Test-retest Reliability Correlation Research Articles

Psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the communication confidence rating scale for aphasia: a reliability and validity study of chronic phase people with aphasia

ABSTRACT Background Japan’s aging population presents challenges to speech-language pathologists and community volunteers in supporting the growing number of people with aphasia (PWA) after stroke. PWA’s self-efficacy or confidence may affect how much they engage in situations that require them to communicate. The Communication Confidence Rating Scale for Aphasia (CCRSA) is a patient-reported scale that assesses how confident a person with aphasia feels about their ability to communicate in different situations. Aim The purpose of this study was to describe the development of a Japanese version of CCRSA (J-CCRSA) and examine its psychometric properties for use in speech-language therapy (SLT) in Japan. Methods and procedures In this cross-sectional study, we examined J-CCRSA acceptability, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, structural validity, convergent validity, and known-groups validity. Participants were PWA in the chronic phase and healthy controls with no history of stroke (HC). Outcomes and results Analysis of 76 PWA and 23 HC showed that J-CCRSA has psychometric properties that can be considered favorable. Specifically, there were no missing values, no bias in the distribution of the measured data, and no ceiling or floor effects. Cronbach’s α for internal consistency reliability was α = 0.89, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability (n = 33) was intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79 (p < 0.001). In addition, two factors were extracted in the exploratory factor analysis of the structural validity study, with loadings of 0.64–0.90 for the first factor and 0.78–0.90 for the second factor. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient for the convergent validity index was rho = 0.31–0.63 (p < 0.05), and the known-groups validity, examined by comparing the PWA and HC scores, showed a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.002, r = -0.35). Conclusions Our analysis of the psychometric properties of the J-CCRSA provides evidence that J-CCRSA can be used to assess Japanese-speaking PWA, thereby expanding assessment options and providing potential new directions for SLT in Japan.

Developing and validating a cross-cultural competence scale for Japanese nurses.

In recent years, Japan has experienced a significant increase in the number of foreign students and workers entering the country. This has resulted in a vast number of international patients in medical facilities. This shift emphasizes the immediate need for Japanese nurses who are both clinically proficient and culturally attuned. In response, our research developed and validated the Cross-cultural Competence Scale for Japanese Nurses (CCCSJN) to better equip nurses for diverse patient care. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Japan's general hospitals using anonymous questionnaires with nurses and midwives. The scale, developed from data from 394 nurses, underwent both qualitative and quantitative evaluations to define its construct. We analyzed the data using exploratory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability, confirming the scale's reliability and validity. The exploratory analysis revealed five factors: "cross-cultural understanding," "cross-cultural communication ability," "motivation for cross-cultural nursing," "cooperation with multiple professions," and "respect for foreign patients." These factors explained 50.92% of the total variance. Cronbach's α for the CCCSJN was 0.94, and the test-retest reliability correlation was 0.77. The construct validity, criterion-related validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the CCCSJN were verified. The CCCSJN can be used to assess the cross-cultural competencies of Japanese nurses and identify what skills need to be mastered, leading to improved cross-cultural competence and care.

Measurement properties of the five-repetition sit-to-stand test in patients with lumbar degenerative disorders: COSMIN systematic review.

There has been no recent updated comprehensive review of measurement properties focused on the 5-repetition sit-to-stand test (5R-STS) in patients with lumbar degenerative disorders (LDD) that could aid in better understanding of its clinical and research applicability. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on measurement properties of the 5R-STS in patients with LDD according to COnsensus Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Systematic review and meta-analysis. In Step 1 and 2, 3,363 and 1,287 adult patients with suspected or diagnosed either clinically and/or radiologically LDD were included, respectively. Step 2 involved screening studies from Step 1 that passed the full text-stage and including only those that assessed at least 1 COSMIN measurement property. Functional Measures (5R-STS, Timed Up and Go Test). Self-report Measures (including Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, pain scores eg, Visual Analogue Scale) and health-care quality of life questionnaires (eg, EQ-5D-3L)). In December 2022 Embase, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for studies of 5R-STS of patients with LDD (PROSPERO: CRD42022383095). Quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE and COSMIN Checklist. Results for measurement error were pooled using the weighted mean method. Random effect meta-analysis was performed for studies on reliability and criterion validity. Thirty-eight full-text articles were included in Step 1 and 19 in Step 2. The overall intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of the 5R-STS was 0.93 (95% CI 0.37-1.00) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.83-1.00), respectively. The weighted standard error of measurement (SEM) mean value was 2.8s. Estimated r of 5R-STS and ODI, reflecting insufficient criterion validity (since r <0.70), was 0.53 (95% CI 0.17-0.88). Hypothesis testing for construct validity was confirmed for 40% of predefined hypothesis (graded as insufficient since overall, not >70% hypothesis confirmed). Accounting for limited evidence, responsiveness of the test was adequate. This COSMIN systematic review summarizes 5R-STS measurement properties in patients with LDD, including pooled estimates of ICC for reliability, SEM, and correlation between 5R-STS and ODI. The 5R-STS is a reliable and responsive instrument reflecting a new dimension of functional impairment in patients with LDD.

Adaptation of the Self-Control Strategies Scale to Turkish and Evaluation of Psychometric Properties

Self-control was initially defined as behavioral inhibition. However, researchers have since recognized that strategies beyond behavioral inhibition are also required. This study aims to adapt the Self-Control Strategies Scale, developed to measure the broader theoretical structure of self-control beyond behavioral inhibition, into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties. The study was conducted with 477 university students aged between 18 and 31. The confirmatory factor analysis indicates that the 33-item version of the scale shows good fit. Convergent validity analysis involved using the Multidimensional Self-Control Scale and the General Procrastination Scale. It was found that behavioral inhibition remains the strongest predictor of self-control, followed by Pre-Commitment, Reward, and Cognitive Change. General Procrastination is only predicted by Behavioral Inhibition and Pre-Commitment. Reliability analyses of the scale were conducted using McDonald’s Omega, test-retest reliability, and item-total correlations. All subscales, except for the Pre-Commitment subscale, have a reliability level above .70. In conclusion, the scale is valid and reliable for use in research conducted in Türkiye. However, the reliability level of the Pre-Commitment subscale should be considered when interpreting the results. This study also provides insights into the skills that should be acquired in self-control enhancement interventions.

Cultural adaptation and validation of “aging voice index” in Bengali

Changes in voice due to aging impact the ability to use one’s voice to communicate in all situations and can decrease their quality of life. The primary objective of this study was to transadapt the aging voice index (AVI) in Bengali (AVI-B) for the Bengali population to help in better comprehension by the patient rating the AVI scale. Ten older adults with voice disorder were asked to fill the AVI-E and AVI-B simultaneously to check the homogeneity of AVI-B. Establishment of kappa co-efficient between AVI-E and AVI-B was done. Wilcoxon test was done to evaluate the differences between pre and post therapeutic results. Kappa correlation for content validity was 0.81. The parameters of doctor speech, grade of grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain, and instability (GRABASI) scale and voice handicap index (VHI)-10 scale were mild to moderately correlated to the AVI-B (p&gt;0.05). Inter class correlation for test-retest reliability was 0.933. Pre to post AVI-B scores were reduced when the participants were given a period of straw phonation therapy treatment. The AVI-B is a valid and reliable quality of life assessment for older adults with voice disorder and with native language as Bengali.

Establishing an Advocacy Activities Scale for Parents of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Advocacy has long been heralded as a way to create change for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and their families. However, without an established measure, it is difficult to accurately characterize advocacy activities. Drawing from extant research, the Advocacy Activities Scale was developed to assess three domains of parent advocacy: advocacy for one's own children, advocacy for other families, and advocacy for systemic change. Factor analyses were conducted using data from two projects reflecting 382 parents of individuals with IDD from seven states and the District of Columbia. The scale confirmed the three moderately correlated domains of parent advocacy and demonstrated that the scale has high: reliability, validity, test-retest reliability, and moderate correlations with related measures.

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Aging Voice Index

Purpose The Ageing Voice Index is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the impact of changes in the voice of older adults. Our aim is to adapt the Aging Voice Index with Turkish older adults and test its reliability and validity to create the Turkish Aging Voice Index. Method A total of 206 participants were included in the study. Construct validity, criterion validity, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis were investigated. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of the Turkish Aging Voice Index were calculated using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Result The Turkish Aging Voice Index has excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.971). A high intraclass correlation for test-retest reliability was found (ICC = 0.953, p < 0.001). Construct validity of the Turkish Aging Voice Index was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001) by comparing the mean Turkish Aging Voice Index scores between the study and control groups. For criterion validity, a statistically positive high correlation was found between the mean scores of the Turkish Aging Voice Index and the Turkish version of the Voice Handicap Index-10 (r = 0.854, p < 0.001). The cut-off value of the Turkish Aging Voice Index was 15.50 with a sensitivity of 85.01% and a specificity of 84.8%. Conclusion The Turkish Aging Voice Index is a valid and reliable tool for elderly patients with voice disorders. A score >15.50 is an indicator of voice problems in the older population.

Psychometric Validation of the CLN2 Quality of Life Questionnaire in Participants with CLN2 Disease Treated with Cerliponase Alfa.

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 Quality of Life (CLN2 QoL) questionnaire. Data from children with CLN2 disease aged 3-16 years receiving cerliponase alfa in the BMN 190-201 and BMN 190-202 clinical studies, collected via purposive sampling, were used to assess convergent and divergent validity, internal consistency and reliability. The clinically important difference (CID) was estimated with distribution- and anchor-based methods. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS. CLN2 QoL data of 22 participants were analysed. Ceiling effects were observed in 22 items (35% threshold); no floor effects were observed. Internal consistency analysis showed good reliability (Cronbach's alpha and Omega reliability >0.7) for four domains at study completion; only one domain had good reliability at baseline. All domains had good test-retest reliability (correlation >0.5) except Feeding With G-Tube and Seizures. Convergent and divergent correlation analysis showed moderate-strong correlations (>0.4) between PedsQL and CLN2 QoL total scores, between the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) total score and most CLN2 QoL domains at baseline, and between CLN2 QoL total score and most PedsQL domains at week 97. Known groups validity showed a significant difference in means for the Behaviour domain (p = 0.05) for reasons that could not be clarified. CID was 6.79-12.94 for domains; total score CID was 6.91 using distribution-based and 6.13-13.05 using anchor-based methods. This study is the first to validate the CLN2 QoL and to estimate the CID of this instrument in CLN2 patients. Our results show good validity and reliability of this tool.

Turkish adaptation of the antenatal risk questionnaire-revised: study of validity and reliability

ObjectiveThis study sought to translate the Antenatal Risk Questionnaire-Revised (ANRQ-R) into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties for assessing psychosocial vulnerabilities among Turkish-speaking pregnant women.MethodsThe ANRQ-R was translated into Turkish following standard linguistic adaptation procedures. Psychometric properties were then examined using a cross-sectional study design, involving 156 pregnant women recruited from antenatal clinics in Turkey. Participants completed the Turkish ANRQ-R and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Statistical analyses, including intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for test-retest reliability, Pearson correlation analysis for item-total test correlations, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis for diagnostic accuracy, were conducted.ResultsThe ANRQ-R Turkish version showed high test-retest reliability with an ICC of 0.888 for the total score. Moderate to good ICCs were obtained for individual Likert-type items (0.572–0.849). Criterion-related validity was established via moderate correlations with the EPDS and its anxiety subscale EPDS-3 A (r = 0.537 and r = 0.431, respectively). ROC analysis demonstrated good discriminatory power (Area Under the Curve = 0.75) with an optimal cut-off score of 17, yielding 78% sensitivity and 65% specificity for identifying potential depression cases.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence of the overall reliability of the Turkish version of the ANRQ-R as a measure of psychosocial risk among Turkish-speaking women during pregnancy. Despite some limitations in item-level internal consistency indicators, integration of the ANRQ-R into routine antenatal care could enhance early identification and intervention strategies, potentially improving maternal health outcomes. Future research should aim to further validate the scale across diverse populations and settings, using a diagnostic tool as the reference standard.

Family Functioning and Cohesion Scale: Validation of a Short Instrument for the Assessment of Intrafamily Relations.

Most available scales for assessing family relationships are lengthy. Our aim was to develop and validate the Family Functioning and Cohesion Scale (FFCS), a self-reported, short instrument consisting of 14 items. The FFCS was validated through its administration to 481 subjects via an online platform. Cronbach's alpha was 0.85 (ranging from 0.83 to 0.86 if any one item was deleted), signifying high internal consistency. The scale can be considered as a sole factor based on its high consistency, while factor analysis produced three factors corresponding to "communication", "anger/resentment/aggression", and "values and beliefs". The test-retest reliability correlation coefficient was found to be 0.88 at a 2-week interval. Regarding external validity, the correlation coefficient of the FFCS with the general functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) was 0.83. The high measures of consistency, reliability, and validity of the FFCS, combined with its short length, make it a most valuable tool for use by researchers as well as by professionals dealing with families in psychiatry, psychology, social work, or other related fields.

The validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the EQ-5D in atrial fibrillation patients in a conflict country: a study from Syria

BackgroundThe EQ-5D is one of the most commonly used tools to establish health-related quality of life (QoL). EQ-5D data in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in the Middle East are lacking.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the EQ-5D in AF inpatients in Syria.MethodsThe study involved patients admitted to the emergency department of Tishreen’s University Hospital in Latakia with AF as the primary diagnosis between the 1st of June 2021 and the 1st of June 2023. Arabic versions of the EQ-5D, EQ-VAS and SF36 questionnaires were administered to patients. Validation was done using convergent, discriminant, and known-groups validity, while reliability was conducted using EQ-5D retesting within 2–4 weeks.Results432 participants were included in the study with a mean ± standard deviation of 63 ± 15. Males represented 242 (56%) of the participants. All hypotheses relating EQ-5D responses to external variables were satisfied. All three validation hypotheses demonstrated that the EQ-5D had the convergent, discriminant and known group validity to assess QoL in this cohort. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability ranged between 0.74 and 0.88, while Cohen’s κ ranged between 0.72 and 0.86. Cronbach’s α value for internal consistency was 0.73.ConclusionThe Arabic version of EQ-5D was valid and reliable in measuring QoL in AF inpatients in Syria. This validation opens the door for more widespread use of the EQ-5D in Arabic-speaking regions, facilitating better-informed healthcare decisions and improving patient care strategies in Syria and other Middle Eastern countries.

Validation of the Cholinergic Urticaria Activity Score (CholUAS)

BackgroundIn cholinergic urticaria (CholU), itchy wheal and flare-type skin reactions are triggered by sweat-inducing activities. The CholU activity score, CholUAS, is used to assess disease activity, but has not yet been validated.The aim of the study was to validate the CholUAS, develop an English version, and provide instructions for scoring. MethodsCognitive debriefing of CholUAS was performed. CholU patients (n =75) used the CholUAS on 7 consecutive days, underwent provocation testing, and completed additional anchor instrument questionnaires including global evaluation tools and established quality of life instruments. A scoring protocol for the calculation of the weekly CholUAS, the CholUAS7, was developed. The CholUAS7 was tested for validity, reliability, and influencing factors. An English version of the CholUAS was developed. ResultsThe final CholUAS contains 3 questions that are used for scoring as well as one global question. The weekly CholUAS, CholUAS7, showed excellent test-retest reliability and good correlations with anchor instruments. Statistical analysis showed no significant influence of age or duration of disease on CholUAS7 results. ConclusionThe validated CholUAS is ready for use in clinical trials and routine clinical practice.

Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Digital Vaccine Literacy Scale

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Digital Vaccine Literacy (DVL) scale. Methods: This methodological study was conducted with 236 staff working at a foundation university hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form and DVL scale. The linguistic validity, content validity, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis of the scale were conducted. Reliability was evaluated through item-total correlations, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and test-retest reliability. Data were analyzed in SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 22.0 package programs. Results: The study revealed 3 dimensions comprising 7 items, with factor loadings ranging from 0.612 to 0.851, explaining 78.63% of the total variance. The fit measures were acceptable (χ2/df = 3.271; RMSEA = 0.072; CFI = 0.912; NFI = 0.875; GFI = 0.874; TLI = 0.889; IFI = 0.876; p &lt; 0.001) in confirmatory factor analysis. The overall Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was 0.730, while the sub-dimensions were 0.791, 0.891 and 0.781, respectively. The test-retest reliability correlation was positive, very strong and statistically significant (r=0.962, p

Measuring Public Attitudes Toward Stuttering: Test-retest Reliability Revisited

Purpose: Previous studies of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S), using test and retest designs in modest-sized samples, have reported satisfactory test-retest reliability, i.e., correlations of about 0.80. Simultaneously, lower but moderate correlations between different first and second test respondents were observed and hypothesized to represent unspecified “societal” influences on stuttering attitudes. This study sought to clarify this and other potential relationships between first and second tests with the POSHA-S in a large, geographically and linguistically diverse sample.Methods: POSHA-S Overall Stuttering Scores (OSSs) of 345 respondents from 12 test-retest samples from four countries and languages, with no intervening interventions, were analyzed with correlations and by grouping respondents according to whose stuttering attitudes improved, remained the same, or worsened from test to retest.Results: Test and retest OSSs generally conformed to normal distributions and were not significantly different. Correlations between first versus second tests replicated earlier research. However, when the degree and direction of change from test to retest was considered, both in other correlations and in sorts of respondents, unexpected results emerged. Respondents with intermediate attitudes changed minimally, while those with most and least positive attitudes at the first test changed in opposite directions past the overall mean at second test.Conclusions: While demonstrating adequate test-retest reliability correlations on the POSHA-S, public attitudes were found to be less stable than previously assumed.

Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment questionnaire specifically tailored for greater trochanteric pain syndrome for the Dutch population

Abstract Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a highly prevalent condition characterized by lateral hip and thigh pain. The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment (VISA) questionnaire specifically tailored for GTPS (VISA-G) questionnaire was developed for the purpose of assessing and quantifying the severity of symptoms related to gluteal tendinopathy or GTPS. It is commonly used in research and clinical settings to evaluate the impact of GTPS on patient function and quality of life. The VISA-G questionnaire was developed for English-speaking populations. Before this questionnaire can be used in non-English-speaking populations, it has to be translated and validated for a particular population. The current study aimed to translate and validate the VISA-G questionnaire for a Dutch-speaking context (VISA-G-Dutch). In this study, we conducted a comprehensive process involving forward and back translation, along with a thorough comparison with other established hip-related questionnaires. The COSMIN checklist was used to ensure uniformity in the validation study. A sample of 100 participants, 50 symptomatic and 50 asymptomatic, completed the VISA-G-Dutch, Harris Hip Score, Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Oxford Hip Score, and Nonarthritic Hip Score questionnaires. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were measured. Construct validity was assessed through positive correlations between the VISA-G-Dutch and gold standard questionnaires. Strong internal consistency and test–retest reliability correlations were found in both the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups. The test–retest reliability also demonstrated strong positive correlations for the symptomatic group. The standard error of measurement was ∼2.3 for the symptomatic group. These results prove that the VISA-G-Dutch is a reliable and valid tool for assessing GTPS and gluteal tendinopathy in Dutch-speaking individuals, providing clinicians with a valuable assessment tool.

Muscle reoxygenation is slower after higher cycling intensity, and is faster and more reliable in locomotor than in accessory muscle sites.

Wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used during dynamic exercise to reflect the balance of muscle oxygen delivery and uptake. This study describes the behaviour and reliability of postexercise reoxygenation with NIRS as a function of exercise intensity at four muscle sites during an incremental cycling test. We discuss physiological components of faster and slower reoxygenation kinetics in the context of sport science and clinical applications. We hypothesised that reoxygenation would be slower at higher intensity, and that locomotor muscles would be faster than accessory muscles. We quantified test-retest reliability and agreement for each site. Twenty-one trained cyclists performed two trials of an incremental cycling protocol with 5-min work stages and 1-min rest between stages. NIRS was recorded from the locomotor vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles, and accessory lumbar paraspinal and lateral deltoid muscles. Reoxygenation time course was analysed as the half-recovery time (HRT) from the end of work to half of the peak reoxygenation amplitude during rest. Coefficient of variability (CV) between participants, standard error of the measurement (SEM) within participants, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability were evaluated at 50%, 75%, and 100% peak workloads. A linear mixed-effects model was used to compare differences between workloads and muscle sites. HRT was slower with increasing workload in the VL, RF, and PS, but not DL. VL had the fastest reoxygenation (lowest HRT) across muscle sites at all workloads (HRT = 8, 12, 17s at 50%, 75%, 100% workload, respectively). VL also had the greatest reliability and agreement. HRT was sequentially slower between muscle sites in the order of VL < RF < PS < DL, and reliability was lower than for the VL. This study highlights the potential for using wearable NIRS on multiple muscle sites during exercise. Reoxygenation kinetics differ between local muscle sites with increasing intensity. Moderate-to-good reliability in the VL support its increasing use in sport science and clinical applications. Lower reliability in other muscle sites suggest they are not appropriate to be used alone, but may add information when combined to better reflect systemic intensity and fatigue during exercise at different intensities.

Translation and Reliability of the Facial Disability Index (FDI) in Bell’s Palsy

Background: Bell's palsy, a sudden-onset facial paralysis linked to the facial nerve, is often poorly assessed in non-English-speaking populations due to culturally insensitive tools. The Facial Disability Index (FDI) is traditionally used but lacks adaptations for Urdu-speaking patients, leading to potential disparities in care. Objective: This study aimed to translate and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Urdu Facial Disability Index (UFDI) for assessing facial impairment in Bell's palsy patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed over four months, recruiting 203 Urdu-speaking patients with Bell's palsy from rehabilitation clinics. The UFDI underwent rigorous translation and cultural adaptation processes, including forward and backward translation and expert committee reviews. Participants completed the UFDI and the House-Brackmann Facial Grading Scale (HBFGS) for validity assessment. Descriptive statistics and reliability analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25, with Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability. Results: The UFDI showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.77 and an ICC of 0.99, indicating good internal consistency and excellent test-retest reliability. Spearman’s rho showed significant correlation with HBFGS (r = 0.508, p &lt; 0.05), confirming convergent validity. Conclusion: The UFDI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing facial disability in Urdu-speaking patients with Bell’s palsy, enhancing culturally sensitive clinical care.

Malay Translation and Validation of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems.

The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H) is a proven surveillance method to register acute injury, overuse injury, or illness in athletes. However, it has not yet been translated into Malay. To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the OSTRC-H into Malay using internationally established guidelines. Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. The Malay translation of the OSTRC-H (OSTRC-H.M) was distributed to 54 elite (ie, professional) and recreational athletes. Face validity, content validity, and construct validity were assessed for the validity measurement properties, while test-retest and internal consistency were used for reliability measurement properties. The content validity index was satisfactory at 0.93. The OSTRC-H.M showed good internal consistency, with a Cronbach α value of .84. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model for construct validity, with values of 0.99 and 0.04 for comparative fit index and root mean square error of approximation, respectively. Per-item intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.55 to 0.80. The overall test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was good (ICC, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.63-0.88; P < .001). The OSTRC-H.M was found to be valid and reliable and therefore acceptable for application among Malay-speaking athletes.

Development and validation of gestational diabetes mellitus health literacy scale

ObjectiveWhile there are various health literacy scales that exist, none of health literacy scale suitable for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). To address this gap, this study aimed to develop GDM health literacy scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. MethodsBased on the Delphi expert consultation, we developed the initial GDM health literacy scale. Item analysis was taken using a sample (n = 299) recruited in China to form formal scale. Additional participants (n = 395) completed survey to assess the internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity and criterion correlation validity of scale. ResultsThe scale performed well in terms of internal consistency reliability, content validity, construct validity and criterion correlation validity. Test-retest reliability indicated that the instrument was effective at measuring health literacy of GDM over time. ConclusionThe scale is a reliable and valid measure of six domains of health literacy for GDM. Practice implicationsThe scale can be used to effectively evaluate the level of health literacy of pregnant women with GDM. The information can provide targeted health support for pregnant women with GDM to improve their health literacy and self-management ability.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of the Oral Behaviors Checklist.

The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC-TR). The study included 223 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and 94 individuals without TMD. Face and content validity were analyzed. Structural (with confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]), convergent (with pain intensity, Fonseca Anamnestic Index [FAI], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], and Oral Health Impact Profile [OHIP-14]), divergent (with active pain-free maximum mouth opening [MMO]), and discriminant validity were investigated to evaluate the construct validity. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability were computed. Face and content validity were satisfactory. The CFA has verified the structural validity of the OBC-TR. Strong associations between the OBC-TR score and pain intensity (r = 0.88), FAI (r = 0.90), HADS (r = 0.82-0.86), and OHIP-14 (r = 0.83) scores, and MMO (r = -0.85) verified the convergent and divergent validity of the OBC-TR. Concerning discriminant validity, the OBC-TR discriminated between patients with TMD and individuals without TMD (p < 0.05). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.91) were satisfactory. The OBC-TR is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the frequency of oral parafunctional behaviors in Turkish-speaking patients with TMD.