Correlation Significance Test Research Articles

Improving Likert scale big data analysis in psychometric health economics: reliability of the new compositional data approach

Bipolar psychometric scales data are widely used in psychologic healthcare. Adequate psychological profiling benefits patients and saves time and costs. Grant funding depends on the quality of psychotherapeutic measures. Bipolar Likert scales yield compositional data because any order of magnitude of agreement towards an item assertion implies a complementary order of magnitude of disagreement. Using an isometric log-ratio (ilr) transformation the bivariate information can be transformed towards the real valued interval scale yielding unbiased statistical results increasing the statistical power of the Pearson correlation significance test if the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) of statistics is satisfied. In practice, however, the applicability of the CLT depends on the number of summands (i.e., the number of items) and the variance of the data generating process (DGP) of the ilr transformed data. Via simulation we provide evidence that the ilr approach also works satisfactory if the CLT is violated. That is, the ilr approach is robust towards extremely large or infinite variances of the underlying DGP increasing the statistical power of the correlation test. The study generalizes former results pointing out the universality and reliability of the ilr approach in psychometric big data analysis affecting psychometric health economics, patient welfare, grant funding, economic decision making and profits.

The Influence Of Learning Motivation And Independence On Learning Outcomes Of Creative Project And Entrepreneurship (PKK) Subjects In SMK N 6 Padang

This research aims to describe and analyze the influence of motivation and learning independence on learning outcomes in the Creative Entrepreneurship Project (PKK) subject in the culinary department of SMK N 6 Padang. In this research, measurements will be carried out to determine the influence of motivation and learning independence on learning outcomes in the Creative Entrepreneurship Project (PKK) subject. This research uses a type of correlation research using a quantitative approach. In this study, the population and sample were the same, namely class XI students majoring in culinary, totaling 101 people. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling. Data collection was carried out via Google form and used a Likert scale whose validity and reliability had been tested. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis tests, normality tests, linearity tests, multicollinearity tests, multivariate tests and correlation significance tests. The results of the research show that: 1) the correlation coefficient of motivation and learning independence on learning outcomes in PKK subjects is 0.256 which is included in the low category, 2) there is a significant influence between motivation and learning outcomes in PKK subjects with a sig value of 0.00 < 0, 05 so it can be concluded that H1 is accepted, 3) there is an influence between independence and learning outcomes in PKK subjects with a sig value of 0.002 < 0.05 so it can be concluded that H2 is accepted, 4) there is a simultaneous influence between motivation and independence on learning outcomes in PKK subjects with sig 0.000 < 0.05 and Fcount 8.659 > Ftable 3.09 .

Hubungan Kekuatan Otot Tungkai Terhadap Hasil Lompat Jauh Pada Siswa / Siswi Kelas VIII Di SMP N 22 Kota Bengkulu

This study aims to determine the relationship between leg muscle strength and long jump results in students of class VII.2 at SMP N 22 Bengkulu City. This research method is quantitative description research. The sample in this study based on these criteria amounted to 32 students. The results of hypothesis testing tests that leg muscle strength that there is a significant relationship between leg muscle explosiveness on long jump results. With this significant relationship can be seen based on the test results Significant correlation coefficient (thitung = 7,72129107>ttabel = 2,04227) Based on the correlation significance test The relationship between leg muscles (X) to the results of the long jump (Y) as seen in the table above obtained thitung = 7,72129107>ttabel = 2,04227 at a significant level α = 0.05 divided by 2 because it has 2 variables so that the significance level is α = 0.025. Thus Ha which says there is a relationship between leg muscle strength (X) and long jump results (Y) in students of class VII.2 is accepted, consequently Ho is rejected. This finding concludes that there is a relationship between leg muscle strength and long jump results in students of class VII.2 at SMP N 22 Bengkulu City.

Effects of precipitation changes on fractional vegetation cover in the Jinghe River basin from 1998 to 2019

Studying the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of vegetation and the effect of precipitation changes is necessary for understanding the regional ecological environment. We used trend analysis, partial correlation analysis, significance tests, and residual trend analysis to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) in the Jinghe River Basin (JRB) from 1998 to 2019. The results showed that vegetation coverage in the JRB significantly improved from 1998 to 2019. FVC showed an increasing trend in 90.64% of the areas in the JRB, and the overall annual change in FVC was extremely significant (p ≤ 0.01). However, precipitation in the JRB showed an insignificant increasing trend; the annual distribution of precipitation developed in a uniform direction and the precipitation centroid tended to move backward. The area with a significant correlation between the FVC change and the precipitation concentration index accounted for the largest proportion (18.47%). Precipitation changes in the JRB generally favored vegetation recovery; however, the effect was limited and non-precipitation factors dominated the changes in FVC. Our study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of changes in precipitation patterns on vegetation cover to facilitate regional ecological protection.

Analysis of key genes in the development of lung cancer

Lung cancer is the cancer with the highest incidence rate. Due to the insidious early symptoms, more than 80% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. If certain key genes that have a main effect on oncogenic ability can be identified, researchers will be able to use precisely targeted therapies to predict and treat the cancer. In order to identify the key genes that play an important role in the development of lung cancer, this study collected gene expression data respectively from lung cancer patients and paraneoplastic samples, and used statistical modeling methods such as Pearson correlation analysis and significance test to screen out typical genes that have a high degree of variability in cancer and paraneoplastic samples and a high correlation with the survival time of patients. The study obtained 1487 genes that were significantly up-regulated in cancer samples and 447 significantly down-regulated genes. Additionally, these key genes were enriched for pathways relying on the GO and KEGG databases to obtain the common functions of these genes and to explore the biological mechanisms of lung cancer development.

Hubungan Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah dengan Motivasi Kerja Guru di SMA Negeri Kecamatan Lubuk Basung

This research is motivated by transformational leadership, which refers to leaders who can motivate their followers to perform and manage their own interests for the benefit of the organization through individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, and idealized influence, all of which result in extra effort from employees for better organizational effectiveness. However, in the Lubuk Basung District Public High School, it seems that transformational leadership has not been implemented effectively. The objectives of this research are to obtain data and information regarding 1) the transformational leadership of the school principal, 2) teacher's work motivation, and 3) the relationship between the school principal's transformational leadership style and teacher's work motivation in the Lubuk Basung District Public High School. The hypothesis proposed in this research is that there is a significant relationship between the school principal's transformational leadership and teacher's work motivation. This is a correlational research study. The population consists of all civil servant teachers teaching in the Lubuk Basung District Public High School, with a total of 83 individuals. The research sample is obtained using a proportional stratified random sampling technique with the Solvin formula, resulting in a sample size of 71 individuals. The research instrument used is a Likert Scale questionnaire with five answer options. Validity and reliability testing were performed using SPSS version 24. Data analysis involved the Product Moment Correlation test to examine the relationship between the two variables and the significance testing of the correlation using the t-test formula. The data analysis results show that 1) teacher's work motivation is at a relatively high interpretation level, at 79.40%, 2) the school principal's transformational leadership is interpreted as good, at 86.04%, and 3) there is a significant relationship between the two variables with a correlation coefficient of 0.550 and a correlation significance test of 5.465. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the school principal's transformational leadership is one of the factors that influence teacher's work motivation. This means that the higher the school principal's transformational leadership, the higher the motivation of teachers in the Lubuk Basung District Public High School.

Research on psychophysiological characteristics of construction workers during consciously unsafe behaviors

Workers' unsafe behavior is a primary cause leading to falling accidents on construction sites. This study aimed to explore how to utilize psychophysiological characteristics to predict consciously unsafe behaviors of construction workers. In this paper, a psychological questionnaire was compiled to measure risky psychology, and wireless wearable physiological recorders were employed to real-timely measure the physiological signals of subjects. The psychological and physiological characteristics were identified by correlation analysis and significance test, which were then utilized to develop unsafe behavior prediction models based on multiple linear regression and decision tree regressor. It was revealed that unsafe behavior performance was negatively correlated with task-related risk perception, while positively correlated with hazardous attitude. Subjects experienced remarkable increases in skin conductivity, while notable decreases in the inter-beat interval and skin temperature during consciously unsafe behavior. Both models developed for predicting unsafe behavior were reliably and well-fitted with coefficients of determination higher than 0.8. Whereas, each model exhibited its unique advantages in terms of prediction accuracy and interpretability. Not only could study results contribute to the body of knowledge on intrinsic mechanisms of unsafe behavior, but also provide a theoretical basis for the automatic identification of workers’ unsafe behavior.

Dissolved Oxygen Inversion Based on Himawari-8 Imagery and Machine Learning: A Case Study of Lake Chaohu

Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is a widely used and effective indicator for assessing water quality and pollution in aquatic environments. Continuous and large-scale inversion of water environments using remote sensing imagery has become a hot topic in water environmental research. Remote sensing technology has been extensively applied in water quality monitoring, but its limited sampling frequency necessitates the development of a high-frequency dynamic water quality monitoring model. In this study, we utilized Lake Chaohu as a case study. Firstly, we constructed a dynamic water quality inversion model for monitoring DO concentrations using machine learning methods, with Himawari-8 (H8) satellite imagery as input data and DO concentrations in Lake Chaohu as output data. Secondly, the developed DO concentration inversion model was employed to estimate the overall grid-based DO concentration in the Lake Chaohu region for the years 2019 to 2021. Lastly, Pearson correlation analysis and significance tests were performed to examine the correlation and significance between the estimated grid-based DO concentration and the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The results demonstrate that the Random Forest (RF) model performs best in DO concentration inversion, with a high R2 score of 0.84, and low RMSE and MAE values of 0.69 and 0.54, respectively. Compared to other models, the RF model improves average performance with a 38% increase in R2, 13% decrease in RMSE, and 33% decrease in MAE. The model accurately predicts DO concentrations. Furthermore, the inversion results reveal seasonal differences in DO concentrations in Lake Chaohu from 2019 to 2021, with higher concentrations in spring and winter, and lower concentrations in summer and autumn. The average DO concentrations in the northwest, central-south, and northeast regions of Lake Chaohu are 10.12 mg/L, 9.98 mg/L, and 9.96 mg/L, respectively, with higher concentrations in the northwest region. Pearson correlation analysis indicates a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between DO concentrations and temperature, surface pressure, latent heat flux from the atmosphere to the surface, and latent heat flux from the surface to the atmosphere, with correlation coefficients of −0.615, 0.583, −0.480, and 0.444, respectively. The results verify the feasibility of using synchronous satellites for real-time inversion of DO concentrations, providing a more efficient, economical, and accurate means for real-time monitoring of DO concentrations. This study has practical value in improving the efficiency and accuracy of water environmental monitoring.

Validation of an Italian Questionnaire of Adherence to the Ketogenic Dietary Therapies: iKetoCheck.

Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) are an effective and safe non-pharmacological treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy, but adherence can be challenging for both patients and caregivers. In Europe, there are no adequate tools to measure it other than monitoring ketosis. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Brazilian adherence questionnaire, Keto-check, into the Italian version: iKetoCheck. Using the Delphi technique, 12 judges validated the contents through agreement rates and the Content Validity Index (CVI). The iKetocheck was self-completed electronically by 61 drug-resistant epilepsy or GLUT1 deficiency patients within an interval of 15 days to measure its reproducibility. The test-retest reliability was evaluated using Pearson's correlation and relative significance test. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were made using Factor software version 12.03.02. The final tool, iKetoCheck, consists of 10 questions with 5-point Likert scale answers. It evaluates various aspects such as informing caregivers about the diet, organization of meals, measurement of ketosis, weighing food consumed, diet negligence, use of carbohydrate-free medications, attending follow-up visits, reading food labels, consulting an expert for dietary concerns, and cooking at home. The factorial analysis resulted in three factors: "attention," "organization," and "precision," with satisfactory results for indices in exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Although higher mean values of ketonemia measurement were observed in patients with a higher adherence score, these values were not statistically significant (p = 0.284). In conclusion, despite the small sample size, iKetoCheck is a valid tool for evaluating KDTs' adherence in Italian drug-resistant epilepsy or GLUT1 deficiency patients. It can provide valuable information to improve patient management and optimize the effectiveness of KDTs.

Hubungan Antara Intensitas Penggunaan Facebook dengan Kecenderungan Nomophobia Mahasiswa BK Undana

The use of facebook and nomophobia has a very negative impact on students. This study aims to determine the description of the intensity of Facebook use with the nomophobia tendency of students, and whether there is a relationship between the intensity of facebook use and the nomophobia tendency of BK Undana students. This research uses a quantitative approach with a type of correlation descriptive research. This research was carried out at the Guidance and Counseling Study Program of FKIP Nusa Cendana University Kupang with a total population of 209 people and a sample of 70 people. The sampling technique used is the purposive sampling method or respondents who have the characteristics of the same criteria. The data collection technique uses a likert scale questionnaire. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis and correlation analysis with the help of the SPPS for Windows 26.00 Version program. The results showed that (I) In general, students using Facebook are in an intermediate presentation, namely 43% for the low category in using Facebook (II) Based on the results of data analysis, the nomophobia tendency of students of the FKIP guidance and counseling study program at Nusa Cendana University is in the low category in the nomophobia tendency with a presentation of 44%. Person product moment correlation analysis shows that between the intensity of facebook use and the tendency to nomophobia has a positive directional relationship shown with an r value of 0.452 The results of the correlation significance test, showed that there was a significant relationship between the intensity of facebook use and the nomophobia tendency of students of the Guidance and Counseling Study Program FKIP Nusa Cendana Kupang University as evidenced by the r-count value > r table (0.452 >0.273). Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there is a relationship between the intensity of Facebook use and the nomophobia tendency of BK Undana students. The higher the intensity of facebook use, the higher the tendency to nomophobia, on the contrary, the lower the intensity of facebook use, the nomophobia tendency of BK Undana students is also lower.

Exploration of the composition of ancient glass artifacts based on optimization algorithms

The Silk Road facilitated exchanges between East and West, where glass played a significant role. However, ancient glass artifacts are susceptible to weathering, leading to changes in their chemical composition. This article explores the relationship between weathering and explanatory variables of glass type, color, and decoration. It presents a method for predicting the weathering degree of glass artifacts and their chemical composition content before weathering. Descriptive statistics are used to calculate the weathering degree and variation of each chemical component content, allowing for quantification of the impact of weathering on the proportion of chemical components. Logistic regression is used to obtain regression coefficients of the weathering degree and other attributes. Various measures, including correlation coefficients and significance tests, are calculated to assess the predictive power of the explanatory variables. The proposed method is valid for predicting the chemical composition proportion data before weathering, which aids further research in the archaeological field. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive approach to understanding the effect of weathering on ancient glass artifacts and predicting their chemical composition content before weathering.

The Impact Of Dilan 1990 Movie On Students' Behavior At SMA Negeri 1 Of South Bengkulu

This thesis is entitled The Impact of Dilan 1990 Movie on students’ behavior of at SMA Negeri 1 of South Bengkulu. This study aims to determine the impact of Dilan 1990 Movie on students’ behavior of at SMA Negeri 1 of South Bengkulu. This research uses quantitative research. The object of this research is the students of SMA Negeri 1 of South Bengkulu, the method used by the writer in this research is survey and documentation, the theory used in this research is the theory of Television Watching Pattern and theory Attribution. The data analysis technique used is the Likert Scale where the author uses the scale to determine the results of the answers from the respondents. The next stage in this test, the writer uses the correlation coefficient test to measure the strength of the correlation between the two variables based on the correlation coefficient interpretation, after that the correlation significance and determination coefficient test is carried out to see the effect of Dilan 1990 Movie on students’ behavior of at SMA Negeri 1 of South Bengkulu. In this study, the writer used the SPSS 26 application for the test. Based on the results of research and discussion on the Impact of Dilan 1990 Movie on students’ behavior of at SMA Negeri 1 of South Bengkulu, the correlation between the two variables is very low, insignificant and not unidirectional. This is shown from the results of the Correlation Coefficient test, the value obtained is -0,202 with a significance number of 0.05 (very low). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no impact on students’ behavior of SMA Negeri 1 of South Bengkulu.

The Reletionship between Hand Eye Coordination and Arm Muscle Strength with Upper Passing Ability in Volleyball Extracurricular Activities for Female Students of SMA Negeri 1 Tembilahan Hulu

This research is correlational, namely to determine the relationship between one variable and another. The population in this study were all female students at SMA Negeri 1 Temblahan Hulu who took part in volleyball extracurricular activities, totaling 15 students. While the sampling in this study used a total sampling technique, amounting to 15 female students. To obtain the research data, tests and measurements were carried out, namely the catch ball throwing test to measure hand-eye coordination (X1), the push-up test to measure arm muscle strength (X2) and to test upper passing ability in volleyball games (Y). From the results of the study, it was obtained that the multiple correlation coefficient rcount = 0.99 > rtable = 0.514 (the research hypothesis is accepted) and the correlation significance test (t distribution) shows tcount (2.56) > ttable (2.16) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted ( significant), and where the results of the determinant index are 90.01% and the r value is 0.99. From the results of this study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between Hand Eye Coordination and Arm Muscle Strength with Upper Passing Ability in Volleyball Extracurricular Activities for High School Female Students Negeri 1 Tembilahan Hulu, and has a very strong data interpretation.

The Contribution of Hand-Eye Coordination to Volleyball Passing Skills in Student Extracurricular Activities at SMK Negeri 1 Tembilahan

This research is correlational, namely to find out between one variable and another, while the population in this study were all female students who took part in volleyball extracurricular activities at SMK Negeri 1 Tembilahan, totaling 18 people. While the sampling technique in this study used a total sampling technique, amounting to 18 people. To obtain research data, tests and measurements were carried out, namely the Ballwerfen und-Fangen to measure hand-eye coordination and to conduct a Volleyball Upper Passing test. Before being analyzed, the data normality test was first carried out with the Lilliefors test. Data analysis used the Product Moment formula and continued with a significance test of the correlation with the t distribution. From the results of the study, it was obtained that the correlation coefficient rcount = 0.62 > rtable = 0.44 (the research hypothesis is accepted) and the correlation significance test (t distribution) shows tcount (4.02) > ttable (1.74) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted (significant), and where the result of testing the hypothesis is 0.62. This means that from the results of this study it was concluded that there was a significant contribution between Hand Eye Coordination on Volleyball Passing Skills in Student Extracurricular Activities at SMK Negeri 1 Tembilahan, and both variables had data interpretations in the Strong category.

The Impacts Of COVID-19 Pandemic on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change

The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has brought enormous damage to human life and health and socioeconomic development. Yet, the influence of COVID-19 outbreak on the environment within the context of global warming has not been fully understood. Detailed and accurate explanation for the relationship between COVID-19 and economy, carbon emissions, and methane emissions remains a challenge. This study aims to highlight the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on greenhouse gas emissions and climate change through a systematic literature review and comprehensive analysis of data from the U.S., China, Canada, and 27 European countries. To clarify the impact of COVID-19 on climate, the study outlines changes in carbon dioxide emissions by comparing data from pre-pandemic, during-pandemic, and post-pandemic (projected) scenarios. The correlation among carbon dioxide, temperature, GDP, and Population in countries is further examined with different levels of development using Pearson's Linear Correlation analysis and significance test. This study will potentially provide insights into future preparation and management of the impact of global emergency disaster emergencies.

Hubungan Kepuasan Perolehan Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling dengan Kedisiplinan Menaati Tata Tertib Sekolah pada Siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 2 Atambua

This study aims to determine: (1) Description of the Satisfaction of Receiving Counseling Services, (2) An Overview of Discipline Students, (3) The Relationship between Satisfaction. This study uses a quantitative. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Atambua with a sample of 78 students using stratified random technique. The data collection technique is a questionnaire. The data analysis technique is descriptive analysis and correlation analysis with the help of SPSS for Windows 22.00 Version. The results showed that 60 students (76.92%) of SMP Negeri 2 Atambua were satisfied with obtaining counseling services, and 57 students (73.07%) were disciplined in obeying school rules. There is a positive relationship between satisfaction with obtaining counseling services and discipline in obeying school rules with an rxy value of 0.343. The results of the correlation significance test show that there is a positive relationship with the value of r count > r table, namely 0.343 > 0.2227. Therefore, students have satisfaction such as obeying the rules that apply at school and the ability to show attitudes, behavior at school

BRAND AMBASSADOR, MINAT BELI PADA SHOPEE

<p align="justify">This study aimed to determine the brand ambassador at Shopee, to determine consumer buying interest, and to find out how much the influence of the Brand Ambassador on Buying Interest at Shopee in Ciodeng Village, Sindangresmi District, Pandeglang Regency. This study used descriptive quantitative research methods, used a sample of 100 respondents with probability sampling technique. Based on the results of research on brand ambassadors, out of a total of 100 respondents who were given 10 statements, it was concluded that the brand ambassadors used by Shopee are good. Furthermore, consumers’ buying interest at Shopee in Ciodeng Village, Sindangresmi District, Pandeglang Regency obtained a value of 2.94, the number was in the interval 2.52 – 3.27 with a high/good category. The results of the correlation analysis obtained an r value of 0.360, based on the correlation coefficient interval (0.200 – 0.399) which stated that there was a weak level of influence. While the coefficient of determination of 13% could be interpreted that the brand ambassador variable contributes 13%. Then the results of the correlation significance test using the hypothesis t test, it is known that tcount is greater than ttable, namely 3.825 > 1.671. This proved that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. So basically there was a positive and significant influence brand ambassadors on buying interest at Shopee in Ciodeng Village, Sindangresmi District, Pandeglang Regency.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Brand Ambassador, Buying Interest, Shopee.</p>

Keefektifan Model Pembelajaran Mind Mapping Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Materi Bangun Ruang pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 44 Cakranegara

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the mind mapping model on learning outcomes in mathematics. The sample of this research is fifth grade students of SD Negeri 44 Cakranegara. The experimental design used in this study is the Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The technique of collecting data on learning outcomes uses multiple choice tests and descriptions. Data on learning outcomes were analyzed using the t-test, while to calculate the effectiveness of the mind mapping model in Mathematics subject on spatial use the N-Gain (normal gain) test. The results of the study show that the learning outcomes of those who use the mind mapping learning model are greater than the learning outcomes of students whose learning uses conventional methods. Based on the results of the data analysis above, the results obtained are r count = 0.992 and r table = 0.514. According to the formula, if r count > from r table, it is said that the variables x and y are correlated with a high correlation at 5% significance in the statistical distribution table. The independent variable x has a positive and significant effect on the variable y which is at the level of 0.80 ≤ r ≤ 1.00 and its placement has very high reliability. If rcount > r table, namely 0.992> 0.514, the instrument is declared valid and reliable with a significance of 5%. Likewise with the correlation significance test obtained t table = 1.753 and t count = 2.591, if t count > t table then it means that the alternative hypothesis is accepted.

The Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on the Share Prices of Dividend Companies – A Comparative Analysis of Polish and US Issuers for the Period 2016–2020

Abstract Research background: The aim of the article is to compare Polish and US dividend companies with potential growth with dividend companies with potential value, including in the period of economic turbulence caused by the pandemic, and to identify macroeconomic determinants that affect changes in the level of share prices of dividend companies with potential value listed on the stock exchange in Poland and the US. An analysis of the literature and international studies conducted allows us to identify inflation, gross domestic product (GDP), interest rate levels, exchange rate changes, and market P/E and P/BV ratios, as well as the PMI index, as the most important macroeconomic factors. Purpose: The aim of the article was to present research on the impact of macroeconomic indicators on the prices of Polish and US shares of dividend companies, divided into shares with potential value and potential growth for the period 2016–2020. The research was enriched by analyzing the return rate on shares and the risk of the share prices of companies with potential value during the turbulence of the economy caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methodology: The study was conducted using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient and significance test for the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. A non-parametric t-test was carried out to check whether the estimated correlation is statistically significant. Results: The research indicates that Polish and US dividend companies with potential value have lower average annual return rates than dividend companies with potential growth. Referring to the determinants of the share prices of US dividend companies with potential value, it was found that they are significantly determined by inflation and moderately determined by industrial production and GDP, as well as the P/BV ratio. Novelty: The added and application value are the recommendations regarding the attractiveness of investing in Polish dividend companies with potential value as compared to companies from the US market.

Pengaruh Metode Sosiodrama terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam MI Al-Hidayah Ciampea Bogor

The problem examined in this study is to determine whether there is an influence between the use of sociodrama methods on student motivation, especially on SKI lessons. And to find out how much influence between the use of sociodrama methods on student motivation in MI Al-Hidayah Ciampea Bogor. This research is a descriptive correlation study. To conduct this research, a quantitative research approach was used. The sample in this study were all fifth grade students, totaling 23 students. In collecting data used questionnaire and observation techniques. Data analysis used was correlational analysis using the "product moment / Pearson" correlation formula, homogeneity test, significance test, determinant coefficient and simple regression analysis test. After analyzing the data, the results of this study indicate that there is an influence between the Sociodrama Method on Student Learning Motivation in Islamic Cultural History Lessons in MI Al-Hidayah Ciampea Bogor. This is indicated by obtaining the calculated value of 0.335. These results are consistent with the data interpretation table which shows that there is a weak or low correlation. Homogeneity test is obtained Fcount = 1.161 <Ftable = 2.070 then H0 is accepted and concluded that both data groups or both data variables X and Y have the same or homogeneous variants. Significance test was obtained tcount = 1.628. The coefficient of determination is 11% which means that Learning Motivation (variable Y) is influenced by the Sociodrama Method (variable X) by 11%, while the rest is determined by other factors. Keywords: Sociodrama Method, Learning Motivation in Islamic Cultural History Subjects.