Correlation Test Research Articles

Relationship Between Anxiety and Events Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea Vomiting (CINV) Breast Cancer Patients with Chemotherapy in Jember, East Java, Indonesia

In Indonesia and worldwide, breast cancer accounts for the greatest number of cancer patients. Chemotherapy is the treatment used to treat breast cancer patients; however, it might cause One of the psychological adverse effects that chemotherapy usually causes for individuals with breast cancer is anxiety. Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea Vomiting (CINV) is the most common physical adverse effect experienced by breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. This cross-sectional study employs certain research approaches. Patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer at the RSD Dr. Soebandi Jember and Baladhika Husada Jember Hospital made up the study's population. This research was conducted for one month, and the number of samples used in this research was 120. Anxiety measurement uses a questionnaire Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) to measure levels of anxiety, and the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Antiemesis Tool (MAT) to measure Chemotherapy Induces Nausea and Vomiting (CINV). Data analysis with a paired sample t test using the IBM SPSS v.25 for Windows programme. The results of the Pearson correlation test between anxiety and CINV in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy showed a significance value of 0.00 or <0.05, which means there is a correlation between anxiety and CINV experienced by respondents. The higher the level of anxiety, the more CINV complaints the patient will experience. Vice versa, the lower the level of anxiety, the CINV experienced by the patient will be minimal. Keyword: anxiety, CINV, Breast Cancer, Chemotherapy

Impact of ENSO on Cloud Distribution and Rainfall Variability in Tangerang Regency

A type of climate variation in the Pacific Ocean known as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is defined by an increase in sea surface temperature (SST) in the Central and Eastern equatorial areas, which affects the amount of rainfall that falls and increases. In Indonesia, the rainy season typically persists from October to March, whereas the dry season persists from April to September. Research on the influence of ENSO on rainfall has been carried out in several areas, but has not been carried out in the Tangerang area. This study aims to ascertain how the ENSO phenomena affect rainfall fluctuations and cloud distribution in the Regency of Tangerang. The secondary data, which includes information on rainfall, cloud cover, wind direction, and speed, was acquired from BMKG Meteorology Budiarto. In addition, data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) website's Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) was used. Surface weather analysis and Pearson correlation analysis are the data analysis techniques used. The results presented that based on surface weather study, ENSO events had a consequence on cloud distribution in Tangerang Regency. The clouds lead when the ENSO phenomenon occurs, namely Cumulus and Nimbostratus clouds with a 4-8 octa cloud cover. Meanwhile, the correlation test results show that ENSO influences seasonal and annual rainfall variations in the district of Tangerang. The largest correlation between SOI and annual rainfall occurred in 2015 with a correlation value of r-0.84 (very strong). Meanwhile, the greatest correlation between SOI and seasonal rainfall occurred in July-September with a correlation value of r=0.67 (strong).

Analysis of Portfolio Optimization Performance: Markowitz Model and Index Model in Capital Markets

In the post-pandemic era, marked by economic uncertainty and stock market volatility, investors are turning to Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) to guide their investment decisions. This study aims to develop a robust mathematical framework for portfolio construction using the Markowitz Model (MM) and the Index Model (IM) with added constraints. The objectives are threefold: (1) to create a portfolio framework that reflects investor preferences using MM and IM with additional constraints, (2) to compare these models against the Gaussian Distribution using Python and Excel, (3) to compare the statistical data and correlation tests of daily logarithmic returns in Python with monthly excess returns in Excel, and (4) to evaluate their performance relative to the traditional Markowitz approach through Monte Carlo simulations.The methodology involves incorporating five additional constraints into the MM and IM models. The analysis uses 20 years of historical daily return data for ten stocks from various sectors, one equity index (S&P 500) as a risk-free rate proxy (1-month Fed Funds rate). Daily logarithmic returns are analyzed using Python, while Excel Solver and Solver Table are employed for monthly excess return data.

Correlation between Blood Glucose Level and Anthropometric Measurements among University Students at the University of Tripoli

The detection of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at an earlier age may help reduce or even prevent the future outcomes of this disease. To date, there has been no research conducted on university students regarding associated risk factors such as being overweight or obese in Libya. The aim of this study was to determine any correlation between serum glucose level and anthropometric measurements, age and family history of T2DM in students of the University of Tripoli. A cross-sectional study involving a survey questionnaire, anthropometric measurement and blood glucose levels taken from 246 University students (aged 18-43). Recruitment was carried out from July 15 to August 1, 2024 at the research laboratory in the Faulty of Medical Technology at the University of Tripoli. The Pearson correlation test showed a positive correlation between the level of blood glucose and hip circumference [r= 0.139, P= 0.029]. The only other two risk factors that were close to the level of statistically significance were weight [r= 0.115, P= 0.071] and BMI [r= 0.117, P= 0.067]. T2DM might be prevented or mitigated by encouraging young adults in particular to keep hip circumference in the normal range.

Correlation of Diabetic Symptoms with Severity of Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged Population

Purpose: To investigate the correlation of symptoms of Diabetes with the severity of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Middle-aged subjects with diabetes. Participants: 68 subjects with diagnosed diabetes mellitus between the ages of 40 and 60 with/without symptoms of neuropathy were included. Participants with neurological disease, recent surgical procedures or injuries to feet, vascular disease, and cognitive impairment were excluded. Method: In a cross-sectional observational study, a total of 68 middle-aged diabetic subjects were interviewed in terms of demographic data, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Post-Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS), HBA1c, duration of diabetes, and associated medical conditions. All participants were examined by the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). MNSI consists of 2 parts. 1) questionnaire 2) clinical examination. Analysis: Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 20 & Spearman correlation test was applied. Results: In mild diabetes, hba1c has a weak positive correlation (r=0.232) with MNSI-1 and a very weak positive (0.016) correlation with MNSI-2. In moderate diabetes, hba1c has significant(p=0.003) strong positive correlation (r=0.703) with MNSI-1 and significant (p=0.019) moderate positive correlation (r=0.0596) with MNSI-2. In severe diabetes, hba1c has significant (p=0.028) moderate positive correlation (r=0.532) with MNSI-1 and significant (p=0.034) moderate positive (0.515) correlation with MNSI-2 Conclusion: Diabetic symptoms are moderately correlated with moderate & severe levels of Diabetes based on hba1c in the middle-aged population. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Middle age, Diabetic symptoms, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument.

Utility of the triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio in older adult patients in Colombia

Abstract Introduction Alterations in lipid metabolism are responsible for atherogenesis and an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) is used to assess the risk of cardiovascular diseases; however, it has not been evaluated in older adults. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the TG/HDL-C ratio in elderly patients and analyze its correlation and discriminatory capacity with cardiovascular risk factors according to data from the SABE Colombia survey. Purpose Describe the sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular history, lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk score in the older adult population included in the SABE Colombia Study.Describes the distribution of triglyceride levels, cholesterol, and the TAG-HDL ratio in the older adult population included in the SABE Colombia Study. Evaluate the relationship between the TAG/HDL Cholesterol Index and cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease Determine if there is a correlation and the degree of correlation between the TAG/HDL Cholesterol ratio and variables related to higher cardiovascular risk and stablish cutoff points of the triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio as indicators of the onset of risk factors Materials and Methods Cross-sectional study in adults aged 60 years and older included in the national SABE Colombia survey (National Survey of Health, Well-being, and Ageing conducted in Colombia in 2015), which included 244 municipalities from all departments of the country. A correlation test was performed to assess the presence and degree of correlation between the TAG/HDL index and cardiovascular risk factors, and ROC curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of the TAG/HDL index in identifying risk factors. Results A total of 23,694 patients with the necessary information for the study were included. The median age was 69 years, 57.3% were women, and 34.3% were of white race. 23.5% had hypertension, and 16.4% had diabetes mellitus. 13.4% had a history of cardiovascular disease, and 2.5% had cerebrovascular disease. While the specific correlation between the index and different cardiovascular risk factors is generally low to moderate, good discriminatory capacity was found for diabetes and metabolic syndrome with the following values: diabetes, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.871 and a cut-off point of 9.17; and for metabolic syndrome, the AUC was 0.840, with a cut-off point of 8.81. Conclusions Our findings show that the TG/HDL ratio has intermediate correlation for different cardiovascular risk factors; however, it has excellent predictive ability for the presence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. These findings are very useful in the clinical evaluation, screening, and detection of cardiovascular risk factors in the population aged 60 years and older in Colombia.Scatter plots of TAG/HDL ratio comparedROC curves for diabetes and metabolic s

Exploring Sense of Coherence and Death Anxiety among patients with Chronic Illness in Greece

Abstract Introduction Chronic illness often brings about existential concerns, including fear of death, which can significantly impact individuals’ well-being. The concept of sense of coherence provides a framework for understanding how individuals perceive and cope with stressors, including those associated with chronic illness. Purpose This study investigated the correlation between Sense of Coherence, death anxiety, and chronic illness among Greek patients, aiming to understand how these factors interplay. Methods An electronic survey was distributed to chronic illness patients in Greece. Sense of Coherence was measured using the Sense of Coherence scale, while death anxiety was assessed using the Collett-Leste Fear of Death scale. Various chronic conditions were considered, and demographic data were collected. Results The final sample consisted of 118 participants (female 79.7%; death anxiety score=mean109.2, Sd = 19.2; sense of coherence score=mean55.12, Sd = 13.61). Women and the age group of 58-65 years presented higher death anxiety score followed by the group of 34-41 years. No differences were found between genders in terms of sense of coherence. The highest coherence was manifested in the age group of 50-57 years and the lowest in the age group of 42-49 years. A significant negative correlation was observed between sense of coherence and fear of death (rs(118)= -.299, p < .01). Further correlation tests were performed between axes of coherence, which indicated a stronger negative correlation in two of the three axes of the sense of coherence (Manageability and Meaningfulness) and among all the axes of fear of death, beyond the first, which concerns the loss of one’s own life. Conclusions The study suggests that individuals with a stronger sense of coherence experience lower death anxiety. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for tailored patient interventions and support strategies. Key messages • Gender and age-specific variations exist in how people approach and experience disease and mortality. • Understanding patients’ coping mechanisms and perceptions of illness is important in disease management.

Neighborhood socioeconomic factors and characteristics correlated with avoidable emergency department visits: A spatial analysis of a Canadian academic hospital.

The influence of neighborhood characteristics and socioeconomic status (SES) factors on avoidable emergency department (ED) utilization is not well understood in a universal healthcare system. We examined correlations between these factors and avoidable ED visits at a Canadian academic hospital. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative ED data from a hospital in Hamilton, Canada from April 1, 2018 to August 31, 2023, and neighborhood data from the Statistics Canada Census of Population 2021. Avoidable visits were classified using the Emergency Department Avoidability Classification (EDAC), and mapped to neighborhoods using Canadian postal codes. SES was defined primarily based on education attained, household income, employment and housing security. The top 20 postal codes with the highest avoidable ED visits were categorized into quartiles and analyzed for trends using chi-squared tests of spatial association and Spearman rank correlations. A consistent ordinal trend across quartiles was observed throughout the study period, with quartile 1 representing the lowest avoidable ED visits and quartile 4 the highest. The quartiles were unevenly distributed spatially, though there was a significant association between close proximity to the ED and avoidable visits (X2 = 7.07, p <0.05). The quartile with the highest avoidable ED visits (quartile 4) had the greatest proportion of one-person households (35.5%) and one-parent families (37.8%), and showed statistically significant positive correlations with male sex, living alone and having an indigenous identity. Quartile 4 had the highest rates of individuals not completing high school (18.6%, p < 0.05), unemployment (13.7%), households spending greater than 30% of their income on shelter (26.5%), and households earning less than $30,000 annually (16.6%, compared to 8.7% in quartile 1 with the lowest avoidable ED visits). In a universal healthcare setting, lower SES neighborhoods were correlated with higher rates of avoidable ED visits. Targeted interventions that address social determinants of health disparities in neighborhoods with lower SES could reduce the burden of avoidable ED visits, and promote more equitable healthcare utilization.

Impact and determinants of depression in cardiac hospitalized patients

Abstract Depression increases cardiovascular risk and involves worse clinical outcomes. Little attention is paid to it in hospitalized patients. We studied prevalence and determinants of depression in this group, in order to select patients for further specific management. Methods Consecutive patients admitted to Cardiology wards were included. Cardiovascular risk factors, clinical and psychosocial data were collected. Self perceived mental and physical health quality were assesed by 12-item Short Form survey (SF-12), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires were administered. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman´s correlation, Mann-Whitney and Fisher tests, and Mantel-Cox, linear and logistic regression analyses. Results 170 consecutive patients, median age 74.5 (67.2-81.1), 59.4% male, were included. Most common pathologies were heart failure (44.7%) and coronary syndroms (28.8%). According to HADS results, depression was probable (score &amp;gt;10) in 10%, and at least possible (score &amp;gt; 8) in 27.1%. Both increased duration of hospitalization (Median 14 vs 7 days;p=0.016 and 11 vs 7 days;p=0.005 respectively). Anxiety was present in 16.5 % for probable case and 34.1% for possible case, with no significant change in median duration of hospitalization. 22.9% of patients were under antidepressant treatment, and 24% under anxiolytics, but they were added to treatment only in 1% and 7% respectively. No other not pharmacological measure was initiated. Self perceived mental health was diminished in probable depression (mean difference 14.9%;95%IC 9.7-20.2;p&amp;lt;0.001). Self perceived physical health was also lower (mean difference 6.4%;95%CI:1.1-11.8;p=0.016). Patients with depression were a mean of 5.6 years older (95%CI 1.4-9.8;p=0.032). Less than primary education (OR 5.69 (p 0.021), and Previous hospital admission OR 3.2 (1.0-10.3;p=0.034) increased the risk of depression in univariate analysis. By multivariate analysis, determinants of depression were anxiety (OR 22.5;95%CI 5.9-85.6;p&amp;lt;0.0001), need for surgery (OR 12.3;95%IC 2.1-73.2;p=0.009), need for intensive care unit surveillance (OR 4.2;95%CI 1.1-15.8;p=0.039), and age (OR 1.1;95%IC 1.0-1.2;p=0.001. AUC was 0.89;95%CI 0.81-0.96;p&amp;lt;0.0001. There was no difference in civil status, gender, income level, living accompanied, number of comorbidities, cardiovascular risk factor or reason for hospital admission. Conclusions Depression was prevalent in our hospitalized cardiac patients,in spite of previous pharmacological treatment. It prolongs duration of stay and impacts negatively in self perceived mental and physical health. Risk is increased in older people requiring intensive care surveillance or surgery, and specially by anxiety. These patients could benefit from a preventive multifactorial approach. Attention should also be paid to patients with a previous hospitalization and low educational level.ROC curve for multivariate model

The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Secondary Data Analysis

This study investigates the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth in Nigeria, a country where a significant portion of the population remains financially excluded despite ongoing efforts to enhance access to financial services. The problem addressed is the limited understanding of how various aspects of financial inclusion, particularly mobile money, banking services, and credit availability, affect Nigeria's GDP growth. The primary objectives of the study are to assess the current level of financial inclusion, analyze its relationship with GDP growth, and provide evidence-based policy recommendations to improve financial access and support economic development. To achieve these objectives, a secondary data analysis was conducted, employing multiple linear regression, Pearson correlation, and Granger causality tests. The findings reveal a marginally significant positive relationship between Mobile Money Subscriptions (MMS) and GDP growth, while access to formal banking services and credit availability showed no significant correlation with economic growth. These results highlight the importance of mobile money as a key driver of financial inclusion, contrasting with the limited impact of traditional banking services. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing mobile money infrastructure, strengthening financial literacy programs, promoting inclusive banking models, and fostering collaboration with fintech firms. Implementing these recommendations could significantly improve financial inclusion in Nigeria, ultimately contributing to sustained economic growth and enhanced welfare for the population.

Causes of Dropout from immunization among children in two selected slum area of Dhaka City

This study will contribute information that can be used by policymakers in the Ministry of Health (MOH) to create policies that will encourage mothers to complete their immunization schedule among children in Bangladesh. It will benefit health workers like nurses, doctors or clinicians by giving useful data on the factors associated with immunization dropout among children of one month to 18 months of age in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in two selected slum area in Dhaka city and 120 married women (60 from each slum area of Dhaka city) were interviewed through face -to-face by the researcher. The target population was the parents had children of age from 1 month to 18 month and had routine child vaccination card were interviewed. The total sample size was 120 in number and they were selected by using systematic sampling technique. The study was based on primary data. The instruments of the study were pretested semi-structured questionnaire. After editing and coding the coded data enter into the computer SPSS Version 16.0 was used to analyze the data. Immunization was categorized into ‘complete’ and ‘drop-out’. Bivariate associations were then evaluate using Chi-square and spearman’s correlation. Logistic regression was finally performed to evaluate the strength of the predictive variables to immunization dropout. A confidence interval of 0.05 was considered in this study. Place and Period of the Study: Study was conducted from 8th January 2022 to 21th February 2022 in Tongi (Arshadnagor, Bank field, Hazi Mazar, Nishad Nagar slums -60 household) and Dhaka north City Corporation (korail slum from Banani -60 household). Results: Among the 120 participants majority that is 84.2% represented the age group of 21-35 years followed by 15.0% of &lt;20 years. Maximum and minimums age of the participant was 37 years &amp; 14 years. Sex distribution of the children showed that out of 120 respondents, 59 (49.2%) were male &amp; 61 (50.8%), were female. Male: Female ratio was 1:1.1. Opinion regarding importance of immunization status showed that 100% participants opinion were immunization was important for child. The study revealed that maximum 85.0% respondents told that immunization center distance is less than 1 km &amp; 15.07% respondents stated it is 2-3 km. The study showed that, out of 100% children 74.2% were fully immunized &amp; 25.8% were partially immunized. Conclusion: According to study findings, out of 100% children 74.2% were fully immunized &amp; 25.8% were partially immunized. It was found that there were no associated factors determined to causes dropout rate of immunization from chi-square test. From spearman correlation test, it was found that there was positive association between dropout rate and sex of the children, type of the family. There is a need for intensified engagement with communities through the reaching every child approach so that children are fully immunized. EWMCJ Vol. 12, No. 1&amp;2, January-July 2024: 14-20

Alcohol policy and alcohol-attributed disease burden in Finland and the Baltic countries 1995-2019

Abstract Introduction Alcohol remains a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity in Finland and the Baltic countries, particularly among men. This study aimed to assess alcohol policy restrictiveness in this region from 1995 to 2019 using a modified version of the Bridging the Gap (BtG-M) policy scale and examine its association with alcohol-related disease burden. Methods The study utilised national statutory laws to score policy restrictiveness (higher BtG-M scores mean stricter policies) and age-standardised rates of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and deaths per 100,000 from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). Spearman correlation tests and panel data regression models were applied to assess the association between policy scores and burden of disease. Results Finland maintained a high BtG-M score, while the Baltic countries experienced recent increases from initially lower scores. Alcohol-related disease burden showed an inverse association with policy changes in these countries. Strongest association was seen between the BtG-M score and DALY rates attributed to injuries. Premature mortality among men constituted the largest proportion of disease burden. Discussion and Conclusions Despite challenges in accessing and comparing policy data over time, we showed a strong association between alcohol policy and alcohol-related harm in Finland and the Baltic countries. This study is one of the first to use the BtG-M scale to monitor changes in alcohol policies over time and their relationship to alcohol-related harm using GBD methodology. The study highlights the effects of national alcohol policies on levels of alcohol-related harm. Key messages • This study stands out due to its longitudinal study design, which quantitatively compares the level of alcohol policy restrictiveness in Finland and the Baltic countries from 1995 to 2019. • Our study suggests that shifts towards more restrictive alcohol policies are linked to reduction in alcohol-related harm in Finland and the Baltic countries.

Health Impacts of Disasters and Social Indicators: An Ecological Study

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between certain social indicators and the mortality and morbidity in disasters recorded in the EM-DAT database within countries in the last decade. The correlation between the mortality and morbidity in disasters recorded in the EM-DAT database between March 1, 2014-2024 and the most recent data on Human Development Index (HDI), Gender Inequality Index (GII), Gini Coefficient (GC), Government Health Expenditure as a share of GDP (GHE/GDP) and Corruption Perception Index (CPI) were analyzed. During the period of the study, disasters from a total of 207 countries/regions were recorded in the database. The median (IQR) values of countries in disasters were found to be 35.1 (67.5) for death per million and 76.3 (783.0) for injury per million. The most frequent types of disasters, the most frequent cause of mortality and the most frequent cause of injury in each country were found to be floods, extreme temperatures, and epidemics, respectively. While there was no significant difference between the social indicators analyzed and the total number of deaths, there was a negative correlation between the number of injuries and the HDI, CPI, GHE/GDP values of the countries, and a positive correlation between the GC and GII values (for all tests, Spearman correlation test, p &amp;lt; 0.001). The correlation coefficient was interpreted as ‘weak’ in all other pairwise analyses except for the GHE/GDP value (moderate). Countries with social indicators closer to the positive threshold have been found to have less injuries in disasters. The possible reason for the insignificant correlation with the mortality is thought to be the difficulties in detecting mortality, especially in ‘extreme temperatures’, and the fact that it is mostly recorded in countries where social indicators are relatively more advanced. More research is needed to investigate the relationality between social indicators and disaster harms. Key messages • Disasters are critical mediators between social determinants and health. Addressing and reducing inequalities should remain on the public health agenda to prevent disasters and protect health. • Analysis of disasters shows that ‘extreme temperatures’, which cause the most deaths in some countries, are barely detected in developing countries. Disaster recording systems need to be strengthened.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ONLINE GAME ADDICTION WITH STUDENT LEARNING MOTIVATION AT SMPI MIFTAHUL JANNAH AND MTS NAHDLATUL NASYIIN IV PASANGGAR PEGANTENAN PAMEKASAN

Background: Rapid technological advances can change various aspects of everyday life, such as online gaming. Playing online games can foster curiosity and attract interest, and can even cause addiction that interferes with learning motivation. Objectives: This research aims to understand the correlation between addiction to playing online games and students' learning motivation at SMPI Miftahul Jannah and MTS Nahdlatul Nasyiin IV Pasanggar Pegantenan Pamekasan. Design: This research adopted a quantitative approach with correlational analysis methods and cross-sectional research, involving 60 students from SMPI Miftahul Jannah and MTS Nahdlatul Nasyiin IV using purposive sampling techniques. The data collection tool consists of questionnaires and data analysis is conducted using Spearman's rank correlation test. Results: This research found that the majority of respondents were addicted to playing online games at a high level, namely 37 respondents (61.7%). Meanwhile, most respondents had low-level learning motivation, and 37 respondents (61.7%). From the results of the Spearman Rank Test, a significant value of 0.000 (p &lt; 0.05) was found with a correlation coefficient of -0.666, indicating a strong negative relationship between Addiction to Playing Online Games and Learning Motivation in students at SMPI Miftahul Jannah and MTS Nahdlatul Nasyiin IV in Pasangggar Pegantenan Pamekasan. Conclusion: Time management, schedules, supervision, family support, and healthy substitute activities are needed as a solution.

CILP1 and NTproBNP in pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular pressure overload: a translational experimental study

Abstract Introduction Cartilage intermediate layer protein 1 (CILP1) has emerged as a novel marker of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension (PH), although there is still little evidence on its role in different scenarios of RV pressure overload. The aim of our study was to analyze CILP1 as a biomarker of RV remodeling and PH severity, and compare it with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), in different experimental models of RV pressure overload. Methods Three different experimental models of RV pressure overload compared to a sham procedure were evaluated in 24 Yucatan pigs: chronic postcapillary PH by pulmonary vein banding (M1, n=6); chronic PH by aorto-pulmonary shunting (M2, n=6); RV pressure overload by PA banding (thus without PH) (M3, n=6); and sham procedure (M0, n=6). Animals were evaluated at 8 months after surgery by right heart catheterization, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and blood/histological sampling. Levels of CILP1 and NTproBNP at the RV myocardium and blood were determined with dedicated ELISA and compared among groups by Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction. Associations between biomarkers and RV performance indices and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) were assessed with Spearman correlation test. Results M1 animals developed chronic postcapillary PH with normal left ventricular (LV) performance and RV maladaptive hypertrophy (RV fibrosis and systolic dysfunction). M2 animals developed chronic precapillary PH associated with LV dilatation and RV maladaptive hypertrophy. On contrast, M3-animals developed severe RV pressure overload (without PH) and hypertrophy but maintained normal RV systolic function. CILP1 and NTproBNP levels were moderately correlated (R=0.56, p=0.002). CILP1 levels in RV myocardium and plasma were significantly higher in M1, whereas NTproBNP plasma levels were significantly higher in M2 (Figure 1). CILP1 in plasma and RV myocardium significantly correlated with PAP, while myocardial CILP1 levels also correlated with RV extracellular volume (RV-ECV) by CMR (Figure 2). NTproBNP myocardial levels correlated with RV ejection fraction and RV-ECV and plasmatic levels correlated with PAP (Figure 2). Conclusions CILP1 levels were increased in the presence of PH and isolated RV dysfunction, whereas NTproBNP levels were increased in the model of PH, RV dysfunction and LV remodeling. Myocardial levels of both peptides correlated with diffuse fibrosis, estimated by CMR, whereas plasmatic levels of both biomarkers correlated with PAP. This suggests that CILP1 may be a more specific marker of RV dysfunction in PH, being less dependent of LV parameters.CILP1 and NTproBNP levels among modelsCorrelation with PAP &amp; RV remodeling

Do shift-working nurses’ work-life quality relate to their physical health and diet quality?

Abstract Background Shift work negatively affects work-related quality of life and this situation causes significant labour force losses and decreased productivity in the society, especially health problems in nurses. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between work-related quality of life, physical health level and nutritional behaviours of nurses working in shifts. Methods This descriptive and relationship-seeking study was conducted with 312 nurses selected by quota sampling in Istanbul. Data were collected between December 2022 to July 2023 using the The Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL), Physical Health Questionnaire and Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation tests were conducted on IBM SPSS 25.0. BeBIS 7.1 software were used for calculation diet index. Results Compassion Satisfaction (CS), Burnout (B) and Compassion Fatigue (CF) scores of nurses was examined, a relationship was found between CS score and B score (r=-0.39 p &amp;lt; 0.05) and between B score and CF score (r = 0.58 p &amp;lt; 0.05). CS score correlated with Cardiovascular Risk Level score (r=-0.15 p &amp;lt; 0.05) and diet index score (r = 0.15 p &amp;lt; 0.05). B score correlated with Gastrointestinal Risk Level score (r = 0.27 p &amp;lt; 0.05) and Cardiovascular Risk Level score (r = 0.38 p &amp;lt; 0.05). There was a correlation between the score of CF and Gastrointestinal Risk Level score (r = 0.25 p &amp;lt; 0.05) and Cardiovascular Risk Level score (r = 0.31 p &amp;lt; 0.05). Daily energy, fibre, vitamin B1 and C, folate, calcium and magnesium intakes of nurses were lower than the recommended. Conclusions Research results support that the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems have a direct relationship with stress and emotional states. In the policies to be developed within the scope of occupational health nursing practices, it is recommended to carry out studies to improve the physical health and nutritional behaviours of nurses in order to improve their work-related quality of life. Key messages • Nurses are a risky occupational group in terms of burnout. Protection studies should be prioritised to prevent burnout. • Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular system complaints of nurses should be paid special attention during recruitment and periodic examinations.

Relationship between NT-proBNP, echocardiographic abnormalities and functional status in patients with subclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy

Abstract Background Persons with diabetes are at risk for developing a cardiomyopathy through several pathophysiological mechanisms independent of traditional risk factors for heart failure. Among those with so-called diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM), the relationship between natriuretic peptides, cardiac structural abnormalities and functional capacity is largely unknown. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate associations between NT-proBNP concentrations, clinical characteristics, echocardiographic findings, health status and activity, and outcomes from cardiopulmonary exercise testing Methods The Aldose Reductase Inhibition for Stabilization of Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure Trial (ARISE-HF) trial is evaluating the effects of AT-001, a novel aldose-reductase inhibitor in participants with DbCM without a prior history of heart failure (1). Participants were included if they had a known diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and age ≥60 (or ≥45 with a duration of diabetes of ≥10 years or estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤60 mL/min/1.73m2). Participants were required to have evidence of one of: structural cardiac abnormality, elevated cardiac biomarkers, or impaired exercise tolerance, defined as a peak oxygen uptake (VO2) ≤75% of predicted. In this prespecified subgroup analysis of the ARISE-HF trial, 685 participants with baseline echocardiography data, laboratory investigations, and functional assessment were included. Participants were stratified by N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) quartiles, and correlation with echocardiographic and functional parameters were assessed using Spearman correlation test. Results The mean age of participants was 67.4 years and 50% were female. The mean duration of type 2 diabetes was 14.5 years with a mean hemoglobin A1c of 6.98. The median NT-proBNP was 71 (Q1, Q3: 33, 135) ng/L. No association was observed between NT-proBNP concentrations and echocardiographic parameters of either diastolic or systolic dysfunction including global longitudinal strain, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular mass index, left atrial volume index, E/e’, or right ventricular systolic pressure (Figure 1). In contrast, NT-proBNP was significantly correlated with components of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (P&amp;lt;0.001), the Physical Activity Scale in the Elderly (P=0.004), duration of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (P&amp;lt;0.001), peak VO 2 (P&amp;lt;0.001), and ratio of minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (P=0.002; Figure 2). Conclusion Among highly selected patients with subclinical DbCM, elevated NT-proBNP concentrations are associated with worse health status, lower activity levels, and reduced functional capacity, but not with cardiac structural abnormalities. These findings suggest that regardless of cardiac structural abnormalities, biomarker concentrations reflect important deterioration in functional capacity in affected individuals.

The Association between Social Engagement, Social Network, Social Embeddedness and Quality of Life among University Students

Quality of life (QoL) among university students is a critical concern that impacts not only their academic success but also their overall well-being and prospects. Social relationships are critical for university students' quality of life. Positive social interactions and a supportive network can enhance students' sense of belonging and emotional well-being. However, many students struggle with loneliness and social isolation on campus. This study aims to investigate the association between civic engagement (social engagement, social network, and social embeddedness) and the QoL among university students. We conducted this cross-sectional study among 179 university students on the UiTM Puncak Alam campus via an online survey. We adapted the questionnaire from previous studies and used SPSS version 29 to analyze the data. The Pearson correlation test revealed a link between all the independent variables and the dependent variable, demonstrating both convergent and concurrent validity. The regression analysis showed that social embeddedness was the best predictor of QoL, followed by attitude and behavior. A secure social environment can help one adapt more effectively and provide emotional support, which lowers the risk of depressive symptoms and improves the QoL. In addition, active involvement in social activities helps to increase the sense of belonging to the university community. Identifying oneself as a member of a group of peers, faculty, and staff contributes to the student’s self-concept and higher self-esteem, which is vital in terms of psychological health and QoL.

Association Between Internet Addiction, Perceived Stress, Salivary Cortisol Level and Educational Declare in Dental Students

Background and Objectives: Internet addiction is one of the challenges of students that may affect their academic performance and cause stress. One of the metabolic changes related to stress is the salivary cortisol level. This study aims to evaluate the relationship of internet addiction with perceived stress, salivary cortisol level, and academic failure in dental students. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design, 123 dental students from Qom University of Medical Sciences participated. They were selected by a census sampling method. A demographic form, the internet addiction test, and the perceived stress scale were completed by them. Their academic failure was assessed and their salivary cortisol level was measured by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation test, and regression analysis. Results: Internet addiction had a positive and significant relationship with perceived stress (r=0.21, P=0.003) and its two domains of negative perception (r=0.301, P=0.005) and positive perception (r=0.279, P=0.009). However, it had no significant relationship with salivary cortisol level (P=0.123) or academic failure (P=0.614). Conclusion: It seems that decreasing internet addiction can reduce the perceived stress of dental students.

The effect of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the microbiome of the sponge, Halichondria panicea, at three coastal sites with different bathing water quality in North east England

The breadcrumb sponge, Halichondria panicea, is a cosmopolitan marine species. Life functions, such as feeding, metabolism and defence, are maintained through microbial symbiosis. As such, perturbations to the symbiotic balance can be expected to affect the health and survival of the sponge. Although generally tolerant of environmental variables, such as temperature, pH and salinity, responses to anthropogenic factors are poorly understood. In this study, the microbial community of the H. panicea was examined over the course of 1 year. Sponge and seawater samples were collected in January, April, July and October 2022, from three locations with different levels of bathing water quality, according to the UK’s Environment Agency. Samples were sequenced using the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were inferred from the generated data. Differences in bacterial diversity and abundance among sponge samples from the three locations were examined. A correlation test was used to study the effect of physical and chemical environmental factors along with faecal indicator bacteria on the abundance of the top ten most abundant bacterial phyla. Environmental factors (determined from seawater physicochemical properties) and pollution (determined from trace metals, nutrients and faecal bacteria levels) were found to play an important role in shaping the microbial community of this sponge. The sponge microbiome showed a noticeable seasonal shift, with some species flourishing in January and others emerging in April, notably the faecal and coliform bacteria. Sponge microbiomes from sites with poor-quality bathing water were generally less diverse and had lower microbial abundance, resulting in a greater range of intra-species dispersion than those of sponges living in excellent–good quality waters.