Correlates Of Self Research Articles

Mating system of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), a successful colonizer in North America

The mating system of Centaurea solstitialis L. was investigated in relation to its colonization of North America. A preliminary investigation of its reproductive biology suggested that the species is a pollinator-dependent outbreeder, and probably self-incompatible. Quantitative analysis of the mating system parameters was performed using progeny arrays assayed for nine allozyme markers. Multilocus outcrossing rates (tm) ranged from 0.948 to 0.990 among eight populations. Moderate levels of biparental inbreeding (≈6 per cent apparent selfing) were detected in most populations. The correlation of outcrossed paternity within progeny arrays (rp) ranged from 0.05 to 0.64 among populations, indicating differences in modes of outcross pollination. A geographically marginal population, San Diego, showed the only significant parental inbreeding coefficient (F=0.27), as well as highest rp, suggesting microevolutionary changes of mating system following founder events. One other population exhibited significant variation of individual plant outcrossing rate, with a correlation of selfing within progeny arrays of rs=0.65, indicating variation of self-incompatibility. Mating system variation in colonizing, self-incompatible species is valuable for understanding the evolution of self-incompatibility systems.

Mating system of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), a successful colonizer in North America

The mating system of Centaurea solstitialis L. was investigated in relation to its colonization of North America. A preliminary investigation of its reproductive biology suggested that the species is a pollinator-dependent outbreeder, and probably self-incompatible. Quantitative analysis of the mating system parameters was performed using progeny arrays assayed for nine allozyme markers. Multilocus outcrossing rates (tm) ranged from 0.948 to 0.990 among eight populations. Moderate levels of biparental inbreeding (≈6 per cent apparent selfing) were detected in most populations. The correlation of outcrossed paternity within progeny arrays (rp) ranged from 0.05 to 0.64 among populations, indicating differences in modes of outcross pollination. A geographically marginal population, San Diego, showed the only significant parental inbreeding coefficient (F=0.27), as well as highest rp, suggesting microevolutionary changes of mating system following founder events. One other population exhibited significant variation of individual plant outcrossing rate, with a correlation of selfing within progeny arrays of rs=0.65, indicating variation of self-incompatibility. Mating system variation in colonizing, self-incompatible species is valuable for understanding the evolution of self-incompatibility systems.

Selfing and biparental inbreeding: a mating system analysis in Lymnaea peregra (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae)

The mating system was analysed in three populations of Lymnaea peregra, under the mixed-mating model (MMM) and the effective selfing model (ESM), using progeny array data and allozyme markers. The results revealed variation among populations for the outcrossing rate (tm ranged from 0.646 to 0.983). This finding modifies the earlier classification of L. peregra as a predominantly outcrossing species. The occurrence of biparental inbreeding and population substructure in one of three populations was suggested from positive (tm—ts) under the MMM, covariation of the effective selfing rate with parental fixation index, as well as the great difference between the effective selfing rate of inbred and outbred parents under the ESM. The within-population distribution of the outcrossing rates varied extensively and may involve different patterns of selection and levels of inbreeding depression among the populations studied. Consistently, the estimation of correlated matings showed different levels of the correlation of selfing within progenies in the three populations. Levels of multiple paternity for the outcrossed progeny were positively associated with higher population outcrossing rates, which may reflect the propensity of preferential outcrossers to copulate actively.

Mating system of Carapa procera (Meliaceae) in the French Guiana tropical forest

The mating system of the tropical rainforest tree Carapa procera was studied for a population located within a sylvicultural trial in French Guiana. We used the mixed-mating model with the genotypes of 47 open-pollinated progenies at ten polymorphic loci, obtained through isozyme analysis. Seeds were collected on both logged and unlogged (control) plots, which were interspersed. A high multilocus outcrossing rate (0.78) was found for the global population. and there was indirect evidence for nonrandom mating for outcrosses. It is argued that this may be due to some kind of positive assortative mating, probably biparental inbreeding. Correlation of selfing between sibs was not significantly different from zero. and the proportion of full-sibs among outcrossed sib-pairs was significant but low (0.16). We found significant differences between outcrossing rates when computing separate estimates for the 14 trees located on logged plots (tm = 0.63) and the 33 trees located on undisturbed plots (tm = 0.85). It is argued that the decrease in density is probably not the only cause of the decrease in outcrossing rate on logged plots. Lastly, several points concerning the reliability of the estimation are outlined. In particular. the downward bias due to ignoring null alleles during genetic interpretations of zymograms is quantified in a few cases by simulating artificial populations.

Cultural correlates of self perceived health status among Chinese elderly.

This study examines self-perceived physical and mental health among 213 Chinese elderly who visited the Geriatric Outpatient Clinic of Beijing Hospital, the People's Republic of China. The study hypothesizes that cultural factors, specified by family relations, along with demographic factors, number of diseases, economic well-being, and living conditions have a significant impact on subjects self-perceived health status. Pearson correlation, linear and logistic regression analyses are performed. Results indicate that age, number of diseases, perceived family respect, neighborhood relations, and percentage of income spent on rent are significant predictors of self-perceived physical health. These same factors plus preference to live with a son and personal monthly income are significant predictors of self-perceived mental health. Socio-cultural implications of these findings are examined.

Genetic constraints on mating system evolution in the cleistogamous annual Impatiens pallida: inbreeding in chasmogamous flowers

Each Impatiens pallida individual has both a selfing mode of reproduction (cleistogamy) and a potentially outcrossing mode of reproduction (chasmogamy). The persistence of such a mating heteromorphism is in direct contrast to the theoretical expectation that mixed-mating strategies are evolutionarily unstable. Studies designed to detect fitness advantages of chasmogamous reproduction find only slight differences in the fitness of seed from the two reproductive modes. Inbreeding in chasmogamous flowers could cause these results. This hypothesis was tested by estimating the parameters of the correlated matings model for each of three generations in a natural population of I. pallida using multilocus electrophoretic data from 8934 chasmogamous seed sampled from 1080 individuals. Effective selfing in chasmogamous flowers averaged more than 0.50, changing from 0.66 to 0.54 to 0.48 over three generations. Geitonogamous selfing comprised approximately 80 per cent of this inbreeding in each generation: the remainder was mating among relatives. The correlation of selfing and the correlation of outcrossed paternity within and among the chasmogamous flowers of individuals were moderate in each generation, ranged within +0.11 to +0.21 and changed little over three generations. Individuals that were further from their nearest neighbour or were shorter produced a greater proportion of inbred chasmogamous seed. Those that produced more chasmogamous flowers had higher rates of geitonogamous selfing. Taken together these results are strong evidence that substantial inbreeding occurred in chasmogamous flowers through both geitonogamous selfing and biparental inbreeding, that this inbreeding caused the genetic correlation of chasmogamous sibs to be more similar to the genetic correlation among completely selfed sibs than to the genetic correlation among completely outcrossed sibs, that effective selfing within chasmogamous flowers can change over generations and be influenced by plant architecture and pollinator behaviour, and that chasmogamous flowers of I. pallida have a stable, partially selfing mating strategy.

Self-Care in Relation to Informal and Formal Care

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the prevalence, inter-relationships and correlates of various forms of self, informal and formal care. Analyses of data drawn from a random sample of 743 non-institutionalised elderly individuals living in Winnipeg, Manitoba reveal similarities as well as differences among the three types of care. Self- and formal care are somewhat similar, being positively related and having similar correlates. Nevertheless, substitutability as a consequence of medical scepticism is also evident. Both are unrelated to informal care. It is poor health in the form of functional disability and the availability of support through the marital relationship which are the strongest correlates of informal care. In contrast, health (chronic conditions and perceived health status) as well as beliefs in the efficacy of both preventative health behaviours and medical services are among the strongest correlates of self- and formal care.

Studies on the Correlation of Self to Clothing

Studies on the Correlation of Self to Clothing

Correlation of Self and Solute Diffusion Data with Cohesive Energy

Correlation of Self and Solute Diffusion Data with Cohesive Energy