Corridor Concept Research Articles

Spatial Structure and Corridor Construction of Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of the Ming Great Wall

Exploring the spatial structure of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and constructing heritage corridors are conducive to the adaptive reuse of heritage and the improvement of the surviving environment, which is of great significance to the living inheritance of ICH. Guided by the concept of the heritage corridor, this study took the ICH along the Ming Great Wall as the research object. Kernel density estimation and a standard deviation ellipse analysis were used to explore the spatial structure and then combined with a suitability analysis of heritage corridors to further explore the spatial locations of corridors. A multifactor spatial superposition was carried out with the minimal cumulative resistance (MCR) method. The resistance factors, including land use type, elevation, slope, road system, river system, and the heritage corridors, were constructed. The results show that: (1) ICH along the Ming Great Wall forms a spatial pattern of “three cores and one belt”. The high-density core areas exist in Beijing and Liaoning, and the secondary core areas exist in northern Ningxia and southwestern Inner Mongolia. This results from the joint action of the natural, economic, and social environment. (2) On the whole, all kinds of ICH are distributed from southwest to northeast, among which folk art is particularly obvious. (3) The distribution trend of suitability is “high in the east and low in the west”. The high-suitability areas are mainly concentrated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Liaoning regions, while the low-suitability areas are concentrated in Gansu, Ningxia, and northern Inner Mongolia. Finally, this study discusses the appropriate development mode of the heritage corridors of the Ming Great Wall from the macrolevel to the mesolevel.

Anti-jamming trajectory design for UAV-enabled wireless sensor networks using communication flight corridor

This paper investigates the anti-jamming trajectory design to safeguard the effective data collection, where a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is dispatched to collect data over multiple sensor nodes(SNs) in jamming environment. Under the limited power and transmission range of SNs, we aim to minimize the UAV's flight energy consumption in a finite task period, by jointly optimizing SNs collection sequence and UAV flight trajectory. Firstly, we propose a general optimization framework which consists of path planning and trajectory optimization for the formulated non-convex problem. In the path planning phase, a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm is used to provide the initial path of the UAV, which is the shortest path to visit each SN. In the trajectory optimization phase, we introduce the concept of Communication Flight Corridor (CFC) to meet the non-convex constraints and apply a piecewise Bezier curve, based on Bernoulli polynomial, to represent the flight trajectory of the UAV, which can transform the optimization variables from infinite time variables to polynomial coefficients of finite order. Finally, we simulate the flight trajectory of UAV in hovering mode and continuous flight mode under different parameters, and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Typology and Modeling Profiles of AS-Class Process-Entity Interactions: Object Actualization and Base Schema Adaptation

The ability of objects engages in specific interactions, as one of the object properties, referred to as readiness (applicability), always restricts by the "windows of capabilities" — the temporal corridors during which these interactions can take place. The beginning and duration of a single corridor, correlated with an object and the predicted interaction, at any given time depends on a finite number of temporal corridors belonging to other objects and interactions. Thus, the coherence of the process-entity interactions ensemble is achieved not only by setting materialization relationships, but also by synchronizing them in time. To study and model readiness, covering all types and associations involved in the interactions of the assembling class, the work uses "On" and "Off" timestamps tied to an abstract timeline. The contributions of our study are threefold. First of all, substantiation in the expediency of using such an object property as readiness in conceptual modeling. Second, the system of generic temporal constraints that secure the data reliability and correctness. Third, the concept of temporal corridors and the method of the latter calculation, which allows you to find acceptable boundaries for changing the values of temporal attributes in case of updating them. We have shown one of the options for adapting the generalized assembly process in a given application domain and the specific domain constraint that can arise in this case using an example from practice.

Humanitarian Corridors

In the absence of a normative framework, the concept of humanitarian corridors lacks a consistent definition and is highly vulnerable to political interpretation. The notion underwent multiple semantic shifts, from referring to a right of passage in situations of armed conflict, to an appeal to facilitated access in the face of bordure closures or bureaucratic constraints. The diverse range of situations in reference to which the terms ‘humanitarian corridor’, ‘relief corridor’ or ‘access corridor’ are used, often interchangeably, is matched only by the diverse range of actors that use them. Calls for their opening have become so common that corridors seem increasingly considered a relevant modality of humanitarian action despite much ambiguity around what they are expected to achieve, how much protection they offer, and how they are likely to affect the overall dynamic of conflicts. Meant to allow the unobstructed deployment of humanitarian aid and/or the evacuation of civilians, humanitarian corridors are by definition temporary and limited in geographical scope. As such, they are a timid assertion of the principle of free access to victims, prone to manipulation by belligerents or third parties to serve war strategies or to project an image of civility. Looking at the wide array of its application in history, the author puts the use of the concept into perspective, drawing on a variety of examples to illustrate how both the idea and its implementation have been problematic. A few operational recommendations are then derived from this analysis for humanitarian practitioners to consider and adapt in light of their particular context.

Are several small wildlife crossing structures better than a single large? Arguments from the perspective of large wildlife conservation

Crossing structures for large wildlife are increasingly being constructed at major roads and railways in many countries and current guidelines for wildlife mitigation at linear infrastructures tend to advocate for large crossing structures sited at major movement corridors for the target species. The concept of movement corridors has, however, been challenged and pinching animal movements into bottlenecks entails risks. In this paper, I address the SLOSS dilemma of road ecology, i.e. the discussion whether a Single Large Or Several Small crossing structures along a linear barrier would produce the most benefit for wildlife, using the case of crossing structures for large wildlife in Sweden. I point out risks, ecological as well as practical, with investing in one large crossing structure and list a number of situations where it may be more beneficial to distribute the conservation efforts in the landscape by constructing several smaller crossing structures; for example, when the ecological knowledge is insufficient, when animal interactions are expected to be significant, when the landscape changes over time or when future human development cannot be controlled. I argue that such situations are often what infrastructure planning faces and that the default strategy, therefore, should be to distribute, rather than to concentrate passage opportunities along major transport infrastructures. I suggest that distributing passage opportunities over several smaller crossing structures would convey a risk diversification and that this strategy could facilitate the planning of wildlife mitigation. What to choose would however depend on, inter alia, landscape composition and ecology and on relationships amongst target species. A single large structure should be selected where it is likely that it can serve a large proportion of target animals and where the long-term functionality of the crossing structure can be guaranteed. New research is needed to support trade-offs between size and number of crossing structures. Cost-effectiveness analyses of wildlife crossing structures are currently rare and need to be further explored. Camera trapping and video surveillance of crossing structures provide opportunities to analyse details concerning, for example, any individual biases according to sex, age, status and grouping and any antagonism between species and individuals. Wildlife ecology research needs to better address questions posed by road and railway planning regarding the importance of specific movement routes and movement distances.

Subarctic Corridors in Northern Quebec: Is the Canadian Northern Corridor Concept Aligned with Quebec’s Historical Development?

Proposals for infrastructure development in Canada’s North are gaining political traction, including a corridor connecting the northern regions of each of the country’s provinces. Quebec is Canada’s largest, northernmost province and would be pivotal in the construction of the corridor. Examining the historical phases of Quebec’s northern development is crucial in assessing the challenges ahead. This paper groups Quebec’s infrastructure developments into three main phases, synthesizes each phase, and critically compares them to the proposed Northern Corridor concept (NCC). No research has yet examined the NCC’s complementarity with Quebec’s history of northern infrastructure development. While previous phases could be categorized as intraprovincial penetration corridors linking northern to southern Quebec, the NCC aims to develop an interprovincial economic corridor for landlocked provinces to be able to gain better sea access. Obstacles arising from the conciliation of past developments with the NCC include the unfitness of using existing infrastructures in Quebec for a Pan-Canadian corridor and differing development trajectories at the provincial and federal levels. Three route options for the NCC in Quebec are presented in this study. More generally, this paper outlines difficulties specific to subarctic remote corridor development.

Eco-design concept of street corridors as a city image forming

Street corridor landscape is an important part of open space for city sustainability but is often neglected in urban development. Road corridors, connecting urban spaces can act as city gates because they provide a visual impact on the city. Urban road corridors are places for people with different social backgrounds, ages, and genders to engage in activities. The road corridor should play an important role in shaping the image of the city because it becomes a visual display case for the city gate. This article aims to find out the researchers’ views on the eco-design concept of road corridor landscapes that form the image of the city. The eco-design concept was proposed as an answer to the environmental, energy efficiency, and sustainability issues that are currently emerging, this is in line with the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive method, describing secondary data from research journals about the concept of ecodesign. The conclusion shows that the urban road corridor landscape can be arranged and improved with an eco-design concept strategy to improve the image of the city towards a sustainable city.

Meta-Organizations and Evolution of Corridor Governance. Study of the Dakar-Bamako Logistic-Port Axis

This paper deals with the importance of the implementation of meta-organi- zations on the governance of corridors with a particular case which is the Dakar-Bamako corridor. Firstly, the document deals with the notion of meta-organization and its consequences on the organization and on the evolution of the concept of corridor. And on this basis, justify how the meta- organization is the model that best adapts to the corridor compared to the concept of district and business ecosystem. To study this Dakar-Bamako corridor and its evolution towards a meta-organization, we conducted a qualitative study with the collection of primary data with the administration of 14 interview guides addressed to members representing the organizations, but also secondary data by using a bibliographical review and reports from ECOWAS and UEMOA, but also documents from bilateral cooperation between Senegal and Mali. The analysis of the results of an empirical study built on several stakeholders (regular actors and user actors) who are complementary in practice makes it possible, subsequently, to identify specificities in the issues that lead organizations to have to constitute themselves as a meta-organization. Commonalities are also emerging such as the increase in coordination functions and the establishment of simpler and more responsive organizational systems to facilitate governance in order to have effective and efficient transport execution throughout the corridor.

Research on the Cultural Landscape of Xinjiang Section of the Silk Road

Overlooking the section of the Silk Road in Xinjiang, as the largest span of linear, multi-dimensional cultural landscape, historical heritage and ecological corridor in Xinjiang, it is a huge heritage complex of human culture influencing on the natural landscape. This paper introduces the concept of cultural landscape corridor, taking into account the organic connection between landscape ecology and heritage protection, strengthens the understanding of local social structure and regional culture in Xinjiang, spatially integrates cultural landscape and linear historical relics.

A New Design Concept of an Ecological Corridor for Frogs to Improve Ecological Conservation

Ecological corridors are an essential element in conserving the biodiversity and proper functioning of ecosystems. Without their connectivity, a very large number of species would not have access to all of the habitats needed for their life cycles. Although the concept of an ecological corridor has been discussed for many years, few studies on ecological corridors for frogs have been conducted. Frogs are often considered to be a keystone species. They are a good indicator of habitat health, and they are often the first to be harmed by pollution or ecosystem deterioration. However, there have been reports of frogs crossing ecological corridors and being attacked or consumed by natural enemies. It is vital to create ecological corridors for frogs that allow them to migrate quickly and safely. The purpose of this study was to propose a new ecological corridor design concept for frogs to address the limitations mentioned above. In this paper, grey system theory was employed to offer the necessary information for the frog ladder’s design. In addition, the frog’s high jump capacity and its defense mechanisms against natural enemies were used to determine the rest space and shelter.

The economic corridors paradigm as extractivism: Four theses for a historical materialist framework

AbstractEconomic corridors are under construction across the planet. Trillions of dollars are being spent and they will have significant implications for international politics and, ultimately, world order. However, there has been limited conceptual work on them to date, especially in International Relations. This article contributes to that gap by explaining the dominant rationale before offering a conceptualisation of economic corridors as an essentially extractivist paradigm. This counter-hegemonic proposition revolves around four relational theses: (1) economic corridors are a ‘fix’ for crises of capitalism; (2) economic corridors exacerbate class struggle; (3) economic corridors are tools for exploitation; (4) economic corridors facilitate financial extraction. In so doing it unmasks the dominant rationale as ideological cover for valorisation and accumulation based on extractive and exploitative relations with human and extra-human nature. Rather than contributing to inclusive and sustainable development as proponents claim, the article contends economic corridors reinforce power asymmetries between states, countries, and classes, thereby extending and entrenching processes of uneven and combined development. The argument is substantiated with empirical reference to mainland Southeast Asia but aims to advance understanding of extractive dynamics integral to the concept of economic corridors and hence operative worldwide.

Regenerating the Historic Urban Landscape through Circular Bottom-Up Actions: The Urban Seeding Process in Rijeka

The increasing pressure on urban resilience and the parallel interest in the preservation of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) have opened new frontiers of research that find, in the principles of the circular economy, good responses. Cities need to remake themselves from pure consumption to more resilient and circular centers, finding inspiration in their cultural and natural heritage and the history that generated it. The City of Rijeka, Croatia, one of the partners in the CLIC project (an EU-funded Horizon 2020 research project entitled “Circular models Leveraging Investments in Cultural heritage adaptive reuse”), represents an exceptional example of how to manage the change from an industrial port city to a more sustainable and citizen-oriented living space, looking at the potentials of the cultural and historical layers as opportunities for the population. The City of Rijeka, aware of such potentials, applied successfully as a European Capital of Culture 2020 (ECoC 2020), while unlikely facing the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Rijeka, thanks to the CLIC Heritage Innovative Partnership (HIP) program, the efforts to associate the circular economy and historic urban landscape benefit from an exceptional local awareness of the urban cultural and natural heritage, permitting the elaboration of the cultural corridor concept. By using the historical river of the city, the Rječina, as a connecting line of several heritage assets leading toward the Sea waterfront, the cultural corridor represents a space of culture creation based on continuity and proximity, where all citizens can securely reappropriate dismissed parts of the city, similar to the commons’ management practice. The cultural corridor has been imagined as a spatial implementation model that needs actions to be actuated. A set of actions was designed through the urban seeding process, tested in a workshop methodology, meant to address the HUL regeneration through an awareness-raising and cocreation approach by codesigning through situated learning, possible permanent or temporary actions, activities, assets to be replicated in the corridor and, per extension, in the entire city. This article will explain the way the cultural corridor concept and urban seeding were generated in the City of Rijeka, giving evidence of the motivations and the proposals made in parallel with the existing initiatives of the city and its cultural movements.

INDICATORS FOR ECONOMIC CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT: AN APPROACH FROM INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATION AND SERVICES PERFORMANCE INDICATOR

The concept of economic corridor was introduced to be a breakthrough in the acceleration of economy development of the designated areas. The success of an economic corridor to grow further is determined by the performance of infrastructure, corridor services, and management of the corridor. The study aims at explaining the concept and process development of assessment tools to identify the service readiness and performances of Infrastructure to support development progress of corridors. A desk study has been conducted to identify parameters of measurements using public, government, and user views that might apply to Indonesian Economic Corridor. All parameters and indicators were selected on the basis of supply performances, quality of services, efficiency, utilization, and sustainability of the infrastructure. The study results in 9 outcomes and 31 infrastructure services indicators to be used in measuring corridor performance in relation infrastructure operations of the corridor. This only one side of the corridor performance assessment process but would be one of two important steps to able to assess the performance of Indonesian Economic Corridor grow beyond.

Constraints in the Canadian Transport Infrastructure Grid

The corridor concept aims at reducing the costs, duplication, and delays associated with the construction of transportation and ancillary infrastructure. These include diversification of export markets, supporting indigenous and northern development, expanding interregional and international trade, enhancing northern security and relieving bottlenecks and constraints to the existing transportation infrastructure grid. In support of the Canadian Northern Corridor research agenda, the purpose of this study is to compile a review and evaluation of the constraints impairing the Canadian transport infrastructure grid. It identifies and evaluates the existing and expected bottlenecks and constraints in terminals (ports and airports), connectors (road, rail, and pipelines), and ancillary infrastructure (power transmission and telecommunications). It also outlines the opportunities and constraints for infrastructure development in a potential corridor.

Cooling the city with “natural wind”: Construction strategy of Urban Ventilation Corridors in China

“Building urban ventilation corridors” has been written into the overall planning of many cities such as Beijing, but the concept of urban ventilation corridors is not well known yet. Therefore, some misunderstandings were produced such as “Does the construction of urban ventilation corridors require large demolition?” or “Weather it is only be engaged in idle theorizing?”To answer these questions, the existing research results were reviewed and some cases of building urban ventilation corridors in China were analyzed. In this study, some common questions like “What is urban ventilation corridors?” “Why the government need to build it?” “What strategies should be followed?” and “How is the effect?” were answered.

Creating context for corridors of consumption: the case of Ireland

Global consumption levels are significant contributors to detrimental environmental change and the current climate crisis. Across Ireland, domestic consumption levels have increased dramatically during the past three decades. Public discourse has focused primarily on minimum levels of consumption, with media outlets frequently reporting on minimum wages and acceptable minimum levels of food, shelter, and healthcare. A dearth of dialogue exists on the concept of maximum levels of consumption. This article proffers that the concept of consumption corridors provides a timely lens to initiate discussion and to critically consider the potential of ascertaining maximum levels of consumption across Ireland. Drawing on analyses of an extensive database of 1,500 households across two policy regions − Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland − we argue that there is no single universally just and ecologically sustainable way of setting limits to consumption. Numerous factors must be considered including scale, policy influences, cultural understandings, and varying expectations of standards of living and quality of life. The article reports on participants’ perceptions of material items as needs and satisfiers and aims to advance methodological applications of the consumption-corridors concept. This study offers evidence highlighting a need for tailored sustainability policies.

The Modular Concept in Skull Base Surgery: Anatomical Basis of the Median, Paramedian and Lateral Corridors.

Introduction:A thorough understanding of skull base anatomy is imperative to perform safely and effectively any skull base approach. In this article, we examine the microsurgical anatomy of the skull base by proposing a modular topographic organization in the median, paramedian, and lateral surgical corridors in relation to transcranial and endoscopic approaches.Methods:Five dry skulls were studied focusing on the intracranial and exocranial skull base. Two lines were drawn parallel to the lateral border of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and foramen lacerum, respectively. Lines 1 and 2 delimited the median, paramedian and lateral corridors of the skull base. The bony structures that formed each corridor were carefully reviewed in relation to the planning and execution of the skull base transcranial and endoscopic approaches.Results:The midline corridor involves the crista galli, cribriform plate, planum and jugum sphenoidale, chiasmatic sulcus, tuberculum sellae, sellar region, dorsum sellae, clivus, and foramen magnum. The paramedian corridor includes the fovea ethmoidalis, the root of the lesser and greater sphenoid wing, anterior clinoid process, foramen lacerum, the upper half of the petro-occipital suture, and jugular tubercle. The lateral corridors include the orbital plates, sphenoid wings, squamosal and petrous parts of the temporal bone, caudal aspect of the petro-occipital suture, internal auditory canal, jugular foramen, the sulcus of the sigmoid sinus.Conclusion:In-depth three-dimensional knowledge of skull base anatomy based on the modular concept of the surgical corridors is critical for the planning and execution of the transcranial and endoscopic approaches.

A corridors and power-oriented perspective on energy-service demand and needs satisfaction

In this article, we explore the concept of consumption corridors as it might apply to energy use, with specific attention to both wellbeing and power relations. We employ the distinction between energy provisioning and human-need satisfaction to explore different configurations of energy use, as well as their possible dynamics. Specifically, we draw on past research documenting the benefits of decoupling our thinking about energy services and needs satisfaction and use it as a basis to identify scenarios characterized by different degrees of access to energy services and levels of resource demand. We then translate this perspective to the logic of sustainable consumption corridors. We delineate how minimum and maximum consumption standards would relate to combinations of energy-service demand and needs-satisfier access. Finally, we explore how power dynamics, specifically exercises of discursive power, might move societal trajectories toward sustainable combinations of energy provisioning and needs satisfaction or away from them.

Are liberal objections to consumption corridors justified? On the relation of freedom and limits in green liberal thought

The concept of consumption corridors proposes minimum and maximum limits to consumption on the normative premises of justice, human wellbeing, and guarantees of a good life for all. A central objection to the idea is that limits on resource use would interfere broadly with liberal freedoms, and consumption corridors would thus not be compatible with a liberal democratic setting. This claim rests on the assumption that protecting liberal freedom rights and enforcing limits constitute opposing forces. Here, liberal freedom is equated with the expansion of (unlimited) options of choice: the more options people have, and the fewer limits that are imposed on them, the greater the overall level of freedom. Therefore, discussions of limits are often reduced to negative restrictions and undemocratic demands. To problematize this rationale, we argue that in most liberal accounts, freedom and limits are mutually supportive of each other, and that the understanding of freedom as “the absence of limits” is in fact a particular understanding that has become dominant. Against this backdrop, we develop the notion of” green liberal freedom” that posits limits as a core concern of liberal understandings of freedom. We suggest that the recognition of the environment as “provider of basic needs,” democratic deliberation, and capability to reflect upon and judge conflicting values in light of individual and collective versions of the good life are important “building blocks” of an adjusted concept of freedom that is at once compatible with liberal thought and in support of the negotiation and implementation of consumption corridors.

Building the bridge between Protected Needs and consumption corridors

The concept of consumption corridors (CC) provides a fundament for developing sustainable consumption policies. It suggests to determine minima and maxima of consumption. Its implementation would lead to numerous policies covering a broad range of dimensions of consumption. To serve this purpose, the concept must proceed from a broad conceptualization of consumption that convincingly links a human-action lens and a natural-environment lens. The concept of CC is informed by the goal of ensuring quality of life for every human being living now and in the future. Accordingly, quality of life should be the criterion used to justify and determine corridors of consumption. This necessitates firmly linking consumption and a salutogenic definition of quality of life. This article explores how the theory of Protected Needs (PN), a quality-of-life-theory that has been specifically developed for the context of sustainability, contributes to advancing the concept of CC. In addition, drawing on the results of a Swiss survey, we show that embracing the existence of universal and incontestable human needs and endorsing the idea of limiting consumption might be part of the same worldview. The article concludes by identifying conceptual challenges to approach with a view to building a robust bridge from needs to lower and upper limits of consumption.