Correlation Model Research Articles

Proposal of a Correlation Model Integrating FDRM and CLSCM Practices and Performance Measures: A Case Study from the Automotive Battery Industry in Brazil

The field of closed-loop supply chain management (CLSCM) seeks to replace the linear flow of materials and energy with a cyclical model in which the outputs of the production system become inputs to the same system, thus closing the cycle of materials and energy within the supply chain. Current literature on CLSCM reports a wide variety of practices, and combining these practices with environmental performance measures is an ongoing challenge, mainly because results from these practices are often diffuse and linking them with performance results is not a straightforward task. This paper addresses this problem by proposing a model to prioritize CLSCM practices and performance measures. The correlation model integrating the fuzzy direct rating method (FDRM) and CLSCM practices and performance measures was tested in a real company that is part of a closed-loop supply chain that recycles lead obtained from automotive batteries in Brazil. The results allowed the identification of which management practices are more relevant to the organization by correlating their impact with performance measures. The most relevant practices for the company under study were demand forecasting, with 21.68% of relative importance, followed by reverse logistics practices (21.15%) and production planning and control (18.16%). Another relevant finding is that upstream performance measures account for 77.72% of the company’s CLSCM performance.

Machine learning validation of a simple prediction model for the correlation between advanced age and clinical outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Adverse effects of advanced age and poor initial neurological status on outcomes of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have been documented. While a predictive model of the non-linear correlation between advanced age and clinical outcome has been reported, no previous model has been validated. Therefore, we created a prediction model of the non-linear correlation between advanced age and clinical outcome by machine learning and validated it using a separate cohort. Data of aneurysmal SAH patients treated by surgical clipping or endovascular coiling between 2003 and 2019 were obtained from the Japanese Stroke Databank (derivation cohort, n = 9,657) and "Predict for Outcome Study of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage" (validation cohort, n = 5,085). Generalized additive models (GAMs) for poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 3 at discharge) were fitted with age transformation using spline curves for each World Federation of Neurological Societies grade. The discrimination property and calibration plot of unadjusted and adjusted models were assessed using the validation cohort. The derivation and validation cohorts included 3,610 and 3,251 patients, respectively. Regarding discrimination, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the derivation and validation cohorts were 0.835 and 0.827, respectively, in the unadjusted model and 0.844 and 0.836, respectively, in the adjusted model. An unbiased correlation was confirmed between predicted and observed probabilities of poor outcomes. GAM could help visualize the correlation between age and clinical outcomes. Our prediction model can quantitatively aid in treatment decision-making and can be effective for most diseases and treatment settings. Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (Date 2/22/2022/ ID, UMIN000046282 number, R000052809 URL, https//www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm) and the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (Date 3/28/2022 /No. jRCT1060210092 URL, https//jrct.niph.go.jp/).

Distribution of spinal damage in patients with axial spondyloarthritis as assessed by MRI: a prospective and blinded study

BackgroundAxial spondyloarthritis (SpA) leads to structural bone lesions in every part of the vertebral column. These lesions are only partially visualized on conventional radiographs, omitting posterior parts of the vertebral column and the thoracic spine, that may nevertheless contribute to impaired spinal mobility and function in patients with axial SpA.MethodsIn this prospective and blinded investigation, we assessed the distribution of structural spinal lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the whole spine in 55 patients with axial SpA classified according to the Assessment in Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria. After assessment of spinal mobility and function two blinded radiologists independently evaluated MRIs of 23 vertebral units in every patient. Non-parametric statistical methods, Spearman‘s correlation and linear regression models were used to analyze structural lesion distribution and the relationship with clinical spinal mobility and function parameters.ResultsIn 55 patients with axial SpA (13 females, average disease duration 14.9 years) 657 ventral and 139 dorsal vertebral body structural bone lesions and, notably, 534 facet joint lesions could be visualized. The median number of lesions per patient was higher in the thoracic (8.5, range 1.0–41.0) than in the lumbar (7.5, range 0.0-27.5) and the cervical spine (3.5, range 0.0-24.5). A negative correlation was noted between the number of osteoproliferative structural bone lesions and impairment of spinal mobility and function in univariate, but not in multivariate analyses.ConclusionMRI of the whole spine revealed a high prevalence of lesions in dorsal parts of the vertebral column and in the thoracic spine in patients with axial SpA that may not be adequately visualized on conventional radiographs. These findings could further contribute to a better understanding of reduced mobility of the spine typically associated with axial SpA and assist diagnostics.

Communication Strategies as a Catalyst for Trust Building During Banking Mergers: Lessons from Nepalese Bank

This study investigates the key determinants of customer satisfaction in the post-merger context ofNIC Asia Bank and Kumari Bank, with a focus on technological innovation, employee competence, andcommunication strategies. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as Expectancy Disconfirmation Theoryand Post-Merger Integration Theory, the study integrates cultural integration as a moderating variable. Usinga stratified random sampling method, data were collected from 500 respondents representing diversecustomer segments. Quantitative analyses, including descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression models,reveal that employee competence (β = 0.50) is the most significant driver of satisfaction, followed bycommunication strategies (β = 0.40) and technological innovation (β = 0.35). Cultural integration (β = 0.20)amplifies these relationships, enhancing the customer experience during organizational transitions. Findingshighlight significant urban-rural disparities, with urban customers favoring digital banking and ruralcustomers relying on traditional services. Accessibility challenges were particularly pronounced in rural areas.This study provides actionable recommendations for banks navigating mergers, emphasizing the need forimproved digital infrastructure, tailored communication, workforce training, and cultural alignment to ensuresustained customer satisfaction and loyalty. These insights contribute to academic discourse and offer practicalstrategies for the financial sector.

Comparison of the asymmetric multifractal behavior of green and U.S. bonds against benchmark financial assets

Presently, financial portfolio managers lack a solid basis for building a reliable risk management strategy for green debt instrument investments due to the lack of compelling growth and resilience data. Therefore, this study assesses the role of green bonds in financial markets by assessing and correlating their complex scaling behaviors across multiple periods with those of key benchmark assets (e.g., conventional bonds, high-yield bonds, Euro-Dollar exchange, Dow Jones Industrial Index, Bitcoin, and Gold). Specifically, we explore linear and nonlinear correlation patterns using cross-correlation tests and the dynamic conditional correlation model, focusing on bond interactions under various degrees of freedom. Our analysis reveals that although most assets exhibit nonlinear correlations, Bitcoin uniquely aligns linearly with U.S. bonds under certain conditions. Green bonds, however, display nonlinear correlations with Bitcoin and stand out for their distinct upward financial persistence. We find also that green bonds are primary drivers in the financial domain, highlighted by their pronounced interactions and the consistent cross-correlation with the Euro-Dollar exchange rate. Moreover, green bonds have the lowest multifractality, showing persistent upward trends and antipersistent downward trends, rendering them quite resilient during periods of high volatility. These results imply that green bonds may be advantageous to portfolio risk management strategies, especially during crises when diversification and hedging tactics are needed.

Molecular Characterization, Oxidative Stress-Mediated Genotoxicity, and Hemato-Biochemical Changes in Domestic Water Buffaloes Naturally Infected with Trypanosoma evansi Under Field Conditions

(1) Background: Surra is a debilitating disease of wild and domestic animals caused by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi), resulting in significant mortality and production losses in the affected animals. This study is the first to assess the genetic relationships of T. evansi in naturally affected buffaloes from Multan district, Pakistan, using ITS-1 primers and evaluating the effects of parasitemia and oxidative stress on DNA damage and hematobiochemical changes in infected buffaloes. (2) Methods: Blood samples were collected from 167 buffaloes using a multi-stage cluster sampling strategy, and trypomastigote identification was performed through microscopy and PCR targeting RoTat 1.2 and ITS-1 primers. Molecular characterization involved ITS-1 via neighbor-joining analysis. The impact of parasitemia loads was correlated with oxidative stress markers, genotoxicity, and hematobiochemical parameters using Pearson correlation and multivariable regression models. (3) Results: Field-stained thin blood film microscopy and molecular identification revealed 8.98% and 10.18% infection rates, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS-1 region sequences of the identified isolates showed close genetic associations with Indian isolates. The mean trypomastigote count observed in the infected buffaloes was 5.15 × 106 (±5.3 × 102)/µL of blood. The parasitemia loads were significantly correlated with the alterations in oxidative stress markers, DNA damage, and changes in hematobiochemical parameters. Infected animals exhibited significant (p < 0.05) alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers, including catalase, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde concentrations. Noteworthily, a comet assay revealed a significantly (p < 0.0001) higher mean genetic damage index in the infected buffaloes (0.7 ± 0.04) compared with the healthy ones (0.196 ± 0.004). Alongside significant (p < 0.05) reductions in red cell indices, a marked elevation in leukocyte counts and serum hepatic enzyme levels was recorded in the affected buffaloes. (4) Conclusion: T. evansi isolates of buffaloes from Multan, Pakistan, have genetic similarities to Indian isolates. This study also revealed that higher parasitemia loads induce genotoxicity in the infected animals through oxidative stress and cause hematobiochemical alterations under natural field conditions.

Relationship between perceived organizational support and psychological well-being of municipal employees: the mediating role of job boredom

Introduction: The effectiveness of the municipality and its employees, as the key entity in the urban management framework, significantly influences the quality of life and citizen engagement; consequantly, this study aimed to explore the mediating effect of job boredom on the relationship between perceived organizational support and the psychological well-being of municipal employees. Materials and Methods: The approach of descriptive research involved correlational modeling using structural equations. The statistical population comprised all 500 employees of Tehran Municipality in 2022, according to Karjesi and Morgan’s table, 220 individuals (92 women and 128 men) were chosen using convenience sampling. The instruments utilized in the research included job boredom scale (Rijsiger et al., 2012), perceived organizational support (Eisenberg et al., 1986) and psychological well-being (Reif, 1989). Data analysis utilized the Pearson correlation method, structural modeling and partial least squares algorithm (Smart PLS3) along with the software SPSS16. Results: The results indicated that the overall research model aligned well with the experimental data. The findings showed that job boredom and perceived organizational support can directly predict psychological well-being (p<0.001). Additionally,, the indirect influence of perceived organizational support through job boredom on psychological well-being was significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The research findings indicate that job boredom and perceived organizational support are crutial factors in predicting psychological well-being, and counseling and psychotherapy centers should focus more on these variables whenassessing the psychological well-being of employees.

Remodeling and Characterization Analysis of Corticospinal Tract in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Basal Ganglia.

To investigate corticospinal tract (CST) injury and remodeling in patients with basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and explore the characterization capabilities of the corresponding parameters. In this prospective study, baseline, scale, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data were collected from patient cohorts. Participants were stratified into favorable (0-3 points) and unfavorable (4-6 points) prognosis groups, based on Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after 3-6months. The analysis of DWI data was conducted employing FSL and DSI Studio software to compare CST injury between the prognosis groups and CST remodeling features. A partial correlation model was deployed to elucidate the characterization capability of CST-related parameters. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors significantly influencing prognosis. A total of 65 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 53.52years and a median hematoma volume of 23.60ml. The 44 patients were classified within the favorable prognosis group, demonstrating a statistically significant difference in their lower mean age (P = 0.002). Additionally, 10 patients underwent DWI review with a mean age of 50.30years and a median hematoma volume of 18.56ml. The investigation uncovered evidence of CST damage versus remodeling at the group level, respectively, with statistical significance (FDR-corrected P < 0.05, 10,000 permutations). The fractional anisotropy (FA) ratio in the internal capsule region exhibited moderate correlation with motor function (r = 0.507, P < 0.001) and the 3- to 6-month mRS scores (r = - 0.318, P < 0.013). Furthermore, binary logistic regression analysis identified the FA rate in the internal capsule as a significant influencing factor of prognosis (odds ratio = 1.027, 95% confidence interval = 1.003-1.052, P = 0.025). Basal ganglia ICH can coincide with injury to the CST, which could undergo repair over time. Additionally, the FA ratio of the internal capsule is a potential biomarker to characterize residual motor function and provide prognostic information.

Solid dispersion of alectinib HCl: preclinical evaluation for improving bioavailability and establishing an IVIVC model

Objective Alectinib HCl (ALB-HCl) is a BCS class IV molecule with low solubility and low oral bioavailability. Owing to its low bioavailability, a high dose of ALB-HCl is recommended with food to meet clinical efficacy. Thus, there is a need for a delivery system to overcome the bioavailability concerns. Methods Three solid dispersion (SD) formulations (I, II, and III) were evaluated for in-vitro dissolution and in-vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) study in Wistar rats. An in-vitro and in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) model was developed to establish a relationship between in-vitro dissolution data and in-vivo PK data. The formulations were subjected to stability studies. Results All formulations showed enhanced dissolution in all the media except Formulation I in FaSSIF media. In-vivo PK studies displayed that Formulation I was inferior to API alone. Formulations II and III (amorphous SD [ASD]) exhibited two-fold higher Cmax and AUC0–last than API alone. Level A IVIVC model was established for Cmax and AUC0–last with an acceptable % prediction error (PE). When evaluated for external predictability, the model was found validated for Cmax (% PE <10%), however, it was inconclusive for AUC0–last (%PE −14.03). Stability studies showed ASD formulations were stable during storage. Conclusion A stable ASD formulation of ALB-HCl was successfully developed with improved bioavailability. Developing an IVIVC model can act as a surrogate to predict in-vivo performance. The selection of formulation components in ASD shall be rationalized for bioavailability and stability before clinical evaluation.

The Role of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Recurrent Chronic Otitis Media: A Cross-Sectional Study of Anatomical and Functional Variations.

Background/Objectives: Recurrent chronic otitis media (rCOM) is a major cause of hearing impairment, often linked to Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction. Anatomical abnormalities, such as ET narrowing and obstructions, and functional impairments, including poor pressure regulation, play significant roles in rCOM recurrence. This study aimed to (1) identify anatomical variations of the ET in patients with rCOM using high-resolution imaging; (2) evaluate ET functional status using tympanometry, tubomanometry, and ET function tests; and (3) assess the correlation between anatomical variations and functional impairments in predicting rCOM recurrence. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 212 patients with rCOM and 212 controls. High-resolution CT and MRI were used to assess ET anatomy, while functional status was evaluated using tympanometry, tubomanometry, and Valsalva maneuver tests. Statistical analyses, including t-tests, Pearson correlation, and Cox proportional hazards models, were applied to examine the relationship between anatomical and functional impairments and rCOM recurrence. Results: Significant anatomical differences were observed in the rCOM group, including ET narrowing (24.53% vs. 11.32%, p = 0.014) and curvature (32.08% vs. 14.15%, p < 0.001). Functional impairments were also more prominent in rCOM patients, with higher ET opening pressure (120.56 ± 14.34 dPa vs. 85.78 ± 12.98 dPa, p < 0.001) and lower Valsalva maneuver success rates (62.32% vs. 89.56%, p < 0.001). Cox regression indicated that anatomical and functional impairments significantly predicted faster recurrence (HR for tympanometry peak pressure = 1.56, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The ETs anatomical and functional impairments are significant predictors of rCOM recurrence. A combined assessment of these factors can improve diagnostic accuracy and guide more targeted interventions to prevent recurrence.

The Protective Role of Ambient Ultraviolet Radiation Against Dementia: An Ecological Analysis of Global Data.

This study investigates the global impact of ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on dementia incidence, addressing its controversial association with dementia risk. UVR, through both vitamin D-dependent and independent mechanisms, influences physiological processes essential for brain health, such as reducing neuroinflammation, improving sleep regulation, and enhancing neuroplasticity. This study aims to clarify the relationship between UVR and dementia incidence and evaluate its role in public health strategies for dementia prevention. An ecological analysis across 204 countries was conducted using country-specific data on UVR levels and dementia incidence rates. Bivariate analysis, partial correlation, and multiple linear regression models were employed to assess the relationship between UVR and dementia incidence. Confounding factors, including aging, economic affluence, genetic predisposition, and urbanization, were controlled to ensure robust results. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore differences across income classifications, regional groupings, and developmental statuses, based on World Bank and United Nations criteria. A significant inverse correlation between UVR and dementia incidence was identified (r = -0.764, p < 0.001), which persisted after adjusting for confounding factors. UVR emerged as the strongest predictor of dementia incidence, explaining a substantial portion of the variance, followed by aging as the second strongest predictor. Subgroup analyses revealed that the protective effects of UVR were particularly pronounced in developing countries, where limited access to vitamin D supplementation, combined with greater exposure tonatural sunlight may enhance its influence. Lower ambient UVR levels are associated with higher dementia incidence rates worldwide, suggesting a critical role for UVR in mitigating dementia risk. Public health strategies should consider environmental factors like UVR, particularly in regions with limited sunlight. Incorporating interventions to optimize UVR exposure could offer a cost-effective approach to reducing the global dementia burden and improving brain health outcomes.

Relationship between body weight and dorsal area in female buffaloes

Background: Body weight (BW) has been reported as important information in the decision-making process; therefore, it is necessary to determine if body measurements obtained from the dorsal view of the animal are related to BW, considering that we are currently living in the era of the so-called "livestock 4.0". Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between BW and dorsal area (DA) in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) reared in southeastern Mexico. Methods: The BW (340 ± 161.68 kg), hip width (BW), thorax width (TW) and body length (BL) were measured in 215 female Murrah buffaloes aged between 3 months and 5 years. The DA (m2) was calculated using the mathematical formulae for calculating the area of a trapezoid, considering the HW, TW, and BL in the calculation. The relationship between BW and DA was assessed using correlation and regression models. Results: The correlation coefficient between BW and AD was 0.96 (P&lt;0.001). The linear equation demonstrates the highest determination coefficient value (R2 = 0.94) along with the lowest mean square error (MSE = 1716.86), root MSE (RMSE = 41.43), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC = 1603.36), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC = 1610.10). Conversely, the allometric equation exhibits the highest values of MSE, RMSE, AIC, and BIC. The quality of fit using the k-folds technique allowed us to identify that the three proposed equations showed consistent adjustments, with an accuracy above 90% (R2 = 0.92). Among them, the quadratic equation exhibited lower values of mean squared prediction error and mean absolute error. Conclusions: The DA can be a good predictor of BW in buffaloes, especially when incorporated into first and second-degree linear equations.

Is there a relationship between financial development and geopolitical risk indices and sustainable development goals? A study on E3 countries

This paper explores the correlation between the Financial Development Index (FDI) and the Geopolitical Risk Index (GPR) in relation to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the E3 countries: Germany, France, and the United Kingdom. With limited research available on the interaction between these indices and the SDGs, this study aims to bridge that gap by focusing on SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy). Using data spanning from 2000 to 2021, the analysis employs ARDL and Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) models to assess the impact of geopolitical risks and financial development on these sustainability targets. Findings reveal that in Germany, there are significant long-term relationships between FDI and both SDG 13 and SDG 7, with geopolitical risks negatively impacting both goals. Economic growth was observed to have a stronger influence on SDG 13. In France, FDI positively affected SDG 13 but had no statistically significant impact on SDG 7. Geopolitical risks had adverse effects on both goals, while economic growth?s impact on SDG 7 was found to be insignificant. In the UK, no significant long-term relationships were identified; however, short-term analysis highlighted notable effects of FDI and geopolitical risks on SDG 7. The DCC analysis revealed that the relationship between SDG 13 and SDG 7 was relatively strong around 2000 but weakened over time.

A Novel Competing Endogenous RNA Network Reveals Potential Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Chemoresistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Platinum resistance is a common cause of chemotherapy failure in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), which function by competitively binding to miRNAs, can influence drug response. However, the regulatory mechanisms of ceRNAs underlying chemoresistance in LUAD remain largely unknown. Here, we proposed an integrated pipeline combining limma algorithm, miRNA binding prediction algorithm, expression correlation model and experimental support to identify functional lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing triplets associated with resistance, which showed variable competing patterns between resistant and sensitive cells. We found that a minority of altered ceRNAs overlapped in multiple types of cisplatin-resistant LUAD cell lines and were involved in biological processes known to mediate cancer drug response. We identified them as core resistance factors, forming a novel lncRNA-mediated resistance-related ceRNA network, which indicated a potential mechanism. Single-cell analysis revealed that these resistance-related ceRNAs regulated the functional states of LUAD cells, and survival analysis showed that they contributed to the prognosis of LUAD patients. The lncRNA regulators H19 and MIR193BHG were found to correlate with cisplatin activity in LUAD cell lines, and dysregulation of their expression triggered disorders of cisplatin response-related functions through multiple ceRNA regulatory axes in this network, suggesting them as potential resistance biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In summary, the integrated pipeline and the resulting data serve as a valuable resource for understanding the ceRNA mechanisms of chemoresistance and improving chemotherapy response.

Efficiency of Coach Training in Turkey and Its Assessment Specific to Shooting Sport

The primary aim of this study is to assess the efficiency of the coach training system in Turkey, with a specific focus on shooting coaches, and to gather the views of working, retired and volunteer coaches working in this field regarding this training. The research follows a correlational survey model and targets shooting coaches, encompassing both air and firearms disciplines, who possess coaching certificates and were actively engaged in coaching roles in Turkey during the year 2023, whether voluntarily or on a tenured or non-tenured basis. The research sample comprises 307 coaches, selected through simple random sampling from the larger population. Data for the study were collected through questionnaires. To this end, the researcher developed a questionnaire consisting of two parts, drawing on the existing literature and expert opinions. Quantitative methods, facilitated by the SPSS 25 program, were employed for data analysis. Results indicate that the overall sentiments of coaches in Turkey regarding the adequacy of coaching education in terms of content, duration, and facilities, as well as its impact on athletes’ skills and performance, and the coaches’ personal development through education, tended to be negative. Conversely, there were very strong (0.900.05).

Analysis of the Evaluation Data of College Classroom Teaching Quality based on Fuzzy Mathematics Model

This paper mainly studies the problem of teaching quality evaluation. According to the data in the annex, the transformation of quantitative indicators and the evaluation of teaching quality are realized by establishing fuzzy mathematical model, grey correlation degree and other methods. For problem 1: according to the quantitative values of the eight evaluation indexes, a fuzzy mathematical model is established, and the comprehensive evaluation is transformed into a quantitative index to evaluate the teaching level of teachers. See the appendix for the sequence of serial numbers 4450-4469 in Annex 1. For question 2: considering the large amount of data in Annex 1, the courses that have participated in the evaluation more than 50 times are selected as the research object. Using hierarchical clustering processing, it is concluded that there are some differences in the teaching quality of each course in the school. According to the overall teaching quality, the seven teaching teams are: course 0097, course 0057, course 0322, course 0320, course 0486, course 0058, course 0138. For question 3: the grey correlation model is established according to the factors that affect the professionalism and objectivity of evaluation experts, such as teachers' professional titles, the number of evaluation sessions and the average number of sessions. The evaluation conclusions of the evaluation experts are given in the appendix. For question 4: the data in Annex 1 are sorted out in chronological order to obtain 46 evaluation objects and three evaluation indexes, namely, the number of evaluation sections, the average number of sections and the quantification of professional titles, for analysis. Then through the fitting of data processing, it is concluded that the teaching quality of the school has declined with the growth of time in the past three years. In response to question 5: according to the data in the annex, this paper puts forward the question "what is the relationship between the scores of teachers' comprehensive evaluation of teaching and students' comprehensive evaluation of learning in the evaluation of classroom teaching quality in Colleges and universities?" by fitting the fitting image with MATLAB, it is concluded that the scores of teachers' comprehensive evaluation of teaching and students' comprehensive evaluation of learning in the evaluation of classroom teaching quality in Colleges and universities are very similar.

Spatial adaptation patterns and coordinated development of water-energy-food complex system in the yellow river basin

The coordination development of the Water-Energy-Food complex system (WEF CS) is vital to realizing the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. However, the existing research ignores the influence of external environment, and it is not clear which dimension is the key driving mechanism for coordinated development of WEF CS. Herein, it built a theoretical framework of “system unit-nexus-natural environment” WEF CS based on the logical framework of “unit-nexus-external environment”, and adopted Dagum Gini coefficient, coupling coordination degree, and grey correlation models to explore the sustainable development ability of water resource, energy resource and food resource of the Yellow River Basin (YRB). It showed that (1) the overall development level of WEF CS showed significant stage differences, indicating upstream > downstream > midstream; (2) the overall Gini coefficient decreased from 0.123 in 2004 to 0.084 in 2020, and the spatial mismatch of development level mainly came from the difference between reaches; (3) the influencing factors of the key zones that hindered the development of WEF CS chiefly came from the nexus dimension. This study provides insights into optimizing spatial adaptation pattern and improving coordination development in basins.

Analysis and Joint Correlation Models on Pore Structures of Graphitized Phenolic Resin Char Under Ni-Zn-B Catalytic Effect

Phenolic resin plastic is mainly composed of phenolic resin and pyrolysis is often used to perform the important task of treating it. While there are large quantities of char generating, the char can be graphitized for upgrading under Ni-Zn-B catalytic effect. Pore structure is an important index for evaluating graphitic carbon. In this study, the phenolic resin char was graphitized with Ni-Zn-B at low temperature based on orthogonal rules (graphitization temperature: 1300 °C, 1400 °C, 1500 °C; retention time: 60 min, 120 min, 180 min; catalyst additive ratio: 5%, 10%, 15%), and their pore structures were determined by N2 adsorption and desorption method. The graphitized phenolic resin chars were porous carbon materials whose specific surface areas were commonly between 110 to 160 m2/g; they also mainly consisted of wholly equivalent micropores and mesopores. The effects of the graphitization conditions on pore structures of GPRCs were analyzed; this revealed that the increase in graphitization temperature destroyed micropores to form mesopores, with a longer retention time leading to the production of small quantities of micropores and mesopores, some micropore spaces were occupied and mesopore skeletons were destroyed to from large pores with more Ni-Zn-B addition. The correlation models of the pore structures and reaction parameters were built; it was found that the multiple linear regression model showed an advantage in predicting micropore structures and the built artificial neural network model was better at predicting the total pore and mesopore.

Correlations study "structure – property" of model products reaction monosaccharides non-enzymatic coloring in ethanol media

Caramel compositions based on carbohydrates are available food colorants, additionally characterized by a set of practically significant properties, in particular, antioxidant activity. In the present work, the features of the chemical structure of caramels based on the most important monosaccharides – D-glucose, D-mannose and D-galactose, and their correlations with structure-dependent parameters, such as color and reducing capacity, are studied. The syn thesis of target products was performed in water-ethanol media (90% ethanol) in the presence of alkali with thin lay er chromatography (TLC) control and subsequent dialysis. The structural features of the condensed products of the non-enzymatic coloring reaction were studied by Infrared spectroscopy (IS), which were subsequently compared with the values of the reducing capacity expressed by permanganate oxidizability and color estimated by color indices. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the mid infrared frequency (1800–1000 cm−1) of the initial zero-order spectra and their second derivatives indicates the presence of unsaturated (enolic) fragments (1600 and 1625 cm−1) in the caramel structure. In the spectrum of the D-mannose-based composition, low-frequency shifts of the bands to 1595 and 1620 cm−1 probably indicate a higher degree of enolization. The limiting component of the structure, represent ed by bound polyglycosides, appears in systems based on D-glucose and D-galactose (strengthening of the 1150 cm−1 band). The analysis of the values of structure-dependent parameters shows a decrease in the reducing capacity and color in the series of caramels based on D- mannose &gt; D- glucose &gt; D-galactose. It correlates with the increased con tent of reducing fragments (enols) in the structure of the first system and the excessive presence of bound non-re ducing forms in the structure of the latter, as well as the previously obtained data on the kinetics of caramelization, which forms the basis of the correlation model. Comparison of the reducing capacity and the total color index CI (EBC unit) of the studied products with similar indicators of ascorbic acid and class I food caramels characterizes them with fairly close values of the same order, which suggests further research in the direction of developing and scaling the technology for producing carbohydrate caramels under the described conditions.

Feasibility study of using next-generation reservoir computing (NG-RC) model to estimate liver tumor motion from external breathing signals.

Respiratory motion is a challenge for accurate radiotherapy that may be mitigated by real-time tracking. Commercial tracking systems utilize a hybrid external-internal correlation model (ECM), integrating continuous external breathing monitoring with sparse X-ray imaging of the internal tumor position. This study investigates the feasibility of using the next generation reservoir computing (NG-RC) model as a hybrid ECM to transform measured external motions into estimated 3D internal motions. The NG-RC model utilizes the nonlinear vector autoregressive (NVAR) machine to account for the hysteresis or phase differences between external and internal motions. The datasets used to evaluate the efficacy of the NG-RC model include 57 motion traces from the CyberKnife system. The datasets were divided into three regions (central, lower, and upper livers) and three motion patterns. These patterns include linear and nonlinear motion patterns (Group A), hysteresis motion patterns (Group B), and all motion patterns (Group C). Moreover, various updating techniques were examined, such as continuously updating the NG-RC model using the first-in-first-out (FIFO) approach and sampling the internal tumor position every 0 s (strategy A), 60 s (strategy B), 30 s (strategy C), and 50 s (strategy D). The NG-RC model combined with strategy C resulted in better estimation accuracy than the reported CyberKnife cases (Wilcoxon signed rank p < 0.05). For linear and nonlinear motion patterns, the 3D radial estimation accuracy (mean ± SD) using the NG-RC model combined with strategy C and the CyberKnife system was 1.20 ± 0.78 and 1.1 ± 0.20 mm in the central liver, 0.66 ± 0.25 and 1.49 ± 0.50 mm in the lower liver, and 1.73 ± 0.86 and 1.61 ± 0.42 mm in the upper liver. For hysteresis motion patterns, the corresponding values were 1.13 ± 0.37 and 1.45 ± 0.33 mm, 1.43 ± 1.30 and 1.67 ± 0.42 mm, and 1.20 ± 0.68 and 1.46 ± 0.54 mm in the central, lower, and upper livers, respectively. This study proposed a new hybrid correlation model for real-time tumor tracking, which can be used to account for both linear and nonlinear motion patterns, as well as hysteresis motion patterns. Additionally, the NG-RC model required shorter training data sets (15 s) during pre-treatment and short internal motion sampling (every 30 s) during treatment compared to other ECMs.