Behavioral Correlates Research Articles

Disentangling the neural underpinnings of response inhibition in disruptive behavior and co-occurring ADHD.

While impaired response inhibition has been reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), findings in disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) have been inconsistent, probably due to unaccounted effects of co-occurring ADHD in DBD. This study investigated the associations of behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition with DBD and ADHD symptom severity, covarying for each other in a dimensional approach. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were available for 35 children and adolescents with DBDs (8-18 years old, 19 males), and 31 age-matched unaffected controls (18 males) while performing a performance-adjusted stop-signal task. No significant association was found between behavioral performance and symptom severities. However, contrasting successful inhibition with failed inhibition revealed that DBD and ADHD symptom severity was associated with greater activation in the right inferior frontal regions and reduced activation in the bilateral striatal regions, respectively. During successful inhibition versus go-trials, ADHD symptom severity was associated with the left lateral occipital cortex activation. The contrast of failed inhibition versus go-trials revealed reduced activation in the right frontal and left parietal regions associated with DBD symptom severity while ADHD symptom severity was associated with bilateral precunei, dorsolateral prefrontal and left posterior parietal regions. Except for the right inferior frontal regions during successful versus failed inhibition, all clusters were also found to be inversely associated with the other dimension of interest (i.e., DBD or ADHD symptoms). Opposite direction of the associations between DBD and ADHD symptom severity, and fronto-parietal and fronto-striatal activation suggest unique contributions of DBD and ADHD to the neural correlates of response inhibition.

Scale-free Spatio-temporal Correlations in Conformational Fluctuations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins.

The self-assembly of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) into condensed phases and the formation of membrane-less organelles (MLOs) can be considered as the phenomenon of collective behavior. The conformational dynamics of IDPs are essential for their interactions and the formation of a condensed phase. From a physical perspective, collective behavior and the emergence of phase are associated with long-range correlations. Here the conformational dynamics of IDPs and the correlations therein are analyzed, using µs-scale atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) experiments. The existence of typical scale-free spatio-temporal correlations in IDP conformational fluctuations is demonstrated. Their conformational evolutions exhibit "1/f noise" power spectra and are accompanied by the appearance of residue domains following a power-law size distribution. Additionally, the motions of residues present scale-free behavioral correlation. These scale-free correlations resemble those in physical systems near critical points, suggesting that IDPs are poised at a critical state. Therefore, IDPs can effectively respond to finite differences in sequence compositions and engender considerable structural heterogeneity which is beneficial for IDP interactions and phase formation.

Neural processing of auditory stimuli in rats: translational aspects using auditory oddball paradigms.

The three-class oddball paradigm allows to investigate the processing of behaviorally relevant and irrelevant auditory stimuli. In humans, event-related potentials (ERPs) are used as neural correlate of behavior. We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in rats during three-class and passive two-class oddball paradigms and analyzed the ERPs focusing on similarities to human recordings. Rats were trained in a three-class auditory oddball paradigm to respond by nose poke to an infrequent Target tone that was rewarded, while ignoring an infrequent Distractor and frequent Standard tone of different frequencies. After reaching a success criterion of correct responses to the Target and correct rejection of the Standard and Distractor (80%,each), electrodes were stereotaxically implanted into the mPFC. The recording of the neuronal activity took place in the three-class oddball paradigm as well as in a passive two-class oddball paradigm with unfamiliar frequencies. Correct responding to the Target tone was accompanied by a higher amplitude of the ERP in comparison to the Standard and Distractor tones (p<0.05). Target Miss, or incorrect responding to Distractor or Standard led to reduced, respectively enhanced peak latency. In the two-class oddball paradigm, the amplitude of the Distractor ERP was enhanced as compared to that after Standard (p<0.05). ERPs derived from mPFC LFPs of rats show key characteristics similar to that derived from human EEGs. This model allows to investigate the processing of behaviorally important and irrelevant auditory stimuli in subcortical brain regions in a translational approach.

Neural correlates of vicarious reward processing and peer victimization experiences in late childhood.

This preregistered study examined the neural correlates of vicarious reward processing and subsequent trust behavior in relation to experiences of victimization averaged over two years in late childhood. This study used a sample of children with prospective longitudinal data on peer victimization over the past two years (nbehavioral = 83, 49.4 % girls, Mage = 10.6 years, nfmri = 62). Participants played an fMRI vicarious reward task in which they could win or lose money for themselves and two other peers. The two other peers were experimentally manipulated to either include or exclude the participant in a Cyberball task prior to the task. Additionally, trust in the two peers was assessed using a one-shot trust game. Results revealed ventral striatum activation when winning (versus losing) for oneself, and activation in the dmPFC, vmPFC and precuneus when playing for excluders rather than for oneself. Victimization predicted decreased ventral striatum activation during personal rewards, and increased activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex when playing for excluders rather than for oneself. Finally, averaged victimization was associated with increased differentiation in trust toward the including and excluding peers. Together, these findings contribute to our understanding of the social cognitions and behaviors of victims of bullying.

Differentiating the neurobiological correlates for reading gains in children with reading difficulties with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using fMRI.

Reading difficulties (RD) frequently co-occur with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and children with both RD + ADHD often demonstrate greater challenges in reading and executive functions (EF) than those with RD-only. This study examined the effect of a 4-week EF-based reading intervention on behavioral and neurobiological correlates of EF among 8-12 y.o. English-speaking children with RD + ADHD (n = 19), RD-only (n = 18), and typically developing children (n = 18). Behavioral and resting-state fMRI data were collected from all participants before and after 4 weeks of the EF-based reading computerized program. Group (RD + ADHD, RD-only, typical readers) x Test (pre- and post-intervention) repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted for reading, EF, and brain functional connectivity (FC) measures. Across groups, reading (fluency, comprehension) and EF (inhibition, speed of processing) behavioral performance improved following the intervention. Exploratory subgroup comparisons revealed that children with RD + ADHD, but not RD-only, showed significant gains in reading comprehension, whereas inhibition improved in both RD groups, but not among typical readers. Furthermore, across groups, FC between the frontoparietal (FP) and cingulo-opercular (CO) networks decreased following the intervention. Exploratory subgroup comparisons revealed that children with RD + ADHD, but not RD-only, showed a significant decrease in FC of FP-CO and FP-dorsal attention network. These results support the differential response to an EF-based reading intervention of children with RD with and without comorbid ADHD at brain and behavioral levels.

The interplay of time and space in human behavior: a sociological perspective on the TSCH model

The concept of spatiotemporal correlation, initially rooted in the domain of physics, has increasingly become of interest to scholars across various fields. This burgeoning interest is especially noted within the realm of human dynamics, where the examination of human behavior’s spatiotemporal aspects is emerging. The exploration into the nuanced ways in which human actions intertwine with geographical contexts is paramount. This paper delves into the Time-Space Characteristic Correlation of Human Behavior (TSCH) model, a pioneering framework that melds the intricacies of human behavior with geographic considerations through a micro-dynamic approach to population strategy, employing the mean-field limit method. This study scrutinizes the spatiotemporal dynamics of individual travel behaviors, focusing on specific traits such as sudden increases in activity (paroxysm B), behavioral memory (M), and the radius of gyration (Rg). The stability of these behavioral waves is evaluated through the application of the “db4” wavelet basis function, revealing stable fluctuations in population travel patterns that resonate deeply with regional characteristics. The model enables the computation of the overall cost burden of area visits for local residents, uncovering a power-law correlation between this cost and the spatial attractiveness of urban centers when analyzed at a collective level. Our findings underscore a profound linkage between the temporal and spatial patterns of human behavior at the urban scale. Furthermore, the TSCH model’s advancement facilitates a nuanced understanding of complex social issues, including urban development, public health management, and transportation systems optimization, offering valuable insights for sociological inquiry and practical application in addressing contemporary societal challenges.

Brain volumes, cognitive, and adaptive skills in school-age children with Down syndrome

BackgroundDown syndrome (DS) is the most common congenital neurodevelopmental disorder, present in about 1 in every 700 live births. Despite its prevalence, literature exploring the neurobiology underlying DS and how this neurobiology is related to behavior is limited. This study fills this gap by examining cortical volumes and behavioral correlates in school-age children with DS.MethodsSchool-age children (mean = 9.7 years ± 1.1) underwent comprehensive assessments, including cognitive and adaptive assessments, as well as an MRI scan without the use of sedation. Children with DS (n = 35) were compared to available samples of typically developing (TD; n = 80) and ASD children (n = 29). ANOVAs were conducted to compare groups on cognitive and adaptive assessments. ANCOVAs (covarying for age, sex, and total cerebral volume; TCV) compared cortical brain volumes between groups. Correlations between behavioral metrics and cortical and cerebellar volumes (separately for gray (GM) and white matter (WM)) were conducted separately by group.ResultsAs expected, children with DS had significantly lower cognitive skills compared to ASD and TD children. Daily Living adaptive skills were comparable between ASD children and children with DS, and both groups scored lower than TD children. Children with DS exhibited a smaller TCV compared to ASD and TD children. Additionally, when controlling for TCV, age, and sex, children with DS had significantly smaller total GM and tissue volumes. Cerebellum volumes were significantly correlated with Daily Living adaptive behaviors in the DS group only.ConclusionsDespite children with DS exhibiting lower cognitive skills and smaller brain volume overall than children with ASD, their deficits in Socialization and Daily Living adaptive skills are comparable. Differences in lobar volumes (e.g., Right Frontal GM/WM, Left Frontal WM, and Left and Right Temporal WM) were observed above and beyond overall differences in total volume. The correlation between cerebellum volumes and Daily Living adaptive behaviors in the DS group provides a novel area to explore in future research.

Author Correction: The relation between cortical gene expression and the neural correlates of risky behavior

Author Correction: The relation between cortical gene expression and the neural correlates of risky behavior

Repeated epidural stimulation modulates cervical spinal cord excitability in healthy adult rats.

Spinal evoked motor responses (SEMR) are utilized in longitudinal pre-clinical and human studies to reflect the in-vivo physiological changes in neural networks secondary to a spinal cord injury (SCI) or neuro-rehabilitative treatments utilizing epidural stimulation (ES). However, it remains unknown whether the repeated ES exposure during SEMR testing itself modulates spinal cord physiology and accompanying SEMR characteristics. To answer this, ES was delivered to the cervical spinal cord using standard stimulation paradigms during multiple SEMR data acquisition sessions (~ 17h spanning across 100 days) in ten healthy adult rats. Cervical SEMR at rest and forelimb muscle activity during reaching and grasping task were collected before and after 100 days. We noted a persistent increase in SEMR activity relative to baseline, with prominent changes in the mono and poly-synaptic components of SEMR. The findings indicate increased spinal cord excitability. Increased spinal cord excitability translated into increased forelimb muscle activation during the reaching and grasping task. For the majority of SEMR and muscle activity increase, effect size was large or very large. Cervical SEMR are amenable to modulation by routine ES testing protocols, with prominent changes in the mono and poly-synaptic components of SEMR. Since repeated stimulation during multiple testing alone increases cord excitability, we recommend (1) SEMR may be used with caution to infer the physiological status of the spinal circuitry (2) utilizing appropriate control groups and motor behavioral correlates for meaningful functional interpretation in longitudinal neuromodulation studies involving multiple SEMR testing sessions following a SCI.

Deficits in emotional cognition among individuals with conduct disorder: theoretical perspectives

Conduct disorder refers to a persistent and repetitive pattern of problematic behavior, and is usually accompanied by deficits in cognitive processing of emotional stimuli. Behavioral and physiological correlates of these deficits have been the subject of sufficiently many investigations. Meanwhile, several theories concerning conduct disorder have been developed. However, the validity of these theories to explain the emotional processing deficits among conduct-disordered individuals has not been tested. Here we summarized four relevant theories, including “social-cognitive theory and social-information-processing theory”, “violence inhibition model”, “optimal stimulation/arousal theory and stimulation/sensation seeking theory”, and “fearlessness theory”, and discussed their validity in predicting the emotional processing deficits among conduct disordered individuals. Future directions on the theories and evidence were proposed.

Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation and Associations With Disordered Eating During Preadolescence.

Difficulties with emotion regulation have been documented in individuals with eating and internalizing disorders. However, there is limited research examining the cognitive processes underlying these difficulties. Using a dimensional approach, the current study examined the link between the behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition, disordered eating, and internalizing symptoms in a community sample of preadolescents. A total of 50 children (M age=10.9years; 58% male) completed an emotion Go/No-Go task, while ERP components were recorded, as well as self-report measures of disordered eating and internalizing symptoms. In addition, children completed an emotion recognition task to establish whether there were fundamental differences in emotion recognition across high and low levels of disordered eating and internalizing symptoms. Increased disordered eating was associated with increased mean P3-NoGo amplitudes when inhibiting responses to happy facial expressions, as well as poorer recognition of happy faces. These associations were not found for internalizing symptoms. Our findings suggest an early disruption in response inhibition, specifically for happy emotional expressions, may be relevant to the development of disordered eating behaviors in preadolescence.

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression: Behavioral and neural correlates of clinical improvement.

Affective bias toward negativity is associated with depression and may represent a promising treatment target. Stimulating the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) with deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) could lead to shifts in affective bias. The current study examined behavioral and neural correlates of affective bias in the context of dTMS in adolescents with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Adolescents completed a Word-Face Stroop (WFS) task during an fMRI scan before and after 30 sessions of dTMS targeting the left dlPFC. In the task, participants were shown words superimposed on faces in either a "congruent" (both word and face were positive or both negative) or an "incongruent" fashion; in both cases, participants identified whether the words were positive or negative. We examined pre-post intervention neural and behavioral WFS changes and their correlations with clinical improvement. Usable pre- and post-intervention WFS data were available for 10 adolescents with TRD (Age, years: M = 16.3, SD = 1.09) for behavioral data; 9 for neuroimaging data. After treatment, although changes in behavioral performance did not suggest improved affective bias, amygdala activation decreased during the negative word/happy face condition, which correlated with clinical improvement. Overall, clinical improvement correlated with decreased neural activation during congruent conditions. Major limitations include the small sample size, lack of a sham control group, and unknown psychometric properties. Preliminary findings suggesting improving neural efficiency and normalizing affective bias in those with the most clinical improvement highlight the potential importance of targeting affective bias in treating adolescents with TRD.

Dinosaur palaeoneurology: an evolving science.

Our fascination with dinosaur brains and their capabilities essentially began with the first dinosaur discovery. The history of this study is a useful reflection of palaeoneurology as a whole and its relationship to a more inclusive evolutionary neuroscience. I argue that this relationship is imbued with high heuristic potential, but one whose realization requires overcoming certain constraints. These constraints include the need for a stable phylogenetic framework, methods for efficient and precise endocast construction, and fossil researchers who are steeped in a neuroscience perspective. The progress that has already been made in these areas sets the stage for a more mature palaeoneurology-not only one capable of being informed by neuroscience discoveries but one that drives such discoveries. I draw from work on the size, shape, behavioural correlates and developmental role of the dinosaur brain to outline current advances in dinosaur palaeoneurology. My examples largely are taken from theropods and centre on questions related to the origin of birds and their unique locomotory capabilities. The hope, however, is that these exemplify the potential for study in other dinosaur groups, and for utilizing the dinosaur-bird lineage as a parallel model on a par with mammals for studying encephalization.

"Actor-critic" dichotomous hyperactivation and hypoconnectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Dysfunctional response inhibition, mediated by the striatum and its connections, is thought to underly the clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the exact neural mechanisms remain controversial. In this study, we undertook a novel approach by positing that a) inhibition is a dynamic construct inherently susceptible to numerous failures, which require error-processing, and b) the actor-critic framework of reinforcement learning can integrate neural patterns of inhibition and error-processing in OCD with their behavioural correlates. We invited nineteen adults with OCD and 21 age-matched healthy controls to perform an fMRI-adjusted stop-signal task. Then, we extracted brain activation and connectivity values regarding distinct task phases in the "actor" and "critic" regions, here corresponding to the caudate's head and dorsal putamen, and midbrain's nuclei (ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra). During response preparation phases of the inhibitory process, individuals with OCD exhibited decreased functional connectivity between the "critic" structures and frontal regions involved in cognitive and executive control. Activity analysis revealed task-related hyperactivation in the midbrain alongside error-processing-specific hyperactivation in the striatum, which was correlated with excessive behavioural slowness, also found in the clinical group. Finally, we identified a remarkable opponency between activity in the ventral tegmental area and caudate leading to direct increases and indirect decreases in symptom severity. We propose a unique "actor-critic"-based domain- and timing-dependent neural profile in OCD, reflecting "harm-avoidant" styles for response suppression, and influencing symptom severity. The dichotomy of hypoconnectivity and hyperactivation in the "critic" along with the opponent relationship between the "actor" and the "critic" in determining symptom severity suggests the implication of neural adaptation mechanisms in OCD with potential relevance for neurobiologically-driven therapies.

Exploration of auditory statistical learning, socioeconomic status, and language outcomes in Bangladeshi children: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Auditory statistical learning, or the ability to detect statistical regularities in continuously presented stimuli, is thought to be one element that underlies language acquisition. Prior studies have uncovered behavioral and neural correlates of statistical learning, yet additional work is needed from low- and middle-income countries to explore whether statistical learning varies across cultures or underlies associations often found between socioeconomic status (SES) and language outcomes. In the present study, we explored the feasibility of using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore auditory statistical learning in Bangladesh, a lower-middle-income country. Participants were 102 2-year-old (M = 25.72 months, SD = 2.07 months) and 125 5-year-old children (M = 62.35 months, SD = 2.46 months) living in a low-income urban neighborhood of Dhaka (average family income of 28,145.13 Bangladeshi Takas or 260.06 U.S. dollars per month). We also collected measures of SES and language outcomes. Brain responses during the statistical learning paradigm could be detected with fNIRS in both two- and 5-year-olds, with 2-year-olds exhibiting a higher response to predictable sequences and 5-year-olds exhibiting higher responses to unpredictable sequences. fNIRS correlates of statistical learning were not related to language outcomes but were associated with SES in the 5-year-old cohort. This study demonstrates the utility of employing fNIRS to study the neural correlates of statistical learning in low- and middle-income countries and the feasibility of expanding the representativeness of the existing literature. These findings also highlight potential areas for inquiry into how SES may relate to individual differences in statistical learning responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Understanding apathy: behavioral and neural correlates of apathy in neurodegenerative disorders

Understanding apathy: behavioral and neural correlates of apathy in neurodegenerative disorders

Uptake of metals, metalloids, and radiocesium varies with habitat use among passerine communities at coal combustion and nuclear fission legacy waste sites.

Releases of coal combustion and nuclear fission wastes create contaminated landscapes that pose long-term management challenges. Efforts to facilitate the natural attenuation of legacy wastes in the environment can provide attractive habitat for passerine birds. Passerines have diverse foraging and nesting behaviors that lead to heterogenous contaminant exposure, yet few studies investigate contaminant uptake in passerines on a community scale. This study evaluated whether variation in habitat use strategies among passerines predicted the ongoing uptake of waste-derived elements by birds inhabiting coal combustion and nuclear fission legacy waste areas on the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Blood concentrations of selenium, arsenic, mercury, zinc, copper, and lead were measured in 362 birds from 35 species. Whole-body radioactivity concentrations due to cesium-137 were measured in vivo in 143 birds from 31 species using a novel, field-based gamma spectrometry system. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate whether trophic category and degree of terrestriality predicted contaminant burdens among passerine communities. Selenium, mercury, arsenic, and cesium-137 were elevated in passerines inhabiting legacy waste sites compared to those at reference sites. Blood concentrations of selenium and mercury varied by trophic category, whereas arsenic and cesium-137 increased with degree of terrestriality. The behavioral correlates of contaminant uptake among passerines provide insight into the mobility of waste-derived elements in ecosystems and inform species-level risk assessments. Future studies should use in vivo gamma spectrometry to conduct long-term field studies that evaluate the effects of internal radiation in small-bodied wildlife.

HD-tACS over the left frontal aslant tract entrains theta activity associated with speech motor control.

Transient disruption or permanent damage to the left Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT) is associated with deficits in speech production. The present study examined the application of theta (4 Hz) high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation (HD-tACS) over the left SMA and IFG -as a part of FAT- as a potential multisite protocol to modulate neural and behavioral correlates of speech motor control. Twenty-one young adults participated in three counterbalanced sessions in which they received in-phase, anti-phase, and sham theta HD-tACS. In each session, 4 Hz stimulation was applied over the left IFG and SMA, and subsequently EEG data was recorded while participants performed a speech Go/No-Go task. Relative to sham and anti-phase, in-phase HD-tACS significantly improved speech reaction time. Neural data showed an increase in the power of frontal theta activity prior to speech initiation for the in-phase condition compared to sham. Moreover, in-phase stimulation increased the phase synchrony of theta activity between the left central and frontal electrodes. For speech inhibition, the power of theta activity increased following the in-phase condition over frontocentral electrodes. Furthermore, the in-phase condition enhanced the connectivity between the left central and frontal electrodes. Overall findings suggest that in-phase theta HD-tACS of FAT enhanced the neural markers of cognitive control required for motor preparation and inhibition during a speech task and have translational implications.

Personality traits, peer influence as a correlate of Nomophobic behaviour among undergraduate students in Obafemi Awolowo university, ILE-IFE, Nigeria.

The study investigated the prevalence of Nomophobic behaviour among undergraduate students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. It also ascertained the correlate of each of students’ psychosocial factors (personality traits and peer influence) and Nomophobic behaviour among undergraduates. It examined the correlates of students’ social factor (peer influence) and Nomophobic behaviour and ascertained the correlates of psychological factor (personality traits) and Nomophobic behaviour among students in the study area. These were with a view to providing information on psychosocial factors that have relationship with Nomophobic behaviour among the students. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The population for the study consisted of Obafemi Awolowo University undergraduate students. A sample of 1080 undergraduate students of Obafemi Awolowo University was selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Six faculties out of 13 were selected using simple random sampling technique and two departments were selected from each of the six faculties using simple random sampling technique to give a total of 12 departments in all. Convenient sampling technique was used to select 90 (100 level to 400/500 level) students from each of the two departments selected in each faculty to make a total of 1080 respondents in all. One instrument titled Psychosocial and Nomophobic Behaviour among Undergraduate Students which contained five sections; Section A comprised item on students’ Nomophobic behaviour, Section B, contained items on students’ personality traits, and Section C comprised items on peer influence, Data collected were analyzed using percentage, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression analyses. The results showed that (83.8%) of the undergraduate students exhibited moderate level of Nomophobic behaviour. Furthermore, the results established that there was a significant relationship between each students’ personality traits and Nomophobic behaviour among the students (extraversion and Nomophobic behaviour r = 0.04, agreeableness and Nomophobic behaviour r = 0.12, conscientiousness and Nomophobic behaviour r = 0.13, neuroticism and Nomophobic behaviour r = 0.26 and openness to experience and Nomophobic behaviour r = -.01p-value&lt; 0.05). The results also showed that there was significant relationship between peer influence and Nomophobic behaviour among the students with ([r =.18, p value&lt; 0.05). The study concluded that peer influence had the strongest relationship with Nomophobic behaviour of university undergraduates in Obafemi Awolowo University, followed by personality traits, religiousity and depression respectively.

Associations of perceived neighbourhood and home environments with sedentary behaviour among adolescents in 14 countries: the IPEN adolescent cross sectional observational study

BackgroundUnderstanding environmental correlates of sedentary behaviour (SB) among young people is important as such data can identify approaches to limit sedentary time. This paper estimates associations of parent-reported neighbourhood and adolescent-reported home environments with SB among adolescents aged 11–19 years from 14 countries.MethodsIn the International Physical activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) Adolescent Study (an observational, cross-sectional multi-country study), adolescents wore a triaxial accelerometer for seven days that assessed sedentary time (ST). Adolescents completed survey measures of sedentary behaviour (SB) related to recreational screen time and sitting time in motor vehicles. Parents and adolescents completed surveys assessing neighbourhood and home environments. Accelerometer based ST was available in 3,982 adolescents while survey data were available for 6,302 dyads. We estimated the total and direct effects of each environmental attribute on ST and SB. Sex of the adolescent and city/country were examined as moderators.ResultsThe average ST in adolescents from 14 countries ranged from 7.8 to 10.5 h/day. Personal social media was the only significant correlate of total ST across both sexes. With respect to self-reported SB, adolescents accumulated an average of 3.8 h of non-school screen time per day and nearly 40 min of transport-related sitting time. Screen time was associated with all home environment variables, including social media account, as well as land use mix—diversity, traffic safety, and crime safety. Transport-related sitting time was related to land use mix—diversity, recreation facilities, walking facilities, and pedestrian infrastructure, but no home environment variables. City/country and sex were significant moderators of several associations.ConclusionsBoth home and neighbourhood environment features were related to ST and SB. Having social media accounts emerged as a major contributor towards sedentarism in adolescents.