Corrective Process Research Articles

Corrective finishing of a micro-aspheric mold made of tungsten carbide to 50 nm accuracy.

The increasing demand on the optical performance of micro-aspheric glass lenses used for consumer, medical, as well as industrial applications places a high requirement on the surface quality of the molds used for replicating these lenses. However, it is difficult, almost impossible to generate a supersmooth surface with extremely high form accuracy by using the current cutting or grinding techniques. Therefore, this paper presents a corrective polishing process to finish micro-aspheric molds made of tungsten carbide by applying the vibration-assisted polishing method, aiming to obtain tens-of-nanometer form accuracy and subnanometer surface roughness. A polishing system which provides precise position, angle, and force control in 5 degrees of freedom (DOF)is employed for the experiments, and a tilting angle control method is introduced for the ease of the precisely controlling polishing force so as to keep the material removal rate stable. Then a dwell time algorithm is proposed by considering the scanning path of the polishing tool and the tilting angle of the workpiece. The experimental results show that after corrective polishing, the form accuracy of a micro-aspheric mold with high numerical aperture (NA) is successfully improved from 230nm peak-to-valley (PV) to under 50nm PV, while the surface roughness is reduced from 7.2nm root-mean-square (rms) to 0.5nm rms.

A correção em língua estrangeira a partir de uma perspectiva sociocultural e as crenças de professores sobre o assunto

O propósito deste artigo é discutir o feedback corretivo na aula de língua estrangeira a partir de uma perspectiva sociocultural (VYGOTSKY, 1978, 1986). Fatores afetivos são também considerados no processo corretivo. Quatro professores de línguas estrangeiras foram entrevistados para evidenciar suas crenças sobre o processo de correção em sala de aula. Os professores demonstraram uma atitude positiva sobre a correção, considerando-a como um fator que pode estimular o desenvolvimento dos alunos.

Pitch perfect: how fruit flies control their body pitch angle.

Flapping insect flight is a complex and beautiful phenomenon that relies on fast, active control mechanisms to counter aerodynamic instability. To directly investigate how freely flying Drosophila melanogaster control their body pitch angle against such instability, we perturbed them using impulsive mechanical torques and filmed their corrective maneuvers with high-speed video. Combining experimental observations and numerical simulation, we found that flies correct for pitch deflections of up to 40 deg in 29±8 ms by bilaterally modulating their wings' front-most stroke angle in a manner well described by a linear proportional-integral (PI) controller. Flies initiate this corrective process only 10±2 ms after the perturbation onset, indicating that pitch stabilization involves a fast reflex response. Remarkably, flies can also correct for very large-amplitude pitch perturbations--greater than 150 deg--providing a regime in which to probe the limits of the linear-response framework. Together with previous studies regarding yaw and roll control, our results on pitch show that flies' stabilization of each of these body angles is consistent with PI control.

Similarity of finger and hand intermittent corrective movements

Event Abstract Back to Event Similarity of finger and hand intermittent corrective movements Jason Friedman1, 2* and Lior Noy3, 4 1 Tel Aviv University, Physical Therapy, Israel 2 Tel Aviv University, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Israel 3 Weizmann Institute of Science, Molecular Cell Biology, Israel 4 Weizmann Institute of Science, The Theatre Lab, Israel Due to the inherent time delays in processing visual and proprioceptive feedback, it is believed that the central nervous system uses intermittent control as a way of producing stable movement, that is, corrections are made at discrete points in time rather than continuously. While several lines of evidence support this notion, the nature of this corrective process is largely unknown. In this study, we examined whether intermittent control results mostly from a central process by comparing two motor tasks with vastly different inertial properties and determining whether the frequency of these corrections is similar. We examined the frequency of these corrections when subjects attempted to move synchronously with (i.e. imitate) the motion of an unpredictably oscillating stimulus, with varying frequency and amplitude. Subjects performed the same task with two different types of movement - either raising and lowering the index finger, or moving a pen backwards and forwards, with the movements recorded with a motion capture system. We defined the onset of a corrective movement as a zero-crossing in the filtered acceleration profile, and removed the acceleration zero-crossings which corresponded to acceleration zero-crossings in the stimuli. We summarized for each subject the frequency of corrections using the value corresponding to the peak of the frequency histogram. We found that while the frequency of these corrections varied significantly across subjects (0.7 - 1.1 Hz), a similar frequency was used by each subject for the two tasks. These results support the notion that corrective movements results from a central process, and it is likely that a similar process is used for the two different movement types. Further, the significant between-subject variation suggests that the timing of these corrective movements varies across individuals, which is likely to affect strategies used for movement generation. Keywords: Hand, Movement, Imitation, motor control, Intermittent control, Finger Conference: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 27 Jul - 31 Jul, 2014. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Motor Behaviour Citation: Friedman J and Noy L (2015). Similarity of finger and hand intermittent corrective movements. Conference Abstract: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2015.217.00167 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 19 Feb 2015; Published Online: 24 Apr 2015. * Correspondence: Dr. Jason Friedman, Tel Aviv University, Physical Therapy, Tel Aviv, Israel, jason@tau.ac.il Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Jason Friedman Lior Noy Google Jason Friedman Lior Noy Google Scholar Jason Friedman Lior Noy PubMed Jason Friedman Lior Noy Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Restoration as experiment

Large-scale ecological restoration generally employs un-replicated trial and error to create habitats destroyed or degraded by human activity. Trial and error follows a management plan that employs the “best available practice” for each habitat type; adaptive management reflecting experience subsequently corrects errors. The process is slow because each restoration is often well-advanced before adjustments are attempted. Rare are simultaneous replicated trials during the initial restoration or corrective process. “Systemic experimental restoration” would design replicated planting or management contrasts at the outset of large-scale public and commercial restorations. Alternative treatments create mosaics of different manifestations of a community within a mosaic of habitat types. Replicated contrasts within habitats allow inference of cause and effect of success and failure on scales of communities, landscapes and ecosystems. For the long-term development of restoration ecology as a science, semi-natural communities of known contrasting histories will be important to encourage managers or investigators to create additional projects beyond explicit management or scientific objectives of an initial management plan. By consciously integrating heterogeneity throughout restoration management plans, systemic mosaics of treatments within and between habitats would facilitate multiple habitat responses to unpredictable changes in climate and land use.

The Erasure Of A Mad And An Infamous Mother In Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea

The character of Bertha Mason has been stereotyped as a “madwoman in the attic” in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre (1847).” Jean Rhys in her novel “Wide Sargasso Sea (1966),” has tried to re-inscribe her character as Antoinette by analyzing how the imperialist and patriarchal forces led a woman from the wide world of Sargasso Sea to the attic of Thornfield Hall England. My contention to this corrective process of rewriting as rerighting is that, in an effort to authenticate Antoinette’s character, this writing has othered Annette, Antoinette’s mother, and has, in return, created another madwoman who has been left unattended in the plot that should have written back to the canon instead of furthering canonical images.

Methodology of numerical coupling for transient conjugate heat transfer

This paper deals with the construction of a conservative method for coupling a fluid mechanics solver and a heat diffusion code. This method has been designed for unsteady applications.Fluid and solid computational domains are simultaneously integrated by dedicated solvers. A coupling procedure is periodically called to compute and update the boundary conditions at the solid/fluid interface. First, the issue of general constraints for coupling methods is addressed. The concept of interpolation scheme is introduced to define the way to compute the interface conditions. Then, the case of the Finite Volume Method is thoroughly studied. The properties of stability and accuracy have been optimized to define the best coupling boundary conditions: the most robust method consists in assigning a Dirichlet condition on the fluid side of the interface and a Robin condition on the solid side. The accuracy is very dependent on the interpolation scheme. Moreover, conservativity has been specifically addressed in our methodology. This numerical property is made possible by the use of both the Finite Volume Method and the corrective method proposed in the current paper. The corrective method allows the cancellation of the possible difference between heat fluxes on the two sides of the interface.This method significantly improves accuracy in transient phases. The corrective process has also been designed to be as robust as possible. The verification of our coupling method is extensively discussed in this article: the numerical results are compared with the analytical solution of an infinite thick plate in a suddenly accelerated flow (and with the results of other coupling approaches).

Cognitive Function and Beliefs in Luck in the Consumer Context

Dual-process attribution theories suggest that attributional reasoning involves automatic judgments that are adjusted by a controlled correction process. However, this corrective process is vulnerable to failure because human cognitive capacity is of a limited pool of resources. Three experiments test whether there is a corrective process for people who hold beliefs in luck, and if so, whether cognitive constraints inhibit this process. Results suggest inhibited executive function impedes the usual correction of beliefs in luck, which facilitates future expectations of success. As such, factors within our environment that tax cognitive resources may enable people to act on beliefs in luck. This finding holds important theoretical and practical implications for gambling because these factors could range from the mindset created by financial distress or the ambient casino environment.

Affective Damage to Oral Corrective Feedback among Students in Libyan Secondary Schools

This study was carried to investigate how the learners in EFL classes emotionally react to the corrective feedback process in classroom settings and how it can affect their motivation towards the target language. For collecting the data a questionnaire was designed with ten questions and distributed among the students studying at secondary schools in Misurata, Libya. Responses to 110 valid questionnaires were analyzed. This paper first reviews the controversial role of corrective feedback in SL classrooms. Then the findings are reported and discussed. The findings show that affective damage is caused to the students, in different ways, in EFL classrooms, during the corrective feedback process. It has also found evidence that oral corrective feedback can affect the attitudes of the learners in a negative way. This paper highlights this negative aspect of the corrective feedback.

A Dual Process Account of Coarticulation in Motor Skill Acquisition

ABSTRACT Many tasks, such as typing a password, are decomposed into a sequence of subtasks that can be accomplished in many ways. Behavior that accomplishes subtasks in ways that are influenced by the overall task is often described as “skilled” and exhibits coarticulation. Many accounts of coarticulation use search methods that are informed by representations of objectives that define skilled. While they aid in describing the strategies the nervous system may follow, they are computationally complex and may be difficult to attribute to brain structures. Here, the authors present a biologically- inspired account whereby skilled behavior is developed through 2 simple processes: (a) a corrective process that ensures that each subtask is accomplished, but does not do so skillfully and (b) a reinforcement learning process that finds better movements using trial and error search that is not informed by representations of any objectives. We implement our account as a computational model controlling a simulated two-armed kinematic “robot” that must hit a sequence of goals with its hands. Behavior displays coarticulation in terms of which hand was chosen, how the corresponding arm was used, and how the other arm was used, suggesting that the account can participate in the development of skilled behavior.

Validation and mathematical model of workspace Measuring and Positioning System as an integrated metrology system for improving industrial robot positioning

This article aims to improve the absolute accuracy of an individual industrial robot by means of integrating itself with the workspace Measuring and Positioning System, which is currently under development at Tianjin University, China. We found that the absolute positioning error persists in the robot base frame, whereas the errors, both in position and orientation, can be reduced by changing the reference frame from the robot to the integrated metrology system, that is, the workspace Measuring and Positioning System. What it needs more is several additional corrective movements. And this correction work just needs roughly calibrated parameters between the robot frame and the workspace Measuring and Positioning System frame. To validate it, we present the experiment which demonstrates that the absolute error of the industrial robot can be less than 0.2 mm by virtue of the workspace Measuring and Positioning System and the convergent corrective movements. Aiming to explain the results, this study deduces the mathematical model in detail about the integration of the robot with the workspace Measuring and Positioning System. The model explains why the integration of the robot with the workspace Measuring and Positioning System applies. First, the model tells that there exists a low requirement, that is, the tolerable rough level of the parameters between the robot frame and the workspace Measuring and Positioning System frame, for assuring the convergence of the corrective movements. Second, the relationship among the relevant factors in the corrective process is given. Finally, besides the workspace Measuring and Positioning System, this model is of general significance for any available metrology systems with which the industrial robot can integrate, and it may also provide theoretical instructions for the improvement of the robot off-line programming, that is, the robot can work at a higher accuracy provided by the integrated metrology system.

Priors engaged in long-latency responses to mechanical perturbations suggest a rapid update in state estimation.

In every motor task, our brain must handle external forces acting on the body. For example, riding a bike on cobblestones or skating on irregular surface requires us to appropriately respond to external perturbations. In these situations, motor predictions cannot help anticipate the motion of the body induced by external factors, and direct use of delayed sensory feedback will tend to generate instability. Here, we show that to solve this problem the motor system uses a rapid sensory prediction to correct the estimated state of the limb. We used a postural task with mechanical perturbations to address whether sensory predictions were engaged in upper-limb corrective movements. Subjects altered their initial motor response in ∼60 ms, depending on the expected perturbation profile, suggesting the use of an internal model, or prior, in this corrective process. Further, we found trial-to-trial changes in corrective responses indicating a rapid update of these perturbation priors. We used a computational model based on Kalman filtering to show that the response modulation was compatible with a rapid correction of the estimated state engaged in the feedback response. Such a process may allow us to handle external disturbances encountered in virtually every physical activity, which is likely an important feature of skilled motor behaviour.

A systematic approach to relief and flare systems evaluation

The process industries are primarily concerned with the reliability, availability, auditability, and maintainability of relief and flare systems data. These data are critical component of process safety information and its lifecycle must be properly managed to ensure sound process safety management and loss prevention programs.For most large facilities, the process of managing the lifecycle of relief and flare systems data are complex and fraught with challenges and risks, whether the work is performed internally or contracted out. For existing large facilities, the process of relief and flare systems evaluations require mechanical and process data collection, field verification, up to date heat and material balances, information about process safeguards, scenario identification, establishing relief requirements, identification and risk ranking of deficiencies, and managing the corrective actions process for addressing deficiencies where applicable.Reliability is influenced by many technical and human factors including the quality of data, adequacy of tools used for analysis, the qualifications of the relief systems engineers performing the scenario identification, and relief and flare systems evaluations.Availability primarily deals with how quickly can one access accurate and up to date relief and flare systems data. This is especially challenging since relief systems data are not all “structured” data and are interconnected with other engineering data systems.Auditability involves version control and the management of revisions and/or modifications of relief and flare systems that typically result from plant/process modifications, process hazard analysis, incident investigations, etc.Maintainability requires keeping the relief and flare systems data forever green and enabling efficient reviews and revisions.This article describes a systematic web‐based workflow methodology for managing the lifecycle of relief and flare systems data for a single site or at a corporate level. The workflow methodology breaks the flare and relief systems data lifecycle into discrete components and activities, with built‐in review, approval, quality management, and reporting. Built‐in business and engineering rules ensure that all activities can only progress when specific quality criteria are met.This system was developed based on our experience with the execution of many such large scale projects for refineries, chemical, and petrochemical facilities. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 32: 230–238, 2013

Postural control and cognitive decline in older adults: Position versus velocity implicit motor strategy

The present study explored the impact of cognitive decline on postural control strategies in older adults with and without cognitive decline from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease (MMAD). We hypothesized that the cognitive decline affected the postural control leading to higher bounding limits of COP velocity dynamics. Based on a cross-sectional design, 175 non-faller older adults were recruited in Angers University Hospital, France, including 50 cognitively healthy individuals [CHI] (mean age 76.42±4.84 years; 30% women), 64 age- and body mass index-matched participants with MCI (mean age 77.51±6.32 years; 39% women), and 61 age- and body mass index-matched participants with MMAD (mean age 78.44±3.97 years; 62% women). For all data collection of postural sway, the participants were asked to maintain quiet stance on force platform. The postural test consisted of two trials of quiet stance, with eyes open and with eyes closed. The COP parameters were mean and standard deviation (SD) of position, velocity and average absolute maximal velocity (AAMV) in antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions. Overall, the analysis concerning all COP parameters revealed a significant main effect of cognitive status on velocity-based variables, with post hoc comparisons evidencing that SD velocity and AAMV increased with cognitive impairment. The current findings suggest an active control (or corrective process) of COP velocity dynamics for CHI, whereas MCI and MMAD are affected by COP movements.

Procedure for service level management based on the standard ISO/IEC 20000:2005

Service level management is an important aspect to ensurequality in service delivery, allowing offering and managingthese levels in order to achieve customer satisfaction. Inthis sense, this paper presents a procedure for the executionof service level management process, which seeks to meetthe requirements established by the standard ISO/IEC20000-1:20005 in this area. This procedure considers theactivities, tasks, roles and work products that allow managethe service requirements in order to achieve satisfactoryagreements for providers and clients, perform permanentmonitoring in the service delivery to find failures, makepertinent corrective actions and evidence compliance ofservice level management process. This proposal wasevaluated by means of the focus group method, showingthat the structure is adequate to support requirements ofstandard ISO/IEC 20000-1:20005, useful, practical, welldetailed and is a great contribution to the companies thatprovide IT services.

Simulating Corrective Maintenance: Aggregating Component Level Maintenance Time Uncertainty at the System Level

The corrective maintenance process can be decomposed into failure and repair processes. Creating a model to capture the corrective maintenance process then requires an accurate estimate of the behavior of these constituent processes. For systems composed of many individual parts, information about failure and repair behavior is more likely to be available at the component level than the system level. Depending on the number of components that comprise the system, modeling each part may become computationally burdensome; in addition, some few components may account for a large portion of the overall system failures.In such a situation, one solution to the modeling burden is aggregation: the mathematical assimilation of many component distributions into a single representative distribution for the group. This paper describes how aggregation may be performed for such a system and how an algorithm may be developed to automate the process. Next, it describes how to simulate an aggregated distribution using a pseudo-random number generator and finally demonstrates these concepts for a sample problem. The first section of the paper introduces corrective maintenance modeling and aggregation; the second section describes aggregation for corrective maintenance; the third explains how to simulate the aggregated distribution; the fourth demonstrates aggregation; and the fifth discusses limitations of the method and concludes.

Manufacturing inventory model with discrete random machine breakdown and discrete stochastic corrective and preventive repair time

In this paper, we consider a manufacturing inventory system with process deterioration, machine breakdown, corrective and preventive maintenance. Demand rate of items follow discrete stochastic distribution. Normally, production process starts with ‘in-control’ state and produce good quality items. As time passes, production equipment may deteriorate and shift to ‘out-of-control’ state. Afterwards, it produces some percentage of defective items. Additional deterioration of production process may result in machine breakdown during production period. If machine breakdown occurs during the production period, then corrective repair starts instantaneously otherwise preventive repair carries out at the end of production period. The machine failure time, corrective and preventive repair time and process shifting time follow discrete stochastic distribution. We formulate the mathematical model and derive the optimal production run-time which minimises total expected production cost of the system. Sensitivity of the optimal solution with respect to different parameters is also analysed.

English

  It may be intuitive to assume that the quality of issue corrective actions (iCA) for customers with mobile terminal (MT) issues can be improved by collecting samples of the faulty products in question for verifying the issues reported from the field. This study was created to test this hypothesis using three different established statistical analysis methods: binary logistic regression, Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests and Mood’s Median Test. The methods are used because the data collected from in-house database tool is categorical. In this study, these methods were employed to test if the presence or absence of corrective actions process (CAP) samples had any effect on the perceived quality of issue corrective actions (P-QoiCA) or any effect on the perceived quality of issue resolution time (P-QoiRT) for service to the customers. This study also examined the effect of the quality of the collected samples (QoSa) on the absolute issue resolution time (iRT). The study checked if the frequency of requests for samples differs between MT products of different software platforms (SW_P). Additionally the paper investigated how the sample collection turnaround time (SC-TAT) differed in different sales areas (SA). The main findings were that the collected samples had no measurable effect upon the P-QoiCA or on P-QoiRT.  Also it has been shown that QoSa and the SC-TAT had no effect on the absolute time (iRT) to resolve customers’ issues. In addition to the aforementioned findings, the study noted as an aside that the Moods’ median test found significant differences in iRT between different software platforms (SW_ P).   Key words: Corrective actions process (CAP)-samples, non-parametric tests, log-normal distribution, logistic regression, perceived quality.

Fundamental Study on Nanoremoval Processing Method for Microplastic Structures Using Photocatalyzed Oxidation

Micro plastic structures, typified by photoresists for semiconductor devices or various MEMS devices, photosensitive resins of microstereolithography, and so on, play one of the most important roles in the microdevices manufacturing. In order to process finer plastic structures with higher reliability for more complexly-modulated microdevices in the next generation micromanufacturing field, a nano removal processing method, which can be applied to a corrective machining process with the removal resolution less than 10nm in both lateral and vertical direction, is strongly required. In this study, we propose a novel nano removal processing method for micro plastic structures with photocatalyzed oxidation. Here, we apply photocatalysts micro particles as a specially designed material removal tool tip. Since a light energy is not directly used for processing the material, a material removal resolution does not depend on the diffraction limit. Further, using photocatalysts is free from micro tool wear problem. As the first report, in order to verify the fundamental feasibility of the proposed method, we performed basic experiments using TiO2 micro particles with the diameter of 500nm for cured photosensitive resin surface. An AFM observation of the processed surface showed that a vertical removal resolution of 8nm was achieved.

TU-C-213AB-02: ACR/ASTRO Radioation Oncology Practice Accreditation Program

This session should familiarize participants with the objectives of the Radiation Oncology Practice Accreditation, the ACR‐ASTRO Practice Guidelines and Technical Standards, and the actual process of obtaining ACR‐ASTRO accreditation. The steps of the accreditation process will be reviewed, including the necessary pre‐survey documentation to be submitted with the application, the on‐site visit activities, and the final report contents. During the onsite surveys the ACR‐ASTRO surveyors review the staffing, equipment, treatment planning process, treatment records, as well as the quality control measures of the facility. The benefits of ACR‐ASTRO accreditation will be reviewed as well as common reasons for deferral of accreditation and the corrective action process.