decorated at grain boundaries while the attack in 319 occurred in eutectic Al-Si dendritic boundaries. Electrochemical data allowed semiquantitative comparison of alloy resistance to corrosion initiation, and ACMZ type alloys, including RR350 and three alloys with higher Cu, were considered more resistant than 319 due to the absence of deleterious Si particles. In case of 319, such Si particles presumably drove higher micro-galvanic influence to initiate and sustain Al corrosion. With lower susceptibility to corrosion initiation, ACMZ alloys should exhibit higher or at minimum similar resistance compared to cast 319.

Structure and corrosion behavior of FeCoCrNiMo high-entropy alloy coatings prepared by mechanical alloying and plasma spraying

Structure and corrosion behavior of FeCoCrNiMo high-entropy alloy coatings prepared by mechanical alloying and plasma spraying

Research on the Effect of Microstructure Modulation on the Corrosion Resistance Behaviour of L-PBF alloy 718

Abstract The micro-structures and corrosion behavior of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) alloy 718 (power 140W, speed 800 mm/s) after various heat treatments (650 °C, 940 °C, and 1020 °C) were investigated by electrochemical analysis. The result shows that as-received samples, the most prone to pitting corrosion is melt-pool boundary (MPB). The heat treatment at 940°C demonstrates the best corrosion resistance due to the precipitation of a considerable number of needle-like and short rod-like δ phases. This indirectly reduces the dislocation density and defect density of the passivate film, resulting in improved stability and corrosion resistance.

Predicting corrosion current density in magnesium alloy battery anodes: machine learning approach using rapid miner

ABSTRACT Magnesium (Mg) alloys are increasingly recognised for their potential as anode materials in batteries due to their high specific capacity and cost-effectiveness. However, their susceptibility to corrosion poses a significant challenge to practical applications. This study explores the effectiveness of various machine learning models – local polynomial regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, Gradient Boost, and Extreme Gradient Boost – in predicting the corrosion behaviour of Mg alloy battery anodes in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl electrolyte. Experimental data on the corrosion current density of Mg alloys are collected and analysed using the RapidMiner tool for model training and evaluation. The findings highlight that the Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost) model excels among other machine learning techniques in accurately forecasting the corrosion rates of Mg alloys. XGBoost achieves an exceptional R2 value of 0.9931 in Tafel plots, indicating a robust fit to the data as evidenced by scatter plots. Furthermore, the XGBoost model demonstrates strong positive monotonic and ordinal relationships between actual and predicted corrosion current densities, as indicated by a Spearman correlation coefficient of 1 and a Kendall tau coefficient of 0.99. These outcomes underscore XGBoost's potential as a powerful tool for enhancing the understanding and management of corrosion in Mg alloy battery applications.

Comparison of Hot Corrosion Behavior of Ni36Fe34Al17Cr10Mo1Ti2 and Ni34Co25Fe12Al15Cr12W2 Alloys in NaCl–KCl–Na2SO4 Salt

Comparison of Hot Corrosion Behavior of Ni36Fe34Al17Cr10Mo1Ti2 and Ni34Co25Fe12Al15Cr12W2 Alloys in NaCl–KCl–Na2SO4 Salt

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SURFACE OF FACTORY AND HAND-MADE LOOPS ON TITANIUM-MOLYBDENUM ORTHODONTIC ARCHWIRE

The most important part of the brackets, used in orthodontic treatment, is the archwire, which, when activated, generate light and long-lasting biomechanical forces that make the teeth move. Different manufacturers offer ready-made expensive solutions for orthodontists - archwire with loops along the length of the wire of different shape, which increases the cost of treatment. However, orthodontic practice is strictly individual, depending on the patient’s orthodontic problems, the stages and methods of treatment.Orthodontists often have to choose between expensive archwires with pre-made loops or using an archwire that they can manually bend in the right places depending on the patient’s individual characteristics and specific needs. In this case, the orthodontist’s decision depends on preserving the quality of the archwire surface. The surface roughness of the orthodontic archwire plays an important role in the bracket-archwire complex and is an essential factor that determines the effectiveness of the guided movement of the teeth along the arch. Surface roughness not only affects the efficiency of sliding mechanics, due to frictional effects, but also corrosion behaviour and aesthetics. A comparison of the surface characteristics of Ti-Mo archwire - with factory and hand-made loops is made. The surface of the archwire in the bending zones of the loops was investigated by SEM analysis and Surface roughness analysis. The analysis of the results shows that manual bending practically does not change the surface of the archwire, does not introduce additional defects that increase the contact friction, as well as create conditions for faster deterioration of properties and the undesirable breakage of the archwire. Research results give orthodontists confidence that the manual bending process does not degrade the quality of the archwire surface. The hand-bent archwire preserves the possibility of trouble-free movement in the braces when tightening or loosening during the different stages of treatment.

Corrosion Behavior of SLMed Ti6Al4V-Equine Bone Nanocomposites

Ti6Al4V is one of the most widely used Ti alloys in biomedical applications, such as orthopedic and dental implants, due to its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and high corrosion resistance. Metal implants require high bonding strength between the implant and bone for long-term use in the human body; Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has generally been used as it can be expected to provide high osseointegration. However, in this study, Equine Bone (EB), which is a biowaste with a similar chemical composition to HAp and is environmentally friendly, was used instead. Ti6Al4V and EB were mixed through ball milling and then fabricated into Ti6Al4V-0.05EB composites using Selective Laser Melting (SLM). During the SLM process, localized high thermal gradients and rapid cooling rates leads to high strength and low ductility, making it challenging to use as a biomaterial. To overcome these issues, heat treatment was performed at temperatures corresponding to the <i>β</i> phase transformation. Subsequently, to evaluate the corrosion behavior after implantation in the body, the corrosion resistance of the Ti6Al4V-0.05EB nanocomposites was assessed through potentiodynamic polarization tests in a 0.9% NaCl solution, which simulates the physiological environment of the human body. Additionally, the effects of EB addition and heat treatment temperature on the corrosion behavior were also observed.

Improving electrochemical corrosion resistance of AISI 304 using tungsten carbide-cobalt/silicon carbide high-velocity oxygen fuel coatings

This study offers an in-depth analysis of the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of tungsten carbide-cobalt/silicon carbide coatings on AISI 304 stainless steel, applied using high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying. The coatings were produced with varying silicon carbide concentrations (25%, 40%, 60% and 75%) to evaluate their effectiveness in enhancing corrosion resistance. Microstructural analyses were conducted using SEM and EDS, while corrosion behaviour was assessed through open-circuit potential and Tafel tests in a NaCl solution. The findings indicate that increasing the silicon carbide content increases surface roughness and coating thickness. Additionally, the corrosion results revealed that coatings with higher silicon carbide concentrations exhibited more negative potential values, indicating improved corrosion resistance due to passivation effects.

Stabilization and Solidification of Beryllium Waste: Influence of the Cement Composition on the Corrosion of Be Metal

Beryllium metal is used as neutron moderator and reflector or multiplier in certain types of fission or fusion reactors. Dismantling of these reactors will produce radioactive beryllium waste, classified as low- or intermediate-level waste, that will need to be stabilised and solidified before being sent to disposal. The cementation process is under consideration because it may offer a good compromise between simplicity of implementation, cost, and quality of the final cemented wasteform. Nevertheless, knowledge of the corrosion behaviour of Be metal in a cement-based matrix is still limited, partly due to the high toxicity of Be that complicates testing. This study thus investigates Be corrosion in cement suspensions using potentiometry, voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Among the five different investigated systems (Portland cement blended without or with 40 wt.% silica fume, calcium sulfoaluminate clinker blended without or with 15% anhydrite, and calcium aluminate cement), Portland cement blended with 40% silica fume and calcium sulfoaluminate cement comprising 15% anhydrite are the most effective in mitigating beryllium corrosion. They allow reduction in the corrosion current by factors of 4 and 50, respectively, as compared to Portland cement.

Mechanochemical study of a novel Magnesium alloy with trace addition of Gd, Nd, Ce, and La rare-earth and Sr elements

Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn materials micro-alloyed by Gd, Nd, Ce, and La rare-earth and Sr alkaline elements were developed. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, tensile test, immersion, and electrochemical tests were applied to analyze microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior. While the development of the equiaxed grain structures were observed in all the alloys, the Gd-containing alloy showed the smallest grain size and lowest fraction of second phases, which resulted in the highest yield and ultimate tensile strength of 310.0 ± 14.1 and 370.4 ± 41.6 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the corrosion studies also indicated the lowest rates in the Gd, and Nd-containing alloys, with the rates of 3.6 ± 2.5 and 3.9 ± 0.2 mm/y, respectively. The mechanisms of microstructure evolution, strengthening and corrosion behavior were discussed.