Correlation Of Serum Calcium Research Articles

Correlation of Serum Calcium with Severity and Outcomes in Patients of COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Calcium is an essential electrolyte with critical physiological functions. Recently, it has been implicated in the pathogenesis and outcomes of COVID-19. This retrospective study was conducted to estimate serum ionic calcium and its correlation with clinical severity, inflammatory markers, and in-hospital outcomes in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients. We retrospectively analyzed data from 377 COVID-19 patients, aged between 23 and 79 years, with a mean age of 54.17±11.53 years. Severity of the disease was determined using ICMR criteria. Parameters including age, gender, inflammatory markers, calcium levels, and clinical outcomes were assessed. The study showed a prevalence of moderate and severe COVID-19 in 58.1% and 41.9% patients, respectively. Severity was significantly associated with younger age, higher mean inflammatory markers, notably IL-6, procalcitonin, D-Dimer, and lower ionic and total calcium levels, as well as vitamin D levels. Mortality and referral rate were significantly higher in the severe group. Hypocalcemia was prevalent in 39% of the patients and was significantly associated with disease severity, ARDS, and mortality. On multivariate assessment, only age and ionic calcium were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity. Lower serum ionic calcium levels are associated with increased severity and poor outcomes, including higher mortality in COVID-19 patients, underscoring the potential role of calcium as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in COVID-19 pneumonia and may be an important factor in various other forms of pneumonia.

Correlation of Serum Calcium and Vitamin D on SLE Disease Activity Index among SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre Structured

Correlation of Serum Calcium and Vitamin D on SLE Disease Activity Index among SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre Structured

Correlation of Serum Calcium with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Stroke or cerebrovascular accident is the most common cause for disability and third leading cause of mortality worldwide. Stroke not only accounts for leading reason for mortality and morbidity, but also puts a great economic burden on the family as well as on society. Aim: To determine the relationship between blood calcium levels and the severity of patients with acute ischemic stroke presented to the medical department HMC Peshawar. Methodology: From July 2019 to January 2020, the Department of Medicine at the Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar carried out this descriptive (cross-sectional) study. 137 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for this study. Appropriate history regarding presenting neurological deficit, occupational and socioeconomic history were taken to dig out the confounding factors. After taking history, appropriate physical examination was performed study the relationship between blood calcium levels and the severity of acute ischemic stroke Results: Out of 137 patients, 71 were males and 66 females with age range of 35-80 years (Mean 56.42 years + 12.44SD). Pearson correlation coefficient shows that severity of stroke and serum calcium have negative correlation of -0.236. Majority of patients in our research sample had ischemic strokes, as evidenced by NIHSS scores of greater than 20, followed by scores of 6–10 individuals. To support the treatment recommendation of hypercalcemia in patient who presented with electrolyte imbalance should be treated early on time to prevent stroke and its severity. Conclusion: Smoking habits of the trial participants were evenly distributed amongst the intervention groups, and they had no impact on the outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Patients with ischemic stroke consistently had lower blood calcium levels than non-diabetic patients with diabetes mellitus. In order to support the treatment advice for hypercalcemia, patients who first presented with electrolyte imbalance should receive therapy as soon as possible in order to reduce the risk of stroke and its severity. Keywords: Ischemic stroke, serum calcium, hypertension, diabetes mellitus.

Influence of duration of menopause on bone turnover markers in post-menopausal women

Introduction and Aim: Osteoporosis is common among women following 10 years of cessation of menstruation, due to bone loss accelerated by menopause. The study was done to evaluate the effect of duration of menopause on bone turnover markers (BTMs). Materials and Methods: The study involved 100 postmenopausal women; 50 osteoporotic and 50 non-osteoporotic. Comparison and correlation of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum osteocalcin (sOC) and urinary hydroxyproline (uHP) were done based on duration of menopause. Comparison of biochemical parameters was done using Independent t-test and ANOVA test for two groups and more than two groups respectively. Correlation was done using Pearson’s correlation test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: The sOC significantly declined and uHP levels increased between quartiles of duration of menopause among study participants. (p<0.001). However, in those without fractures, sOC and uHP were higher in those with <7 years since menopause (YSM) and then plateaued after 8 YSM. The percentage of osteoporotic women having >15 YSM was 82%. Duration of menopause correlated better with sOC (r=-0.633) than uHP (r=0.575) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Osteoporotic fractures were higher in more than 15 YSM. There was no difference in both sOC and uHP in those with fractures, proving non-significance of screening these markers once the fractures have occurred. As sOC correlates better with duration of menopause, monitoring of sOC in early years of menopause is required to prevent osteoporotic fractures and associated burden through prophylactic treatment.

Correlation of serum calcium with severity of acute ischaemic stroke.

Stroke results in the death of around 6.5 million people annually with a majority of these occurring in developing countries. Serum calcium has been hypothesised to play a significant role in causing ischaemic stroke. This retrospective observational study was conducted to determine the correlation, if any, between serum calcium and the severity of acute ischaemic stroke in our population. Two hundred and seventy-nine patients admitted with acute ischaemic stroke were enrolled in the study. Of the 279 patients 162 (58%) were male and mean age was 62.4 ± 3.8 years. Characteristics of stroke patients were compared with stroke severity. Mean albumin corrected serum calcium and Scandinavian stroke severity score was 9.1 (± 5.6) and 33.67 (± 15.2), respectively. Hypertension and mean GCS on admission were significantly associated with increased stroke severity score. However, no correlation was observed between serum calcium and severity of acute ischaemic stroke.

Correlation of Serum Calcium with Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background: There have been no studies investigating the relationship between serum calcium level at admission and long-term cardiovascular outcome in patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Objectives: This study aimed to explore the correlation of admission serum calcium with cardiovascular outcome in ACS patients. Methods: This longitudinal study included 105 ACS or suspected ACS patients who were referred to the Coronary Care Unit between June 1st, 2015, and August 31st, 2016. Serum calcium was measured upon admission, and the patients were followed up till November 30th, 2016. Cardiovascular death or cardiovascular re-hospitalization was the study's end. Results: According to the median of serum calcium, the patients were divided into two groups of lower (n=47) and higher serum calcium (n=58). Kaplan-Meier analysis found that patients with lower serum calcium had an obviously reduced cardiovascular event-free survival (log-rank χ2=5.594, P=0.018), compared to those with higher serum calcium. Furthermore, lower serum calcium level (HR=0.265, 95% CI=0.072-0.981, P=0.047) independently correlated with poor cardiovascular outcome in ACS or suspected ACS patients after adjustment for potential confounders in the multivariable Cox model. Conclusion: Lower serum calcium upon admission independently correlated with poor long-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with severe coronary artery disease.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND SERUM CALCIUM LEVEL IN POPULATION OF CENTRAL INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Introduction: Characterized by excess adipose tissue mass and body fat distribution may have a negative impact on health of a people and their wellbeing. . Prevalence of obesity has drastically increased in last three decades which has been found to reduce the life expectancy and overall quality of life. One among six adults all over the world and nearly 2.8 million individuals die every year due to obesity or being overweight according to the WHO. There is a huge burden of cost associated with obesity in health care system due to long term consequences of the disease. Calcium stimulates the activity and expression of fatty acid synthaze which is a key enzyme in novo lipogenesis and inhibits lipolysis in calcium dependent trend. Various important functions such as neuronal activity, muscle contraction, aggregation of platelets, and resistance of insulin, cellular death and hypertension are mediated by intracellular calcium. Thus increase in concentration of intracellular calcium adipose tissues promotes storage of triglycerides in adipocytes by exerting a control of lipogenesis and lipolysis in coordination.
 Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at K.M. Medical College and Hospital Matura UP. The study was done on 100 subjects with same number of healthy matched controls. Those patients with pre-existing disease such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, endocrine disorders, renal diseases, smoking, subjects on oral vitamin D or calcium supplementation or family history of obesity or postmenopausal women, pregnant females were excluded from the study.
 Results: It is observed that the serum calcium levels were significantly high in cases i.e. obese subjects compared to non-obese controls. Correlation of serum calcium with BMI was 0.65 while with waist to hip ratio it was found to be 0.51 among cases. In controls the correlation of BMI and serum calcium was observed to be 0.32 whereas it was 0.21 with waist to hip ratio.
 Conclusion: From present study it can be noted that serum calcium is positively correlated with BMI and waist to Hip ratio and are increased in obese people. This supports the assertion that calcium may have a fundamental role in risk of development of obesity and obesity may have an impact on calcium metabolism which leads to hypercalcemia.

Correlation of serum calcium with blood pressure and Body Mass Index (BMI) among ischemic stroke patients in Bangladesh

Correlation of serum calcium with blood pressure and Body Mass Index (BMI) among ischemic stroke patients in Bangladesh

Correlation of serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels with eGFR in newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease patients

Correlation of serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels with eGFR in newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease patients

Correlation of Serum Calcium and Magnesium with Preeclampsia

.

Canine lymphosarcoma: a model for study of the hypercalcemia of cancer.

Lymphosarcoma of domestic dogs is often accompanied by hypercalcemia. We have carried out studies to determine the usefulness of this common canine neoplasm as a model for paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. The study population consisted of 27 healthy control dogs, 13 with hypercalcemic lymphosarcoma, and 28 normocalcemic dogs with lymphosarcoma. Studies included measurement of circulating calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and prostaglandin E2 (iPGE2) concentrations, and determination of in vitro bone-resorbing activity in supernatant culture media from normal and neoplastic lymphoid tissue. Hypercalcemia was severe in the affected group (mean ± SE, 14.9±0.5 mg/dl, normals 10.1±0.1 mg/dl) and associated with decreased renal function (serum creatinine 2.0±0.4 mg/dl, normal 0.8±0.1 mg/dl,P<0.001). Radiographs and autopsies showed no bone destruction. Despite renal insufficiency, hypercalcemic dogs had subnormal serum iPTH concentrations (12±1 ngEq/ml, normals 37±6 ngEq/ml,P<0.05). Creatinine and iPTH were normal in the normocalcemic tumor-bearing dogs. When antitumor therapy lowered serum calcium to normal or below in 5 hypercalcemic dogs, iPTH rose markedly in all while renal function improved. Plasma iPGE2 levels did not differ among the groups, nor did high-dose oral aspirin or indomethacin treatment lower elevated serum calcium (two dogs). Culture media from normal lymphoid tissue and control culture media had no effect on release of45Ca from prelabeled fetal mouse forelimb bones, but media from tumor tissue increased45Ca release. However, correlation of serum calcium with in vitro bone-resorbing activity was poor. We conclude that (a) the hypercalcemia of canine lymphosarcoma is mediated not by bone metastases or “ectopic” secretion of PTH, but by other bone-resorbing factors secreted by the tumors; and (b) canine lymphosarcoma may be a valuable experimental model for study of some human paraneoplastic hypercalcemias.