Test-retest Reliability Correlation Research Articles

Adaptation of COVID-19 risk perception and COVID-19 prevention guidelines compliance scales to Turkish: a validity and reliability study

Aim: The aim of this study is to make Turkish adaptation and psychometric analysis of the Covid-19 Risk Perception and Covid-19 Prevention Guideline Compliance scales.
 Material and Method: The Covid-19 Risk Perception and Covid-19 Prevention Guideline Compliance scales administered to a total of 385 healthcare workers (Emergency medical technician, paramedic, ambulance driver etc.) and 50 healthcare workers were retested two weeks later. The opinions of 10 experts were taken for the content validity of the scale, the confirmatory factor analysis was performed for the construct validity, the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was calculated to determine the internal consistency, and the test-retest reliability was performed and the results were evaluated with Pearson correlation analysis.
 Results: It can be concluded that an agreement among experts according to the results of the content validity index of the Turkish version of Covid-19 Risk Perception scale was found to be 0.91, the Covid-19 prevention guideline compliance scale was found to be 1. The test-retest reliability correlation of the scales was 0.85.
 Conclusion: Covid-19 Risk Perception and the Covid-19 prevention guideline compliance scales were suitable for Turkish culture, and they are valid and reliable.

Development and Validation of the Military Eating Behavior Survey

ObjectiveTo describe the Military Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS), developed, and validated for use in military populations. DesignQuestionnaire development using a 6-phase approach that included item generation, subject matter expert review, cognitive interviewing, factor analysis, test-retest reliability testing, and parallel forms testing. SettingUS Army soldiers were surveyed at 8 military bases from 2016 to 2019 (n = 1,561). Main Outcome MeasureContent, face, and construct validity and reliability of the MEBS. AnalysisItem variability, internal consistency, and exploratory factor analysis using principal coordinates analysis, orthogonal varimax rotation, and scree test (correlation coefficient and Cronbach alpha), as well as consistency and agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient) of test-retest reliability and parallel forms reliability. ResultsOver 6 phases of testing, a comprehensive tool to examine military eating habits and mediators of eating behavior was developed. Questionnaire length was reduced from 277 items to 133 items (43 eating habits; 90 mediating behaviors). Factor analysis identified 14 eating habit scales (hunger, satiety, food craving, meal pattern, restraint, diet rigidity, emotional eating, fast/slow eating rate, environmental triggers, situational eating, supplement use, and food choice) and 8 mediating factor scales (body composition strategy, perceived stress, food access, sleep habits, military fitness, physical activity, military body image, and nutrition knowledge). Conclusions and ImplicationsThe MEBS provides a new approach for assessing eating behavior in military personnel and may be used to inform and evaluate health promotion interventions related to weight management, performance optimization, and military readiness and resiliency.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Patient Dignity Inventory.

The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) in the Turkish society, which was developed to evaluate dignity-related distress in palliative care patients. One hundred and twenty-seven adults with advanced cancer hospitalized in several clinics of two university hospitals were included in the study. The patients whose Palliative Performance Scale score was at least 40% were recruited to study. The data were collected with a patient demographic form, the Turkish version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-TR), and the Turkish version of the PDI (PDI-TR). The PDI-TR was finalized and back-translated after translating into Turkish and obtaining 10 expert opinions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and test-retest reliability analysis were performed. The Cronbach's α coefficient of PDI-TR was 0.94. Factor analysis resulted in a five-factor solution, and all items were loaded on factors. Factors were labeled as symptom distress, existential distress, self-confidence, dependency, and supportive care needs and accounted for 68.70% of the overall variance. The model's normed fit index, comparative fit index, and X2/SD were found between acceptable range (0.90, 0.93, and 2.64, respectively). A positive and strong correlation was found between subdimension scores of HADS-TR and the total score of PDI-TR (r = 0.70 for anxiety subdimension; r = 0.73 for depression subdimension). The test-retest reliability was conducted with 32 patients within the sample two weeks after the first application, and no significant difference was found between the two application scores as the result of paired-sample t-test (p > 0.05). An intraclass correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was r = 0.855. PDI-TR was found to be a valid and reliable tool in palliative care patients in Turkish society.

Validity and Reliability of the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale in Turkey.

AIMThis study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale in Turkey.METHODThis methodological study was conducted between December, 2014, and July, 2017, in the neonatal intensive care unit of 4 hospitals (2 public, 1 university, and 1 private hospital) in the center of a city in eastern Turkey. The study population consisted of all the nurses of the hospitals. No sampling was performed, and the sample consisted of 145 nurses who agreed to participate in the study. The 26-item Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale developed by Kain et al. (2009) was translated into Turkish and then back-translated into English for to determine the validity for Turkey. Experts were consulted to determine the validity of the content. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, test-retest reliability, and item-total correlation were used for reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used for validity.RESULTSContent validity index ranged from .8 to 1.0. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was .934, for which the Bartlett’s test of sphericity was χ2 = 415.127, p = .000. According to the principal component analysis, the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale in Turkey. had 3 subscales as did the original Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale. The items had factor loadings greater than .40, and the factors accounted for 55.51% of the total variance. The subscales “organization,” “resources,” and “clinician” had a Cronbach’s alpha of .692, .710, and .680, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale in Turkey. has a structure similar to that of the original Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale and has high validity and reliability. It is, therefore, a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to identify nurses’ attitudes toward neonatal palliative care.

Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation for the assessment of wrist spasticity: reliability, validation and correlation with clinical measures

Purpose To determine feasibility and reliability of using repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) to induce wrist extension movement for the assessment of spasticity in wrist flexors, instead of the passive stretch used in the modified Tardieu scale. Methods Spasticity was assessed with the index of movement restriction (iMR), calculated as the difference between the range of maximum wrist passive movement and the rPMS-induced movement, in 12 healthy subjects (HS), 12 acute stroke patients without spasticity (AS) and 12 chronic stroke patients with spasticity (CS). Test-retest reliability and clinical correlation were assessed in CS patients before Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment. Results In comparison to HS and AS patients, CS patients showed statistically significant reduction of rPMS-induced movement amplitude, velocity, and acceleration. The mean iMR was 2.8 (SD = 2.6) in HS, 13.0 (SD = 11.2) in AS and 59.2 (SD = 23.4) in CS. This score significantly reduced to 41.1 (SD = 19.7) in CS after BoNT-A (p < 0.01). Test-retest reliability was very good, with an intraclass correlation coefficient ranging between 0.85 and 0.99 for the variables analysed. Conclusions We have shown good reliability and feasibility of a new method providing quantifiable data for the assessment of spasticity and its response to BoNT-A treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION The muscle contraction induced by repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) in paretic muscles of post-stroke patients was used to assess spasticity. The index of movement restriction (iMR), calculated as the difference between the maximum passive range of movement and the rPMS induced movement, improved after botulinum toxin treatment. Measuring spastic reactions to rPMS provides quantifiable and reliable data for follow-up and assessment of therapeutic benefits.

Distance-limited walk tests post-stroke: A systematic review of measurement properties.

BACKGROUND:Improving walking capacity is a key objective of post-stroke rehabilitation. Evidence describing the quality and protocols of standardized tools for assessing walking capacity can facilitate their implementation.OBJECTIVE:To synthesize existing literature describing test protocols and measurement properties of distance-limited walk tests in people post-stroke.METHODS:Electronic database searches were completed in 2017. Records were screened and appraised for quality.RESULTS:Data were extracted from 43 eligible articles. Among the 12 walk tests identified, the 10-metre walk test (10mWT) at a comfortable pace was most commonly evaluated. Sixty-three unique protocols at comfortable and fast paces were identified. Walking pace and walkway surface, but not walkway length, influenced walking speed. Intraclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.80–0.99 across walk tests. Measurement error values ranged from 0.04–0.40 and 0.06 to 0.20 for the 10mWT at comfortable and fast and paces, respectively. Across walk tests, performance was most frequently correlated with measures of strength, balance, and physical activity (r = 0.26-0.8, p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The 10mWT has the most evidence of reliability and validity. Findings indicate that studies that include people with severe walking deficits, in acute and subacute phases of recovery, with improved quality of reporting, are needed.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of the Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA)

BackgroundTo perform reliability and validity study of the Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA) in the Turkish language. MethodsFIHOA was translated into Turkish following the principles of cross-cultural adaptation. Our translation was firstly tested in 40 patients with hand osteoarthritis. Adapted FIHOA questionnaire was then administrated to 100 hand OA patients successively with Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and Short Form-36 (SF-36). Patients filled out the FIHOA questionnaire one more time after five days for test-retest assessment. Patients were divided into two groups as symptomatic or asymptomatic, with a NRS score of 5 or above defining symptomatic OA. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of test-retest reliability. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation and validity between data. External construct validity was assessed using the correlation between FIHOA, mHAQ, hand pain NRS, and negative correlation with SF-36 subgroups. ResultsAccording to the total score, Cronbach-alpha was found as 0.90, while ICC was determined as 0.98 for test-retest reliability. When the correlations between the FIHOA questionnaire, mHAQ, and NRS questionnaires were examined, significant correlations were determined, and negative correlations between FIHOA and SF-36 subgroups were observed. ConclusionTurkish FIHOA is a reliable and valid method for assessing functionality in Turkish patients with hand osteoarthritis.

The family nutrition and physical activity (FNPA) screening tool: psychometric characteristics, reliability, and validity in the Turkish population

The objective of this study was to test whether the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA) Screening Tool, which evaluates environmental risk factors affecting the occurrence of obesity in children, is valid and reliable in the Turkish population. We included 638 parents with children between the ages of 6 and 18 in 12 schools randomly determined in our city. A data form containing sociodemographic characteristics (14 questions) and the FNPA scale (20 questions) adapted to Turkish were applied to the parents. The validity of the scale was analyzed in terms of construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability analysis was carried out by calculations using the internal consistency coefficient, the intraclass correlation coefficient, and corrected item total correlations. The intraclass correlation coefficient determined test–retest reliability. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) coefficient of the scale was 0.76 and the test–retest reliability correlation coefficient was 0.92 (p < 0.001). The 20-item FNPA scale displayed a five-factor construct and the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a five-factor construct. It was determined that all factors explained 51% of the total variance of the scale and factor loadings varied between 0.32 and 0.82. Psychometric analysis results demonstrated that the Turkish version of the FNPA scale is a reliable and valid evaluation tool. The scale can be used for children aged between 6 and 18 years to evaluate family environments and combine information from various behaviors associated with childhood obesity.

Development and validation of three-dimensional body image stimuli for Chinese middle-aged adults

Objective: To develop a three-dimensional body image stimuli suitable for middle-aged people in China, and verify the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli. Method: According to China and World Health Organization body mass index classification standards of adults, a set of three-dimensional body image stimuli of Chinese middle-aged males and females with different body size was developed by using 3D Studio Max and Adobe Photoshop CC based on the literature and expert consultation method. Forty-two 45- and 59-year-old middle-aged people in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province were recruited to verify the three-dimensional body image stimuli. Through questionnaire survey and physical examination, the coincidence between the selected body type and the actual body type was tested; the body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA), and the structure validity of the image was tested; the body size satisfaction was investigated by the body image stimuli and the standard questionnaire, and the empirical validity of the image was tested. The repeated survey was conducted 14 days after the initial survey, and three experts were invited to score the current somatotype of the subjects to test the test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of the body image stimuli. Pearson, Spearman, Kendall correlation and Kappa consistency analysis were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli. Results: The average age of 42 subjects was 52.7 years old, including 13 males and 29 females. A group of three-dimensional body image stimuli of middle-aged men and women were developed, and each group included 8 images. 73.8% of the subjects chose the body size consistent with the actual body type, and the weighted Kappa coefficient was 0.755 (P<0.01). The selected somatotype was positively correlated with body weight and body composition indexes such as fat content, and the Pearson correlation coefficient of construct validity was 0.623-0.717 (P<0.05). The results of the two surveys were positively correlated, and the Spearman correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.784-0.821 (P<0.05). The scores of the three experts on the current somatotype of the subjects were positively correlated, and the Kendall correlation coefficient of inter-rater reliability was 0.818-0.878 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The development of principle and reference basis of three-dimensional body image stimuli of middle-aged people is reliable, and the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli are good.

CİNSELLİKTEN KAÇINMA KARAR DENGESİ VE ÖZ YETERLİLİK ÖLÇEKLERİNİN TÜRKÇE UYARLAMASI: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

The aim of this study is to make Turkish adaptation and psychometric analysis of the Decisional Balance Scale for Sexual Abstinence (DBSSA) and Self-Efficacy Scale for Sexual Abstinence (SESSA) developed in line with the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). DBSSA and SESSA were administered to total of 482 students, and 50 students were retested two weeks later. The validity of the scale was evaluated by; factor analysis, content and construct validity analysis while reliability was evaluated by internal consistency and test-retest. While content validity of scale was evaluated by receiving opinions from 12 experts, internal consistency, item analysis and test-retest results were evaluated via Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient and Pearson correlation analysis, respectively. The DBSSA content validity index was found as 0.97 and the SESSA content validity index was found as 1, and it was determined that there was a consensus among experts. Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was found to be; 0,61 for pros/internal, 0.77 for pros/external, and 0.76 for cons among DBSSA subscales, while 0.88 for the SESSA. The test-retest reliability correlation was 0.70 for pros/internal, 0.70 for pros/external, and 0.80 for cons while 0.85 for SESSA. DBSSA and SESSA were found to be suitable, valid and reliable for Turkish culture.

Translation and validation of the Japanese Version of the Quality of Recovery-15 Questionnaire.

Patient-reported outcomes after surgery and anaesthesia have recently attracted attention. A recent systematic review and a consensus guideline recommend that patients' recovery can be adequately measured using the quality of recovery-15 (QoR-15) during the perioperative period; however, the Japanese version of the QoR-15 (QoR-15J) is not available. We aimed to translate the QoR-15 into Japanese and assess its validity. After translating into Japanese, 205 patients who underwent various types of surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled in the study. QoR-15J was evaluated before surgery and 24h and 48h after surgery. Additionally, 30 patients answered the QoR-15J at 25h after surgery. We assessed the feasibility, reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the QoR-15J. One patient who did not undergo surgery and two patients who were discharged within 24h were excluded. One hundred and eighty-seven patients answered the QoR-15J at 24h after surgery (completion rate, 92.6%) and 183 patients with complete data were included in the final analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal reliability and Spearman rank correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability were 0.84 and 0.91, respectively. The Cohen effect size for all items was 1.42. QoR-15 was translated into Japanese and the Japanese version's validity was assessed in patients undergoing various types of surgery under general anaesthesia. Our results suggest that QoR-15J is feasible, reliable, valid, and responsive.

Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the Patient Knowledge Questionnaire-Osteoarthritis.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Patient Knowledge Questionnaire-Osteoarthritis (PKQ-OA-K). A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 157 adults with osteoarthritis from the outpatient clinic at a university hospital in Korea. The overall correct answer rate for the PKQ-OA-K was 60.4%; notably, the drug therapy subscale had the lowest median score percentage (42.9%). For structural validity, exploratory factor analysis identified the PKQ-OA-K as two-dimensional, explaining 52.4% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the two-factor model adequately fit the data. The PKQ-OA-K was positively correlated with education level (r = 0.24) and osteoarthritis outcomes (r = 0.17), thus verifying the hypotheses of construct validity. The intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.52; alpha was 0.44. The PKQ-OA-K has excellent validity but imperfect reliability for adults with osteoarthritis. This study recommends cautious use of the PKQ-OA-K to assess Korean patients' knowledge of osteoarthritis.

Reliability and validation of the Positive Aspects of Caregiving scale among Japanese caregivers of people with dementia

ObjectivesThis study aimed to validate the Positive Aspects of Caregiving(PAC) scale’s psychometric properties among Japanese informal caregivers of people with dementia. MethodsA cross-sectional research design was used. Data were collected from the Kinki region of Japan during January 2019 and July 2019. Translation and back-translation were performed to acquire the optimal translation of the PAC scale. In total, 194 participants responded to questionnaires that included the Japanese version of the PAC scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Reliability was evaluated by examining the internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Exploratory factor analysis with maximum likelihood estimation and oblique rotation was performed to assess the PAC scale structure. Concurrent validity was determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. ResultsThe final version of the Japanese version of the PAC scale contained nine items. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors (Living an enriched life and Self-usefulness). The Cronbach’s ⍺ coefficient of the total scale was 0.895, the subscales Cronbach’s ⍺ coefficient were 0.896 and 0 .823. The intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.721, indicating acceptable reliability. PAC was significantly correlated to GDS (r = −0.548, P < 0.01). ConclusionsThis study found that the Japanese version of the PAC scale was a suitable scale to measure PAC among Japanese caregivers of people with dementia. However, the construct differed from the original model. This scale could help health-care professionals understand the degree of caregivers’ recognition about dementia care and support those with a low degree of positive aspects of caregiving.

Validation of the Chinese version of Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III for detecting mild cognitive impairment

Objectives To evaluate the reliability and validity of Chinese version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III-CV) in the identification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and further investigate the optimal cutoff scores according to different age and education level. Method A total of 716 individuals aged from 50 to 90 years old were recruited through internet-based and print advertisements, including 431 cognitively normal controls (NC) and 285 individuals with MCI according to an actuarial neuropsychological method put forward by Jak and Bondi. Besides the cognitive screening tests of ACE-III-CV, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-BC), all the participants underwent a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests. Validations of the ACE-III-CV, MMSE, and MoCA-BC for detecting MCI from NC were determined by Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results ACE-III-CV had a good reliability (Cronbach’s coefficient α = 0.807, intraclass correlation coefficients for interrater and test-retest reliability were 0.95 and 0.93). According to the area under ROC curve (AUC), ACE-III-CV and MoCA-BC showed better ability than MMSE in detecting MCI. No significant difference was found between ACE-III-CV and MoCA-BC. The optimal cutoff scores of ACE-III-CV for screening MCI were 72 for individuals with 1-9 years of education, 78 for individuals with 10-15 years of education, and 80 for individuals with more than 16 years of education. Conclusion The Chinese version of ACE-III-CV is a reliable and valid screening tool for detecting MCI. The optimal cutoff scores are closely related with education level.

Relationship between cognition and the severity of chronic tinnitus: Validation of the Japanese version of the Tinnitus Cognitions Questionnaire.

The Tinnitus Cognitions Questionnaire (TCQ) is a scale designed to assess the positive and negative cognitions associated with tinnitus. The purpose of this study was to validate the Japanese version of the TCQ and to analyze the relationship between cognition and the severity of chronic tinnitus. This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study. Patients with chronic tinnitus persisting for longer than 3 months were included. Participants completed the TCQ, the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). They also completed the TCQ a second time 3-7 days later. The questionnaire was translated into Japanese. A factor analysis was performed and the convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were evaluated. The total sample consisted of 75 participants. We obtained high Cronbach's α coefficients for the total score and subscales, ranging from 0.933 to 0.974. The total score and subscale interclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.631 to 0.963. The factor analysis yielded a two-factor structure: negative and positive subscales. The convergent and discriminative validity was sufficiently clear. The negative subscale of the TCQ was strongly correlated with the THI and the HADS. The Japanese version of the TCQ was validated here. It also exhibited a two-factor structure that was well matched with previous data. And it was a highly consistent and reliable measure that can be used to evaluate cognitions in patients with chronic tinnitus. Negative cognition for tinnitus was greatly related to handicap and psychological state.

Translation, reliability, and validity test of Gujarati version of menopause rating scale in postmenopausal women for menopause-related symptoms

Background:Women's health has been a global concern for many decades. As menopause is midway between the challenges of adulthood and despair of old age, comes the changes of menopause in women. The menopause rating scale (MRS) is widely used to assess menopause-related symptoms. The MRS was first published in 1990 for assessing menopause symptoms. However, no reliable and valid tools are available in the Gujarati language to assess the individuals with menopause symptoms.Aim:The aim of the study was to translate and find out reliability and validity of the Gujarati version of MRS in postmenopausal women.Methods:The study was carried out in three phases: The first phase was the translation of scale into the Gujarati language; the second phase was a pilot study on 30 postmenopausal women age assesses the comprehensibility of the prefinal version; and the third phase was to find out the reliability and validity of the final version of scale.Results:The total value of intraclass correlation coefficient of test–retest reliability was 0.88, with the all items having individual intraclass correlation coefficients score ranging from 0.74 to 0.92. Reliability estimated by internal consistency reached a Cronbach's alpha of 0.94 and ranging from 0.85 to 0.95 test–retest.Conclusion:The Gujarati version of MRS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the menopausal symptoms and health-related quality of life in Guajarati-speaking populations.

Reliability and Validity of the Thai Version of the Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score (mJOA score)

Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Thai version of the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale.Methods: The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale was translated into Thai language to create the Thai version of the Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (Thai-mJOA) scale. Translation was performed according to international standards using a forward-backward translation protocol. Translation was performed by 2 expert translators and 1 physician, and the final version was approved by an expert committee. Thai patients with cervical spondylosis with myelopathy were enrolled and evaluated using the Thai-mJOA scale, Nurick Grading, the Thai version of the Neck Disability Index (Thai-NDI), and the Thai version of the Short Form-36 (Thai-SF-36). Reliability and validity of the Thai-mJOA were assessed via comparison with the Nurick Grading and the Thai-NDI.Results: Ninety-two patients were included. The most common compression level was C5-C6 vertebral disc. Cronbach’s alpha of the total Thai-mJOA showed excellent internal consistency (0.991). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability was 0.981 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.972-0.988). Regarding concurrent validity, the motor dysfunction score of the lower extremities and the total score of the Thai-mJOA were strongly correlated with Nurick Grading (r=0.825, r=0.712, respectively). The total score of the Thai-mJOA was moderately correlated with the Thai-NDI (r=0.670).Conclusion: The Thai-mJOA was found to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating symptom severity in Thai patients with cervical spondylosis with myelopathy.

Giving the Art Greater weight in Art Psychology: RizbA, a Questionnaire for Formal Picture Analysis

Abstract In empirical art psychology and creativity research most studies focus on the psychological correlates of art. Only few go beyond treating artworks as categorical data (e.g. abstract vs. representational) and consider artworks in detail. In part this is due to the lack of reliable quantitative measurements. The rating instrument for two-dimensional pictorial works (RizbA) makes a difference to current research designs. The current study validates the questionnaire on a representative sample of contemporary visual art, consisting of 318 images depicting works by artists from different cultural areas dated to the 21st century. In a randomized test-retest design, the pictorial material was rated by 506 (T1) and 238 (T2) art experts using RizbA. Statistical quality criteria, such as item difficulty, capacity of differentiation, test-retest reliability, and intraclass correlation were calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and indices of factor similarity were computed. The overall test’s capacity for differentiation yields partial eta-squared of .31 (T1) and .40 (T2). Test-retest reliability is .86. PCA reveals an eight-factor solution, which is largely consistent across both measurement points. Tucker’s coefficient of congruence ranges between |.71| and |1.00|. Intraclass correlation coefficients are .86 (T1) and .73 (T2). This study indicates generalizability of the questionnaire to contemporary artworks. Although a conclusion on the factors’ structure cannot be drawn yet, results are very promising. As the first reliable quantitative tool for formal picture analysis, RizbA allows more detailedexamination of visual art and its psychological correlates. This broadens research methodology by giving art greater weight in art psychology and creativity research.

Innovative Esteem: Antecedents and Relationship with Job Performance

This study aims to present and validate a new psychological construct, i.e. innovativeness-based self-esteem or shortly “innovative esteem” which reflects that innovative individuals evaluate their innovative capabilities to determine their significance, successfulness, and worthiness in organizations. Innovative esteem reflects attributes and capacities manifested by individual’s innovativeness specific feelings and evaluations about self. Standard procedures were followed to test construct and predictive validity for the new construct. Testing 546 paired responses from subjects working in hi-tech and R&amp;D sectors, this study empirically identified that personal innovativeness, organization-based self-esteem, learning goal orientation, and job autonomy significantly contribute to innovative esteem in organizational setting. Test of theory of interaction revealed that learning goal orientation and job autonomy interact with each other to determine innovative esteem. In addition, this research correlated innovative esteem with employee job performance by considering it as independent index. Innovative esteem is found to be significantly and positively correlated to employee job performance. The study further applied regression analysis to strengthen the finding, and found that innovative esteem significantly predicted employee job performance in time lagged setting. To establish evidence of stability of innovative esteem over time, data were collected again after one year. The test-retest reliability correlation provided the evidence of stability of innovative esteem over time. Present study proposed that innovative works can best be performed by employees high in innovative esteem which could be further confirmed empirically. It is suggested that organizations can outperform if managers consider innovative esteem of employees along with other dispositional factors. It is further suggested that significance of innovative esteem should be explored further in personality psychology and organizational behaviour.

Map-based assessment of older adults\u2019 life space: validity and reliability

BackgroundMap-based tools have recently found their way into health-related research. They can potentially be used to quantify older adults’ life-space. This study aimed to evaluate the validity (vs. GPS) and the test-retest reliability of a map-based life-space assessment (MBA).MethodsLife-space of one full week was assessed by GPS and by MBA. MBA was repeated after approximately 3 weeks. Distance-related (mean and maximum distance from home) and area-related (convex hull, standard deviational ellipse) life-space indicators were calculated. Intraclass correlations (MBA vs. GPS and test-retest) were calculated in addition to Bland-Altman analyses (MBA vs. GPS).ResultsFifty-eight older adults (mean age 74, standard deviation 5.5 years; 39.7% women) participated in the study. Bland-Altman analyses showed the highest agreement between methods for the maximum distance from home. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.19 (95% confidence interval 0 to 0.47) for convex hull and 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.52 to 0.84) for maximum distance from home. Intraclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability ranged between 0.04 (95% confidence interval 0 to 0.30) for convex hull and 0.43 (95% confidence interval 0.19 to 0.62) for mean distance from home.ConclusionsWhile acceptable validity and reliability were found for the distance-related life-space parameters, MBA cannot be recommended for the assessment of area-related life-space parameters.