Corrective Measures Research Articles

Quality control to improve LDL-cholesterol management in patients with acute coronary syndromes based on the ACS EuroPath IV project.

We performed quality control of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with a view to proposing corrective actions. Using a Define Measure Analysis Improve Control (DMAIC) approach applied to data from the ACS EuroPath IV survey, we measured attainment of two quality indicators (QIs) related to lipid-lowering treatment: (i) prescription of high-intensity statins (or equipotent treatment) before discharge, and (ii) proportion with LDL-cholesterol <55 mg/dL (1.4 mmol/L) during follow-up. A total of 530 European cardiologists responded and provided data for up to 5 patients from their centre, for acute and follow-up phases. Corrective measures are proposed to increase the rate of attainment of both QIs. Attainment of the first QI was measured in 929 acute-phase patients, 99% had LLT prescribed at discharge and 75% of patients fulfilled the first QI. Attainment of the second QI was assessed in 1721 patients with follow-up. The second QI was reached in 31% of patients. The DMAIC approach yielded 10 potential changes in prescription, 3 for the first and 7 for the second QI. The overall strategy is 'Fire to Target', i.e. early intensification of the LLT using statins, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 inhibitors, and is presented as an algorithm for routine application. Quality control for LLT, based on the ACS EuroPath IV survey, detected 10 potential changes in prescription that could enhance attainment of 2 QIs. Whether the Fire to Target strategy will be adopted and effective needs to be assessed in further steps of the EuroPath Quality programme.

Gut microbiome and prediabetes - a review

While there is extensive information available on how the gut microbiota alters in composition between normal individuals and individuals with diabetes, there is little evidence available on whether the alterations become apparent at the prediabetes stage (a preliminary state to T2DM which is characterized by altered glycemic parameters relative to a normal euglycemic state), and if these variations are potentially linked with the progression from prediabetes into diabetes. In this review, we aim to summarize all the findings on compositional shifts in the gut microbiome that are shown to occur in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes in contrast to euglycemic states. Our review also highlights the potential pathophysiological mechanisms that could explain these alterations in metabolism due to the presence of varying microbial environments in the gut. Moreover, we also gather the available evidence on the role played by various factors, such as dietary changes and exercise, and their potential role in inducing a change in the gut microbiome. Last but not least, our review also assess the changes to the microbiota population brought about by a subsequent probiotic and symbiotic supplementation, Metformin and Acarbose. Additionally, we also evaluate the use of above mentioned interventions in mitigating the progression of prediabetes into subsequent diabetes mellitus. We believe this review can help understand the dynamic role played by the gut microbiome in the onset of prediabetes and if there is a possibility of reverting back to euglycemia with correct measures.

RESULTS OF SURGICAL CORRECTION OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN ANORECTAL MALFORMATION IN CHILDREN

The high frequency of postoperative complications (POС) in the anorectal zone remains an urgent problem of pediatric surgery.Satisfactory results after a single intervention are 50-80%. After the correction of anorectal postoperative malformation (APM),functional disorders of the sphincter apparatus of the rectum are observed in 30-60% of patients, which further leads to fecal incontinence (FI) and chronic constipation (CC). We retrospectively analyzed the causes of the most common recurrent pathological conditions in the anorectal zone in children as well as tactical approaches, methods of software correction, and considered ways to prevent them.The aim. The goal is to improve the results of surgical correction of postoperative complications (POC) in the anorectalzone in children.Material and methods. 78 patients with POC in the anorectal zone after primary and repeated correction of anorectalmalformations (ARM) were examined. 197 reconstructive operations were performed. The diagnostic algorithm consisted ofclinical, X-ray, laboratory examination, MRI and endoscopic examination methods.The study has been carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The research protocol wasapproved by the Local Ethics Committee (LEK) of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the children’s parentswas obtained for the research. The authors declare that there is no confl ict of interest.Statistical processing of the study results was carried out using standard methods with the calculation of the absolute numberof observations (n) and the percentage ratio (%).Results and discussion. The analysis of long-term results after the primary and repeated correction of the ARM showedthat unreliable primary diagnosis, inadequate preoperative preparation, and the choice of the operation method led to thedevelopment of postoperative anal sphincter insuffi ciency (PASI), which required a large number of repeated operations. Thecauses of complications were studied, errors were analyzed, indications, timing, accesses, volume and methods of repeatedsurgery were optimized. The optimization of tactical approaches, methods of surgical and rehabilitation treatment led to theimprovement in the results of treatment of PASI up to 85.3%.Conclusions: 1. Indications and the choice of method for repeated correction of pathological conditions in the anorectal zone inchildren are determined taking into account the degree of PNAS. 2. Analysis of the causes of errors, optimization of diagnostics, tactics of intraoperative surgical correction and postoperative preventive measures contribute to improving the results of treatment of children.3. Optimization of tactical approaches, methods of surgical and rehabilitation treatment led to an improvement in the resultsof treatment of PNAS up to 85.4%.

Nursing Educators’ Experiences and Expectations of Research Production at a Faculty of Health Sciences: A Qualitative Study

Research production remains one of the most important tools to predict the likely number of future outputs for a set of researchers. Nursing educators have expectations when they enter an academic institution; however, if these expectations are not matched with their experiences, then their research production will be hampered. The purpose of this study was to explore nursing educators’ expectations and experiences regarding research production at the Faculty of Health Sciences at a national university in Namibia. The study used the qualitative approach with an explorative, descriptive and contextual design. Eighteen nursing educators from the School of Nursing and Public Health participated in the study. Participants were chosen by using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews between June and September 2022 and were analysed using thematic analysis for recurring themes. The following themes emerged from the data analysis: individual research output and role expectations; institutional factors affecting research production; and corrective measures to improve research production. These findings demonstrate that there is a significant need to support the production of quality research of nursing educators by addressing the requirements of the academic and research staff so as to maximise the impact of their research and establish the University of Namibia as a renowned international research institution. This can be achieved through creating an opportunity for hosting research seminars, and by providing adequate financial support to academics and research staff to maximise the impact of their research. The findings of this study can be used to develop baseline data, which can enable a “point-in-time” snapshot of individual activity. This will enable consolidation of metrics on research activity up to faculty, school and institutional performance that is geared towards improving research production among academics, as well as the development of policies that support such production.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and postural analysis of beekeepers

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) lead to fatigue and decreased productivity in workers, resulting in the need for many affected individuals to seek medical treatment annually. Beekeepers, like other agricultural workers, are susceptible to WRMSDs due to the continuous demands of their work and the repetitive movements involved. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of WRMSDs and assess the level of risk associated with different postures among beekeepers to improve their musculoskeletal health. To achieve this, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 33 beekeepers, consisting of two stages. Firstly, the Nordic Questionnaire was utilized to assess the prevalence of WRMSDs. Subsequently, the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) was employed to analyze and categorize the riskiest postures into four levels of corrective measures. The findings indicate that the most commonly affected areas were the back (51.5%) and waist (45.4%). The occurrence of WRMSDs in various body regions was significantly associated with the beekeepers’ years of experience and weekly working hours. Additionally, the prevalence of neck and back pain was significantly related to their body mass index (BMI). The OWAS postural analysis revealed that the back (36.75%) and arm (21.08%) regions required corrective measures as soon as possible (level III), while the back (26.47%) and legs (14.70%) fell under the category of corrective measures needed in the near future (level II). Combining the postural analysis results, 28.43% were classified as Action Levels (AL) II, 37.73% as level III, and 0.98% as level IV. This study demonstrates that WRMSDs are relatively common among beekeepers, primarily due to their extensive work experience and the adoption of awkward postures during their tasks. As a result, recommendations regarding ergonomics and physiotherapy are provided to alleviate pain and reduce the strain on critical postures.

Remote fruit fly detection using computer vision and machine learning-based electronic trap.

Intelligent monitoring systems must be put in place to practice precision agriculture. In this context, computer vision and artificial intelligence techniques can be applied to monitor and prevent pests, such as that of the olive fly. These techniques are a tool to discover patterns and abnormalities in the data, which helps the early detection of pests and the prompt administration of corrective measures. However, there are significant challenges due to the lack of data to apply state of the art Deep Learning techniques. This article examines the detection and classification of the olive fly using the Random Forest and Support Vector Machine algorithms, as well as their application in an electronic trap version based on a Raspberry Pi B+ board. The combination of the two methods is suggested to increase the accuracy of the classification results while working with a small training data set. Combining both techniques for olive fly detection yields an accuracy of 89.1%, which increases to 94.5% for SVM and 91.9% for RF when comparing all fly species to other insects. This research results reports a successful implementation of ML in an electronic trap system for olive fly detection, providing valuable insights and benefits. The opportunities of using small IoT devices for image classification opens new possibilities, emphasizing the significance of ML in optimizing resource usage and enhancing privacy protection. As the system grows by increasing the number of electronic traps, more data will be available. Therefore, it holds the potential to further enhance accuracy by learning from multiple trap systems, making it a promising tool for effective and sustainable fly population management.

Flood Hazard Evaluation Using a Flood Potential Index

Areas subject to flooding must be carefully analyzed to make correct measures for preventing disasters that impact the population’s lives and economy. In this article, we propose a flood potential index (FPI) to estimate flood susceptibility, using an optimal selection of weights for the criteria contributing to flooding risk evaluation. Comparisons with the situation when equal weights are assigned to each factor are exemplified in a case study from the Vărbilău catchment (Romania). The study reveals the necessity of an objective factor weighting choice for determining the flooded zones. The results are validated with the available data from the Romanian Waters Institute.

Characterisation of Waste and Assessment of Surface Methane Emissions by Static Chamber Technique at a Major Dumping Site in Central India

Given the vast amount and higher organic content of waste generated by developing nations such as India, as well as the challenges related to waste management and global warming, controlling methane emissions from such municipal solid waste (MSW) dumpsites becomes a major concern. As a result, studying the characteristics of solid waste dumped and the subsequent emissions of methane (CH4) from a site lacking proper disposal and gas emission management facilities, as is common in developing countries, becomes more important for suggesting appropriate corrective measures. In this study, MSW samples were collected from the Bhandewadi dumping site, a prominent site in Nagpur city and subjected to proximate, ultimate, and biochemical analysis. The results showed that the waste had high moisture content due to the tropical climate of the region which, together with the greater carbon content and organic matter (OM), may be responsible for increased overall greenhouse gas emissions. Biochemical study, on the other hand, revealed lower lignin content when compared with cellulose and hemicellulose, which are key contributors to CH4 emissions. The actual on site measurements using static chamber technique at fresh dumping sites showed that the methane (CH4) flux was between 1 and 14.3 mg m-2 sec-2 and 0.9 to 7.11 g m-3 day-2 at old dumping areas. The study contributes to a better understanding of the amount and unpredictability of methane produced by solid waste in an unmanaged dumping site.

Analisis dan Implementasi Honeypot Honeyd Sebagai Low Interaction Terhadap Serangan Distributed Denial Of Service (DDOS) dan Malware

Every computer device connected to a wide computer network is vulnerable to security risks. These threats encompass vulnerabilities to data, information, resources, and services within the system. These threats include intrusion, eavesdropping, theft of vital data, as well as damage to the network system. These actions are carried out by parties who are not accountable, commonly referred to as intruders or attackers. One method to prevent or anticipate these malicious actions is by utilizing the honeyd Honeypot technique. The honeyd Honeypot adopts a low-interaction approach, which involves indirect interaction with attackers. This Honeypot serves as a decoy or simulated server intentionally presented as a target for attacks. The purpose of this Honeypot is to detect and analyze ongoing attacks. In this research, the honeyd Honeypot is implemented as a simulated server resembling an authentic server. This server provides various services and opens several ports deliberately prepared as attack targets, such as Port 139, and Port 21.The results of this research unveil the existence of attacks. Signs of these attacks include a surge in network traffic, reaching up to 100 Megabits above the normal level. Another indicator is a sudden spike in CPU usage, reaching 100%. The activities of these attacks can be analyzed through the installed Wireshark application on the Honeypot server. Information obtained from this analysis encompasses details about the attacker's activities, enabling more effective preventive, anticipatory, and corrective measures. These steps encompass securing the server, network system, and existing services.

Barriers to Recruitment of Women to South African Mining Boards

Mining as a historically male-dominated industry in South Africa has legacy issues stemming from colonisation and apartheid, which contributed to gender (and racial) disparities. To address these disparities, corrective measures in the post-apartheid legislation and government policies have aimed to promote equal participation of women in the mining industry at all levels, including key leadership positions such as board memberships. However, despite two decades of enforced legislation, the representation of women in boardrooms remains below 22%. To better understand this issue, qualitative research was conducted through interviews with 28 directors in the South African mining industry. These interviews delved into the recruitment process and the criteria used for selecting directors within the industry. Nkomo and Ngambi’s meso-level framework guided the identification and classification of barriers reported in the literature on obstacles impeding women’s appointment to boards at individual/psychological, organisational/structural, and social/societal levels. Thematic analysis showed the prevalence of organisational and structural prejudices and barriers in the recruitment process and criteria. The male-dominated nomination committees drive recruitment by selecting acquaintances from their own networks whom they overpower in decision-making. This network reinforces the old boys’ club and glass ceilings, contributing to the lower confidence of women. This research recommends organisational structural policy-level changes to accelerate female board recruitment by imposing at least 40% female board representation. A balanced gender role combination of chief executive officer and chairman positions on each board is likely to break barriers associated with the male-dominated boardroom culture and practices.

Hybrid trust-based secure routing protocol for detection of routing attacks in environment monitoring over MANETs

Maintaining a healthy environment requires constant vigilance. Keeping constant tabs on environmental factors might be a useful tool in the fight against and recovery from environmental degradation. It is possible to send environmental data from strategically positioned sensors that monitor the surrounding circumstances. Environmentalists are the first to arrive at a disaster site, assess the situation, and take corrective measures. To get information from the sensors, they must coordinate with one another. Remote environmental sensing, the tracking from several physical systems, as well as risk assessment and management, have all seen significant improvements as a result of the use of these networks, which are comprised of many dispersed devices, each of which includes sensing, processing, and wireless technology capabilities. To facilitate communication between sensors and ecologists, the authors of this research suggest the usage of MANETs. To address these issues, a hybrid trust-based secure routing protocol is designed. Firstly, nodes are clustered using the Skill Optimization Technique. The Direct and Indirect (Hybrid) trust is computed using the Deep Q-Learning technique and then Routing is established using Diffusion Convolutional Neural Networks. With these methods, routing attacks such as Black Hole, Gray hole, and Wormhole attacks are identified and compared with the traditional security protocols using network simulation tools.

Optimizing Employee Performance through Timeliness in the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Bone Regency

This study focuses on the performance of employees in the Bone Regency Population and Civil Registration Service, with a specific emphasis on timeliness in completing work tasks. The aim is to analyze and evaluate employee performance in this dimension. The study contributes to the understanding of performance measurements in organizational settings and offers practical insights to enhance employee performance and meet public expectations in population and civil registration services. Using a descriptive research methodology with a qualitative approach, the study involved interviews, observations, and document analysis for data collection. The main findings reveal that employee performance in the timeliness dimension at the Bone Regency Population and Civil Registration Service is suboptimal. Factors contributing to this include the complexity of document processing, inadequate technological support, and poor time management. This study fills a gap in the literature by addressing specific challenges related to timeliness in employee performance within population and civil registration services. It provides recommendations for improvement, such as offering training on efficient document management, utilizing relevant technology, providing adequate support facilities, and enhancing coordination and communication. Implementing these corrective measures can help enhance employee performance in the service and improve overall efficiency.&#x0D; Keywords: employee performance, public service, effectiveness

Proposing a farm assessment toolkit: evaluating a South African land reform case study

ABSTRACT The paper presents a robust, scientific evaluation method to determine the potential viability of a farm, compared to its current performance. The comparison informs recommendations for sustainable farm development. The process entails a stepwise analysis of land suitability, enterprise potential, infrastructure status, operator capacity, inherent limitations and external risks of the farm. An expert panel considers quantitative and qualitative data to establish suitable development measures. Applied to a land reform initiative, ±2000 farms entailing 1.86 million hectares were evaluated, detailing corrective measures for each farm. Roughly 59% of the evaluated farms were potentially commercial, but only 7% performed accordingly. Correlations between farmer capability and farm performance, as well as between infrastructure and performance, were evident, indicating that post-settlement support is vital. As risk and limitation scores increased, farm viability tended to decrease. The tool accurately determined viability based on available resources (natural and physical), resulting in evidence-based policy advice. The evaluation informed land reform policy recommendations, proposing more coordinated support to improve access to services. The tool would also be useful for farmers to reflect on enterprise performance. The visual, sequential nature of the evaluation facilitates sound decision-making. The tool has potential as a valid agricultural development evaluation instrument.

Automated Recognition of Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) from Ultrasonic Fetal Heart Biometry

The growth and development of the fetus is monitored widely using Ultrasound imaging modality and has become synonymous with prenatal scanning. Analysing the images helps in the detection of congenital defects at an early stage which help to plan the delivery appropriately or for taking some corrective measures. The inherent noise of ultrasound imaging makes analysis of the images largely dependent on the expertise of the clinician and is prone to errors. Computer Aided Diagnostic (CAD) tools used in medical diagnosis assist the clinicians in analysing the images and reducing the chances of missing the defect. AI tools, machine learning and deep learning algorithms have shown improved classification performance of medical images in recent times have resulting in widespread implementation of these technologies in CAD tools. The proposed work discusses the use of machine learning for detection of Congenital heart disease (CHD). Frames resulting from the B mode Ultrasound cineloop sequence have been used for the study. A total of 870 frames with 550 normal frames and 320 abnormal frames are used for the study. Law’s texture feature have been extracted from the pre processed frames which in turn is used for classification. The performance of each of these features is compared using different kernels of SVM classifier. Tuning parameters regularization and gamma have been used to optimise the classification performance using grid search algorithm. It is observed that Laws texture feature results in better classification performance with an average accuracy and precision of 95% and specificity, sensitivity of 98%. Precision Recall curves and AUC-ROC plots have been used for comparing the performance of different kernels.

A Comprehensive Review on Error Detection and Correction and its Computational Requirements for IoT Networks

Wireless networks are undergoing a paradigm shift with emergence of high performance internet of things (IoT). The demand for bandwidth has significantly risen due to multimedia applications and high speed data transfer. Due to the large data speeds and wireless nature of the channel, error detection and correction measures are indispensable for high trustworthiness in networks. This paper presents a comprehensive review on need of error detection and correction in wireless networks and the related work done in the domain. The emphasis has been laid on the error detection and correction employing the turbo encoding mechanism. The turbo encoding mechanism has been chosen as the baseline technique as it shows adherence to the Shannon’s limit while exhibiting a steep plummet in the error rate, in the error rate even at low SNR values. The important features of the turbo encoding-decoding process has been cited with explanations. A review of the various categories of turbo codes and similar approaches has been presented. Salient features of contemporary work have been cited. Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Error Detection and Correction, Trustworthiness, Turbo Codes, Shannon’s Limit.

Анализ эффективности деятельности медицинских организаций, реализующих стратегию развития.

The development strategy is the most well-known model implemented in various industries, including healthcare. It allows managers to make decisions and focus the efforts of employees on processes that contribute to the achievement of the long-term goals of the organization. However, when conducting a study of management models that affect the sustainable development of healthcare organizations, we received conflicting results. On the one hand, some healthcare organizations implementing the development strategy achieved their results within 3 years or more. On the other hand, 24,6% of healthcare organizations using this concept participated in the study, which did not achieve sustainable growth in indicators. This was the basis for the present study Purpose of the study is to determine and the analysis of the effectiveness of the activities of healthcare organizations implementing a development strategy. Materials and methods. The study of management models for the development of healthcare organizations was carried out in the period from 2012 to 2023 at the Novosibirsk State Medical University. Sociological (n=625) and expert survey (n=286) of heads of healthcare organizations was conducted in the period from 2012 to 2018. Results. 625 heads of healthcare organizations participated in the sociological study. Only 43,4% of respondents used a development strategy in their work. According to the results of the study, healthcare organizations that implement a development strategy in 100% of cases pay special attention to the implementation of an effective strategy. Plan processes in line with the organization’s strategy 34,6% more often than the average of all organizations surveyed. 1,7 times more likely to cooperate with government and scientific organizations to achieve their strategic goals. In the internal policy of the organization, they emphasize the implementation of corrective and preventive measures, and also evaluate mutual cooperation between departments. Findings. The results of the study show that in order to achieve strategic goals, it is necessary to involve all the main activities of a healthcare organization, which gives reason to believe that the development strategy has a positive impact on the effectiveness of the organization as a whole. However, the method under study contributes to increasing the potential for sustainable development of a healthcare organization by only 39%. And a quarter of all the studied organizations that implement a development strategy do not achieve a stable growth of indicators within 3 years. This means that the studied management model can improve the efficiency of the organization only in combination with other approaches.

Structural characteristic of the model of early detection and primary pre-vention of cerebral stroke among the adult population

In the article, based on the analysis of world literary sources, official statistical data, and the work of international medical organizations, a systematic analysis and generalization of modern world experience regarding the possibilities of improving the system of early detection and primary prevention of brain strokes among the adult population was carried out. Based on this, an optimized model of early detection and primary prevention of brain strokes among the adult population was developed and scientifically substantiated. The optimized model takes into account the existing medical and social problems of people with brain strokes, the existing shortcomings in the measures of early detection and primary prevention of brain strokes among the adult population, and global achievements and developments. The proposed optimized model of early detection and primary prevention of brain strokes was developed on the basis of own research, careful and thorough study and analysis of modern models of work of domestic health care institutions and best practices of other countries. The optimized model consists of six main interconnected and interdependent main activity apparatuses (structural components of the model): conceptual and categorical apparatus (purpose, tasks, principles, priorities, approaches, properties); strategic and operational apparatus (management levels: strategic, tactical, operational); rule-making apparatus (existing legal framework, formation of new rule-making acts); information and communication apparatus (collection and processing of information, formation of a data bank); functional and organizational apparatus (individual, family, group and population level); practical-implementation apparatus (resource-action and subject-object guidelines, achievement of expected results, verification of effective and corrective measures (if necessary)). Keywords: measures of early detection and primary prevention, stroke pathology, optimized model, functional devices.

Provisional order for medical treatment

Safety, like risk, is an extended concept. Just like risk, safety provokes strong emotions and licenses in the exercise of power. But. While risk threatens, safety promises. And in this power to promise what it cannot offer lies a particular danger. Recognizing this danger requires special attention. The legislation of many states assigns to this term criminal legal value that distinguishes them from punishment. Apart from punishment, protective measures are referred to in many ways around the world: "corrective and protective measures", security measures", "other criminal measures of a legal nature", "preventive measures. A summary of the analysis of the rules on protective measures around the world allows us to define them as a set of preventive measures established by criminal law and applied by the competent authorities, to the person considered dangerous due to his mental state or consumption of dangerous substances. When we act in the public space, we have a duty to respect others at least as much as we respect ourselves or to the same extent as we expect to be respected. The description of humanity as a basic element in order to put in rational terms the necessity of awareness of the aspect that the instrumentalization of the other in order to achieve one's own goals represents, mainly, the reduction of the other to the quality of object. Respect is part of our duties towards ourselves and others, what is important from the point of view of our exposure is not so much the respect we have in relation to ourselves, but respect for customers, for users, for other citizens, for the whole community. A review of legislation and psychiatric factors is called for to provide practical guidance and assistance in conducting assessments to defend against persons with mental illness. There is a participation of psychiatrists who routinely conduct assessments of competence and expertise in this complex area. The established approaches and methods will ensure the accuracy of assessing the mental state of the defendant at the time of committing the crime.

Корекційно-профілактичні заходи для офісних працівників із функціональними порушеннями опорно-рухового апарату

Topicality. At the current stage of the society development, the number of men who work in the office at their computers is increasing significantly, which negatively affects their physical condition, in particular, the state of the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. The Objective of the Study is to develop measures aimed at prevention and correction of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system of office workers. The following Methods were used to solve the tasks: theoretical analysis of special scientific and methodical literature, systematic synthesis. Results of the study. The Results of the theoretical analysis of modern research on this problem attest to the effectiveness of increasing the motor activity of people of mature age by means of physical education and sports. In the process of research, it was determined that for office workers with functional disorders of the biomechanics of posture, it is advisable to use fitness equipment. The results of the survey of office workers confirmed their desire to engage in health-improving fitness using modern trends. We suggest that for implementation of corrective and preventive measures in order to improve the condition of the musculoskeletal system of office workers, it is advisable to use a variety of exercises. We also suggest using exercises with equipment, in particular with an isotonic ring, short and long fitness rubber bands, dumbbells, chips, as well as a roller for myofascial release. To implement these means , we suggest using seven main types of patterns: Squat, Lanch, Hinge, Step, Twist, Push nf Pull. To implement the program, it is advisable to use circular training according to the 16-14-12-10-8-6 program and the Tabata protocol. Conclusions. The use of outlined health fitness means for the correction and prevention of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system of office workers will contribute to the improvement of their physical development and working capacity.

CHANGES IN STEM EVOKED POTENTIALS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders that are becoming more and more common. The steady incidence rate and delayed diagnosis require the expansion and improvement of diagnostic methods for early correction and improvement of patients’ quality of life.&#x0D; The purpose of the study is to identify the changes in short-latency auditory evoked potentials (SAEPs) in children at risk for ASD formation, as well as in children with ASDs in order to determine the severity of speech delay and to draw up a corrective plan.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. The authors examined 50 children with ASDs: 40 boys and 10 girls. The control group consisted of 23 children of the same age without clinical signs of ASDs and speech delay (15 boys and 8 girls). When registering SAEPs, peak 5 dominant latency was determined. The distribution parameters of the latent period values of SAEP peaks were estimated.&#x0D; Results. A slight delay in peak 4 impulse conduction was found in children with ASDs over the age of 5. In the earlier age groups, these changes were considered clinically insignificant. When assessing peak 5, a sharp decrease in the speed of acoustic signals was observed in all age groups compared with the control. The results of SAEP assessment showed a pronounced slowdown in the conduction of auditory information by the brainstem at the mesencephalic level in children with ASDs compared to the control.&#x0D; Conclusion. Children with ASDs are characterized by disturbances in the speed and frequency characteristics of brainstem auditory tracts. The revealed decrease in peak 5 velocity is important for diagnosis, including differential diagnosis of speech delay, drawing up a corrective plan and carrying out early corrective measures, and for the prevention of developmental disorders in young children.