Correct Rules Research Articles

Interlanguage in recount writing text on 8th grade secondary school student

This study attempts to analyze interlanguage production made by ten eight-grade students who were enrolled in one of the secondary schools in Jakarta. Interlanguage happens when a learner talk in the target language but their linguistic framework is still the source language (any prior language they knew beforehand). It is intended to explore kinds of interlanguage that occur in their recount writing and to explain the potentials of why the errors emerge in their recount writing. The data of the study requires one recount text writing produced by the participants of this present study. This study employed a qualitative research design and it was specifically presented using a descriptive case study. Furthermore, document analysis is employed as the procedure of collecting data when analyzing the writing. The result of the study showed that based on students' recount writing, the interlanguage is detected from the way they formed passive sentences, incorrect verb agreement, unparalleled sentences, and L1 to L2 translation. In that sense, it can be concluded that interlanguage happens due to L1 tendency which still dominated the students' minds when producing the target language. Thus, the students should be assisted to practice the correct rules of English in their writing, especially in recount text to prevent any possible fossilization.

Constrained plasticity reserve as a natural way to control frequency and weights in spiking neural networks

Biological neurons have adaptive nature and perform complex computations involving the filtering of redundant information. However, most common neural cell models, including biologically plausible, such as Hodgkin–Huxley or Izhikevich, do not possess predictive dynamics on a single-cell level. Moreover, the modern rules of synaptic plasticity or interconnections weights adaptation also do not provide grounding for the ability of neurons to adapt to the ever-changing input signal intensity. While natural neuron synaptic growth is precisely controlled and restricted by protein supply and recycling, weight correction rules such as widely used STDP are efficiently unlimited in change rate and scale. The present article introduces new mechanics of interconnection between neuron firing rate homeostasis and weight change through STDP growth bounded by abstract protein reserve, controlled by the intracellular optimization algorithm. We show how these cellular dynamics help neurons filter out the intense noise signals to help neurons keep a stable firing rate. We also examine that such filtering does not affect the ability of neurons to recognize the correlated inputs in unsupervised mode. Such an approach might be used in the machine learning domain to improve the robustness of AI systems.

SIKAP BAHASA DAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI PERGURUAN TINGGI

A positive attitude is an attitude of enthusiasm towards the use of the language (the language used by the group / speech community where he is). Conversely, if these characteristics have disappeared or weakened from a person or from a group of members of the speech community, it means that a negative attitude towards a language has hit that person or group of people. Law Number 24 of 2009 Article 25 states that Indonesian is a national identity, national pride, a means of unifying various ethnic groups, as well as a means of communication between regions and regional cultures. Therefore, as a user of Indonesian, you should have a sense of pride in using Indonesian. However, in the scope of higher education, a positive attitude towards language is not fully owned by most students. Awareness of loyalty, pride in owning, and maintaining the Indonesian language seems to be lacking. This is because students tend to be more confident when using a foreign language compared to their own language. In the context of learning Indonesian, this task is only borne by Indonesian language teachers and lecturers. This paradigm should be changed because getting used to using Indonesian properly and correctly will reap maximum results in increasing student academic achievement. Understanding Indonesian in accordance with good and correct Indonesian language rules is needed for students to have a positive attitude in using Indonesian. A positive attitude in Indonesian can be shown in the form of language loyalty, language pride, and awareness of language norms.

POLITICAL CORRECTNESS IN BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

In a world increasingly trying to erase past inequalities and discriminations, words must communicate intent as much as ideas. We live in politically correct cultures, where unspoken rules of respectability govern conduct in cross-cultural interactions, meaning interactions among people of different races, genders, or religions. Therefore, it is essential to use politically correct language to avoid offending the audience. Even if it is not intended, failing to do so can have devastating effects professionally and personally. As it is frequently seen in the media, writing or speaking without using politically correct or inclusive language can have a negative impact that proves impossible to take back, especially in today’s age of social media and online content sharing. Politically correct means expressing yourself using neutral, unbiased, and inoffensive language that does not degrade, demoralize, or discriminate against another person or group. Inclusive language considers all perspectives without exclusion, inferiority, or stereotyping. Conspicuous prejudice and discrimination in the workplace are far less acceptable today. Laws now protect traditionally underrepresented groups from flagrant discrimination in hiring and promotion, and political correctness has reset the standards for politeness and respect in people’s daily interactions. Yet, in spite of the progress mentioned, political correctness is an equivocal term. While it has helped many traditionally underrepresented employees to experience their workplace as more inclusive, the rules of political correctness can prevent employees from developing effective relationships across differences that might divide groups. The paper attempts to analyze the rise and enforcement of political correctness rules related to the ongoing economic processes in the new economy of the world. In this new economy, the organizational boundaries between states and firms become unclear and, apart from conceiving a new vocabulary able to express the changes the firms are undergoing, when speaking or writing, all members of the audience should be included and addressed using inclusive language.

Extrapolation accuracy underestimates rule learning: Evidence from the function-learning paradigm

Understanding the development of non-linear processes such as economic or population growth is an important prerequisite for informed decisions in those areas. In the function-learning paradigm, people's understanding of the function rule that underlies the to-be predicted process is typically measured by means of extrapolation accuracy. Here we argue, however, that even though accurate extrapolation necessitates rule-learning, the reverse does not necessarily hold: Inaccurate extrapolation does not exclude rule-learning. Experiment 1 shows that more than one third of participants who would be classified as “exemplar-based learners” based on their extrapolation accuracy were able to identify the correct function shape and slope in a rule-selection paradigm, demonstrating accurate understanding of the function rule. Experiment 2 shows that higher proportions of rule learning than ruleapplication in the function-learning paradigm is not due to (i) higher a priori probabilities to guess the correct rule in the rule-selection paradigm; nor is it due to (ii) a lack of simultaneous access to all function values in the function-learning paradigm. We conclude that rule application is not tantamount to rule-learning, and that assessing rule xlearning via extrapolation accuracy underestimates the proportion of rule learners in function-learning experiments.

الانحرافات فی إنشاء عقد الزواج وفرقه فی میزان الفقه الإسلامی

لقد أولى الفقه الإسلامي الأسرة المسلمة اهتماما بالغا، يقوم على حفظها ورعايتها واستقرارها، فشرع الزواج الصحيح السليم لبنائها، لتحقيق غاية جليلة، وهي التناسل والتوالد والتکاثر بغرض استمرار الجنس البشري لتتحقق العمارة التي أرادها الله تعالى للأرض. وهذه الغاية المرجوة من الزواج لا تتحقق إلا إذا نشأ الزواج صحيحا، وفق الضوابط والقواعد التي وضعها الشارع الحکيم لأن العقد الذي يفيد الاختصاص بالاستمتاع وحله هو العقد الشرعي الصحيح المستکمل لشرائطه، وفي حال فقد هذه الشرائط أو بعضها فإننا أمام انحراف حقيقي في الزواج، وفي فرق هذا العقد جاء الشرع الحکيم بقواعد حاکمة وضابطة لإنهاء رابطة الزوجية، والانحراف في فرق الزواج يتمثل في مخالفة الأسس والقواعد الصحيحة السليمة الموضوعة لإيقاع الطلاق أو الخلع. ولقد جاء البحث محاولة مني في جمع الصور الظاهرة في الإنحراف في إنشاء عقد الزواج وفرقه، ففي إنشاء عقد الزواج تمثلت صور الانحراف في زواج المرأة بدون وليها مع انعدام الکفء، مع التعرض لبعض الصور المعاصرة الشاذة عن عقد النکاح کزواج الوشم، وزواج الشفاه، الزواج برسائل المحمول، زواج الکاسيت، والزواج الأبيض، وزواج الهبة، زواج الطوابع، زواج السر، کما يتمثل الانحراف في إجبار المرأة على الزواج، أو في الزواج بنية التحليل، أو تخبيبها للزواج بها أو زواج الإخوة من الرضاع أو تأخير سن الزواج، أو اشتراط إعلام الزوجة الأولى، أما الانحراف في فرق الزواج فيظهر في الطلاق بإيقاع الرجل للطلاق حال حيض المرأة، أو طلاق الثلاث بلفظ واحد، أو تعليقه بأمور خارجة عن أصله، أو الطلاق بمجرد ميل الرجل إلى أخرى، أو بطلب إحدى الزوجات، أو الطلاق بنية حرمانها من ميراثها کما يظهر الانحراف في الخلع، إذا وقع الخلع بدون افتداء الزوجة، أو وقع الخلع جبرا عن الزوج. The aim of the research: To show the fiqh rulings of the deviations arising in the marriage contract and its difference. The Approach: The Inductive Analytical Approach. Fiqh has given the Muslim family great attention, based on its preservation, care and stability, so the right and proper marriage is prescribed to build it, in order to achieve a great goal, which is reproduction, and reproduction for the purpose of the continuation of the human race in order to achieve the architecture that Allah Almighty wanted for Earth. This desired goal of marriage is not achieved unless the marriage was established correctly, according to the rules and regulations set by the wise Allah because the contract that benefits the jurisdiction of enjoyment and its solution is the correct legal contract that has completed its strings, and in the event that these strings or some of them are lost, then we are facing a real deviation in marriage, and in a difference. This contract came in the sharia with governing and controlling rules to end the marital bond, and the deviation in the marriage difference is the violation of the correct and sound principles and rules laid down for the infliction of divorce or khula. The research came as my attempt to collect the images that appear in the deviation in the establishment of the marriage contract and its forms. In the establishment of the marriage contract, the images of deviation were represented in the marriage of the woman without her guardian with lack of incompetence, with exposure to some contemporary anomalous images of the marriage contract such as tattoo marriage, lip marriage, marriage by mobile letters, cassette marriage, white marriage, gift marriage, stamp marriage, secret marriage, The deviation is also represented in forcing the woman to marry, or to marry with the intention of dissolving, or to subvert her to marry her or to marry the brothers through breastfeeding or delaying the age of marriage, or the requirement to inform the first wife, as for the deviation in the marriage difference, it appears in the divorce by causing the man to divorce in the event of a woman’s menstruation. Or divorce the three with one word, or suspending it with matters outside of its origin, or divorce as soon as the man inclines to another woman, or the request one of the wives, or divorce with the intention of depriving her of her inheritance as evidenced by the deviation in the khula, if the khula takes place without redeeming the wife, or the khula takes place forcibly. the husband.

An Analysis of Batu Bara Malay Students’ Pronunciation in English Consonant Cluster and Word Stress

Pronunciation has many great important roles in one speaking performance. The inappropriate pronounced words cause the negative impact of misunderstanding. Therefore, this study aims to find out how the pronunciation of Batu Bara Malay students, particularly the English consonant clusters and the word stress, and to identify the factors affecting Batu Bara Malay students’ difficulties in pronouncing English consonant clusters and the word stress. The qualitative method was applied in this study. There were 25 students of seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Datuk Tanah Datar as the study subjects who speak the Malay Language as their mother tongue. The data were collected by recording students’ voice and interviewing. The researchers applied the Miles and Huberman model to analyze the data. The results are Batu Bara Malay students’ ability to pronounce English consonant clusters around 29%. Most of the students inaccurately utter the English consonant cluster word at the final position. The students’ ability in pronouncing English word by correct word stress rules around 30%. As the students' achievement under 50%, it means their ability in pronouncing consonant cluster and word stress is very low. These problems are caused by the existence of the mother tongue intervening in their process of learning another language and the distinction between English characteristics and nature compared with Indonesia Language (similar to the Malay language), particularly consonant clusters. English has more types of consonant. Besides that, the lack of both knowledge and pronunciation exercises on how to pronounce English word accurately for beginner learners so the students are unable to pronounce English consonant clusters and emphasize appropriate word stress.

Analysis of the Instruction Question Language in the Arabic Textbook for Class X Islamic Senior High School Published by the Ministry of Religion of Indonesia/ Analisis Bahasa Intruksi Soal pada Buku Ajar Bahasa Arab kelas X Madrasah Aliyah Terbitan Kemenag Indonesia

Abstract This study aims to determine the quality of language instruction in the class X Madrasah Aliyah Arabic textbook published by the ministry of religion in 2020 by referring to the language instruction criteria for question practice according to Rusydi Ahmad Thuaimah and the Directorate of Islamic Education. The research method is descriptive qualitative with the Miles and Huberman model. Data found 53 kinds of exercise instructions in four maharah with data results: 1) using Arabic fusha, there are 53 items, 2) the point instruction language used easily to understand there are 53 points, 3) unambiguous there are 51 points, 4) giving examples of how to do it, there are 8 points, 5) using correct and standard language rules, there are 49 points, 6) using communicative language there are 53 points. Thus, the instructions for practising questions in the book are very suitable to be used as a reference in making exercise instructions.

Learning to Purify Noisy Labels via Meta Soft Label Corrector

Recent deep neural networks (DNNs) can easily overfit to biased training data with noisy labels. Label correction strategy is commonly used to alleviate this issue by identifying suspected noisy labels and then correcting them. Current approaches to correcting corrupted labels usually need manually pre-defined label correction rules, which makes it hard to apply in practice due to the large variations of such manual strategies with respect to different problems. To address this issue, we propose a meta-learning model, aiming at attaining an automatic scheme which can estimate soft labels through meta-gradient descent step under the guidance of a small amount of noise-free meta data. By viewing the label correction procedure as a meta-process and using a meta-learner to automatically correct labels, our method can adaptively obtain rectified soft labels gradually in iteration according to current training problems. Besides, our method is model-agnostic and can be combined with any other existing classification models with ease to make it available to noisy label cases. Comprehensive experiments substantiate the superiority of our method in both synthetic and real-world problems with noisy labels compared with current state-of-the-art label correction strategies.

Development and experimental validation of hierarchical energy management system based on stochastic model predictive control for Off-grid Microgrids

Abstract In this study, a hierarchical energy management system (EMS) is proposed, to coordinate different energy sources in an islanded multi-good microgrid. The first layer deals with the daily scheduling problem, while the second layer balances the generation in real-time. A novel second layer formulation, relying on model predictive control under a scenario-based stochastic approach (sMPC), is introduced and it is compared to a reference formulation, based on a central proportional-integral controller following the indications set by the first layer. The proposed sMPC explicitly accounts for uncertainty considering several scenarios of very-short term forecast errors, that act as disturbances for the system. The sMPC evaluates the control actions and the correction rules required to guarantee optimal operations through disturbance-feedback. The EMS is implemented in an experimental setup and tested for daily operations under a rolling horizon approach. The accuracy of the numerical system simulation is evaluated, resulting in an average discrepancy of 1.7%, in terms of operation cost, with respect to the experimental operations. Then, a test case comparing the proposed EMS with the reference approach shows that the adoption of sMPC allows to approach the lowest possible operation cost achievable by a second layer with an advantage of 2.7 % against the reference case. Finally, the developed sMPC leads to only 0.5% additional costs than an ideal controller working on the same control layer.

P94 Pre-Operative Fasting in Surgical Patients at Good Hope Hospital – Reducing incidents of unnecessary prolonged fasting periods in patients undergoing surgery

Patients are often fasted from food and liquid for unnecessarily long periods of time prior to surgery. There is often misunderstanding amongst patients and even members of staff as to what exactly is meant by the pre-operative fasting rules, specifically the meaning of ‘clear fluids’. Prolonged fluid fasting can result in significant distress to adult and children patients through feelings of thirst, hunger and anxiety. Prolonged fasting can also negatively affect insulin resistance and severe cases of hypoglycaemia and hypovolaemia.A questionnaire was handed out to elective surgical patients over a month period between September and October 2019. Data was then collated and compared to the 2011 ESA Guidelines standard where 100% of patients should be fasted appropriately. Results were presented and a poster was created which will be distributed at pre-operative assessment clinic and displayed in clinical areas and the day-case unit.68 responses to the questionnaire were collected. The results showed that 58% of patients received both written and verbal advice about pre-operative fasting. However, 42% of patients stated they received no information about being able to drink clear fluids until 2 hours prior to their operation and therefore fasted from fluids for longer than required.In conclusion there was still disparity between what exactly was meant by ‘clear fluids’ and many did not realise the list included coffee and tea without added milk. The next steps would be to implement clear posters outlining correct fasting rules and reinforce education to healthcare staff about this matter. Patients are often fasted from food and liquid for unnecessarily long periods of time prior to surgery. There is often misunderstanding amongst patients and even members of staff as to what exactly is meant by the pre-operative fasting rules, specifically the meaning of ‘clear fluids’. Prolonged fluid fasting can result in significant distress to adult and children patients through feelings of thirst, hunger and anxiety. Prolonged fasting can also negatively affect insulin resistance and severe cases of hypoglycaemia and hypovolaemia.

Critique of Yusuf Haddad's Doubts About the Existence of Contradictions in the Verses of the Qur'an

One of the miraculous aspects of the Qur'an that has been considered by thinkers since the beginning of Islam is its miracle in the guise of difference and the absence of contradiction. Due to a superficial analysis of the contents of the verses and the lack of correct principles and rules in the interpretation of the Qur'an, some Orientalists have been under the illusion of contradiction and have made contradictions about the Qur'an. One of them is Yusuf Haddad, who has attributed the existence of contradictions to the Qur'an, such as the creation of the earth and the sky, and the questioning or non-questioning on the Day of Judgment. In this article, while examining the doubts raised by him, he tries to state that the existence of any discrepancy and contradiction in the verses of the Holy Quran is nothing more than an illusion and the apparent contradiction that can be seen in the verses of the Holy Quran is removed with a little care and reflection.

What Is the Knowledge of Evacuation Procedures in Road Tunnels? Survey Results of Users in Poland

This paper presents a preliminary assessment of road tunnel safety issues among respondents—specifically, real and potential users of road tunnels. We recruited a group of respondents to study their knowledge of evacuation procedures and awareness of safety issues in road tunnels. We conducted surveys with 504 participants, 12.7% of whom had previously participated in real-scale evacuation experiments in a road tunnel. Analysis of respondents’ answers reveals that their knowledge of safety procedures is unfortunately not sufficient. On average, the respondents selected the most recommended answer for approximately 5.35 out of 15 questions. Only 16% of respondents correctly answered more than 50% of the survey questions; moreover, no respondent provided the correct answers for 12 or more questions. Interestingly, most respondents were convinced that they had a better knowledge of road tunnel safety issues than was actually the case. The results of the survey demonstrate a significant educational role of evacuation exercises. Individuals who have participated in an evacuation have better knowledge, allowing them to apply the correct rules of road tunnel safety procedures. Various aspects addressed in this paper can be taken into consideration in an information campaign regarding safety in road tunnels during a fire.

Rule-based generalization of threat without similarity

Threat generalization to novel instances is central to adaptive behavior. Most previous work has investigated threat generalization based on the perceptual similarity between past and novel stimuli. Few studies have explored generalization based on abstract, non-perceptual relations despite their importance for cognitive flexibility. In order to measure such rule-based generalization of threat without perceptual similarity, we developed a novel paradigm that prevents perceptual features from gaining predictive value. Our results demonstrate that participants responded according to the correct abstract rule and used it to successfully generalize their anticipatory behavioral threat responses (expectancy ratings, sudomotor nerve activity, and heart rate responses). Our results further show that participants flexibly adapted their responses to an unsignaled mid-session contingency reversal. We interpret our results in the context of other rule-based generalization tasks and argue that variations of our paradigm make possible a wide range of investigations into the conceptual aspects of threat generalization.

An annihilator-based strategy for the automatic detection of exponential polynomial spaces in subdivision

Exponential polynomials are essential in subdivision for the reconstruction of specific families of curves and surfaces, such as conic sections and quadric surfaces. It is well known that if a linear subdivision scheme is able to reproduce a certain space of exponential polynomials, then it must be level-dependent, with rules depending on the frequencies (and eventual multiplicities) defining the considered space. This work discusses a general strategy that exploits annihilating operators to locally detect those frequencies directly from the given data and therefore to choose the correct subdivision rule to be applied. This is intended as a first step towards the construction of self-adapting subdivision schemes able to locally reproduce exponential polynomials belonging to different spaces. An application of the proposed strategy is shown explicitly on an example involving the classical butterfly interpolatory scheme. This particular example is the generalization of what has been done for the univariate case in Donat and López-Ureña (2019), which inspired this work.

Comment on “Magnetic field effects on oscillator strength, dipole polarizability and refractive index changes in spherical quantum dot”

Yakar et al. (2018) investigated the optical properties of spherical quantum dot such as the oscillator strength, the static dipole polarizability and the refractive index changes as a function of magnetic field strength. We studied their article and we found that there are some mistakes in their optical calculations. The selection rules on the quantum number m that they used to obtain allowed intersubband transitions are not correct. Here, we introduce the correct selection rules.

Learning to think about language step by step: a pedagogical template for the development of cognitive and reflective thinking skills in L1 grammar education

Traditional L1 grammar teaching focuses on students’ learning the correct grammar rules rather than learning how to deal with grammatical issues in real life. This is mainly due to the fact that traditional grammar education suggests that language consists of sentences which are well-formed according to a fixed prescriptive norm. However, language is messy (especially spoken language), and even the analysis of written language is often unclear and controversial. Students generally do not learn how to deal with the differences between the prescriptive norms taught at school, language in real language situations, and their own language intuitions. They are not taught how to develop a more reflective attitude to tackle ill-structured language issues. Such a reflective attitude could be stimulated by a pedagogical approach to grammar that addresses higher order cognitive thinking skills and teaches students how to consult language resources. In this paper we combine a cognitive learning model with a reflective development model into a pedagogical template aimed at stimulating both cognitive learning and reflective development.

Game-Theoretic Framework for Malicious Controller Detection in Software Defined Networks

The separation of control and data plane in Software Defined Networking (SDN) introduces new security threats. A compromised controller can leverage its position to perform attacks by installing malicious rules in switches while avoiding detection. Current approaches propose broadcast of flow-setup requests to multiple controllers simultaneously and to check consistency of forwarding rules to install the correct rule and identify compromised controllers. However, such approaches result in heavy load on the control plane, resulting in longer response times to requests and higher network cost to accommodate the increased load. To alleviate this issue, we propose a game-theory based framework to detect a malicious controller without overloading the control plane. Instead of broadcasting every request to multiple controllers, switches randomly broadcast requests on the basis of a randomization strategy obtained by the Stackelberg game, whose solution results in a randomization strategy that maximizes the detection probability of a malicious controller. We formulate a two-level optimization problem in the context of our game-theoretic framework that aims to maximize the attack detection probability among the set of controllers by mapping switches to controllers and obtaining randomization strategies for each controller. We develop <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Midas</i> (MalIcious controller Detection mApping Strategy), a heuristic algorithm to obtain an effective solution to the optimization problem in reasonable time. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Midas</i> achieves minimum detection probability within 12% of the optimal solution. Further, it achieves at least 80% of min-max ratio of load at the controllers, implying higher fairness in load distribution compared to optimal solution, a state-of-art algorithm and a baseline heuristic.

Extraction of Formal Manufacturing Rules from Unstructured English Text

Semantics-based approaches – founded on the idea of explicitly encoding meaning separately from the data or the application code – are being applied to manufacturing, for example, to enable early manufacturability feedback. These approaches rely on formal, i.e., computer-interpretable, knowledge and rules along with the context or semantics, which facilitates the reuse and sharing of the knowledge via semantic web technologies. On the other hand, manufacturing knowledge has been maintained primarily in the form of unstructured English text. It is considered impractical for engineers to author accurate, formal, and structured manufacturing rules. However, previous efforts on extracting semantics from unstructured text in manufacturing have mainly focused on basic concept names and hierarchies for ontology creation, rather than extracting complex manufacturing rules. In this context, this paper focuses on the development of a semantics-based framework for acquiring formal manufacturing rules from English text, such as those written in manufacturing handbooks, by guiding standard Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques with formal manufacturing knowledge (i.e., controlled vocabulary and domain ontology). Specifically, this paper studies the problem of rule extraction in the manufacturing domain, proposes the formal rule extraction framework, and demonstrates its feasibility. From the dataset of 133 sentences with a manufacturing rule, the proposed framework was able to extract correct rules from approximately 57% of the sentences. This paper also demonstrates the extensibility of the framework. Specifically, the framework was initially developed using the three sections of a manufacturing handbook, including milling, metal stamping, and die-casting sections, and could be successfully applied to the rest of the book after just updating the formal manufacturing knowledge to cover the other sections. This paper provides meaningful results in terms of formalization, thus will contribute to the development, sharing, and reuse of formal manufacturing knowledge that includes complex manufacturing rules.

ANALISIS PEWARNA RHODAMIN B DAN PENGAWET NATRIUM BENZOAT PADA SAUS TOMAT YANG DIPERDAGANGKAN DI PASAR BESAR TRADISIONAL KOTA MALANG

One type of food product that usually uses food additives in the form of coloring agents and preservatives is sauce. Tomato sauce is a pasta-shaped product with a distinctive aroma of tomatoes. The number of sauces containing hazardous substances circulating in the community because of the increasing number of emerging home industries that do not use the correct rules for making sauces. The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of Rodhamin B coloring agents and levels of preservative Sodium Benzoate in tomato sauce traded in the Traditional Market of Malang City. The design of this study is observational, which is to dig data about the quality of tomato sauce in Malang City's Big Market by looking at the content of Rhodamin B Content and Sodium Benzoate. From the results of the study note that all tomato sauce samples do not contain Rodhamin B, while 2 of the 3 samples contain sodium benzoate preservative which exceeds the maximum threshold of 1gr / kg. Therefore, the public must be careful in buying tomato sauce products or other products that can be harmful to health.