Correction Device Research Articles

A Comprehensive Assessment of Various Converter Topologies for Electric Vehicle and Grid Integration

The emergence of Vehicle-to-Grid technology presents an encouraging frontier, enabling electric vehicles (EVs) to work as energy resources for various resident appliances, thereby playing crucial roles in peak load management, power stability, and balancing the load. Vehicleto- grid hinges on both directions of power flow between the Electric Vehicle batteries and AC grid, facilitated by converters having bidirectional electronics power. This study undertakes a comprehensive investigation of various power factor correction (PFC) devices and various converter (DC to DC) topologies tailored for Vehicle to Grid or Grid to Vehicle operations. A detailed comparison of THD, efficiency, and power level of various topologies has been presented in this paper. The observations based on the comparative analysis have also been given. Additionally, through a detailed analysis, considering factors such as efficiency and THD, this study aims to guide the selection of suitable bidirectional chargers, thus serving as a valuable resource for decision- makers in the Electric Vehicle domain.

Heart Rhythm Correction Device Using Non-invasive Stimulation of Vagus Nerve and Cervical Sympathetic Ganglia

The design and construction process of a non-invasive operating device aimed at regulating heart rate in patients with arrhythmias is presented. The methodology involved a combination of electronic devices, biomedical instrumentation and physiological procedures. Through the functioning of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve and magnetic stimulation of cervical sympathetic ganglia are performed. Bioelectromagnetic stimulation induced activity in the sinus node or the cardiac nervous plexus, thereby achieving heart rhythm regulation. This stimulation must be performed on the right atrial branch of the vagus nerve in cases of tachycardia, whereas magnetic stimulation is applied to the cervical sympathetic ganglia in cases of bradycardia. The device consists of a real-time arrhythmia detector, which operates through an optical sensor. Preliminary results suggest an excellent option as a complement therapy in arrythmias. The sensor reading is recorded by a microcontroller with a comparison algorithm that correlates the previously stored stable rhythm to the rhythm a patient experiences during an arrhythmia episode. When the algorithm detects an irregularity, it generates a signal that activates one of the stimulators, depending on the type of arrhythmia occurring. Each stimulator has a microcontroller automated to generate stimulation based on the sensor’s reading.

Digitalized 3D Spinal Decompression and Correction Device Improved Initial Brace Corrections and Patients' Comfort Among Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Single-Centre, Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel three-dimensional (3D) spinal decompression and correction device in improving the in-brace correction and patient comfort level for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and to assess the impact of the number of vertebrae involved in the scoliotic curve on the correction's effectiveness. A single-centre, single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in 110 AIS patients aged 10-18 years who were randomly allocated into four groups receiving 0-3 days of device intervention. Each session lasted for 30 min and was conducted twice daily. Significant improvements were observed in both the in-brace correction ratio and patient comfort level, particularly in the 2- and 3-day intervention groups (p < 0.001). The number of involved vertebrae for a scoliotic curve was positively correlated with the in-brace correction ratio in the no intervention (or 0-day) and 1-day intervention groups, while this correlation varied in the 2- and 3-day intervention groups. These findings suggested that the prolonged use of the 3D device could improve the correction ratios and patient comfort, while the role of vertebrae involvement in predicting the initial correction may require further exploration to optimize personalized treatment strategies in future clinical practice.

Monitoring Perishable Commodities Using Cellular IoT: An Intelligent Real-Time Conditions Tracker Design

Perishable product losses can occur throughout postharvest handling. Proper monitoring of key environmental conditions during this period is essential for predicting quality losses throughout their shelf life. This paper presents the design and testing of a portable and compact datalogger for the real-time monitoring of environmental conditions throughout the food supply chain. The device developed incorporates high-precision sensors to measure temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, luminosity and vibrations, as well as wireless communication capabilities for data transmission, simplifying real-time monitoring over existing multi-component systems while keeping costs affordable. Strategies to optimize power consumption allow a month of battery life, being able to cover entire periods of transport and storage, according to the results of the autonomy test performed on the device. The datalogger uses NB-IoT and relies on other wireless communication protocols if not available to send sensor data to a cloud platform. Comparative testing with commercial dataloggers has been carried out to verify correct device measurements, and field testing has validated successful real-time data transmission along an entire refrigerated transport route. The functionality and autonomy of the proposed device meet the needs of live remote monitoring to help reduce food losses.

Comparative analysis of methods for regulating the frequency characteristics of simulators of electrical characteristics of spacecraft power supply systems

One of the main systems of a spacecraft (SC) is the power supply system (PSS). The basis of PDS are secondary power sources (SPS), which use various methods of controlling and converting electricity, which leads to significant differences in their dynamic properties. From the side of on-board consumers, the dynamics of the power transmission system is determined by the total internal resistance (impedance) of the VIP. When conducting ground electrical tests of spacecraft ETS, due to the complexity of using power supply systems, test complexes are used, the basis of which is simulators of electrical characteristics of electric power transmission systems (EPTS). Modern ISPS use a modular configuration principle, which makes it possible to produce EPTS of different powers, but energy modules have fixed or adjustable impedance frequency characteristics over a narrow frequency range, which leads to a limitation of the types of simulated PSPS. Equipping the EPTS with the property of regulating frequency characteristics in a wide frequency range expands the functionality of the EPTS, as it allows you to simulate the dynamic properties of the PSEP containing different types of VIPs. The purpose of the work is to study and comparative analysis of three methods for regulating the impedance frequency characteristics (IFC) of the EPTS module. Methods for regulating the frequency response of an EPTS are considered on the basis of its generalized functional diagram containing mathematical models: amplifier-adder (AS), serial correction device (CU), power amplifier (PA), voltage divider (DN) and load (L). The article analyzes options for regulating the impedance frequency characteristics of EPTS, and considers three methods for regulating the IFC: two with a passive correction device and one with an active CU. The paper presents a simulation model in the MicroCap package of the electrical circuit of the EPTS module, and computational experiments have been carried out on each method of regulating the IFC of the EPTS. Based on the results of the study, a method for correcting and regulating the IFC of the EPTS is recommended, which makes it possible to separately regulate the low-frequency and mid-frequency regions of the IFC, which makes it possible to significantly simplify the configuration and provision of the IFC of the EPTS in accordance with the specified requirements.

Understanding the clinical management of co-occurring sleep-related bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea in adults: A narrative and critical review.

Sleep-related bruxism (SRB) is a motor oral behavior characterized by tooth grinding and jaw clenching activity, reported by 8%-12% of the adult general population and 3% of older individuals. The frequency of one of its biomarkers, rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA), remains elevated across ages. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with the brief and repetitive pause of breathing (apnea) and with transient reduction in oxygen (hypoxia). OSA is observed at all ages and in about 50% of older individuals with a male preponderance. SRB clinical assessment is based on self-reporting of tooth grinding sound, awareness of clenching, jaw pain or headache, and clinical observation of tooth damage. OSA clinical assessment is based on sleepiness and fatigue, snoring, sleep quality, and awareness of breathing cessation, plus clinical examination of anatomical factors (e.g., obesity, retrognathia, large tonsil, macroglossia), age, gender, and body mass. Although the literature does not support association or causality between these two conditions, the co-occurrence is reported in about 30%-50% of adults. To confirm a diagnosis of co-occurring SRB and OSA, home sleep testing (HST) may be indicated. A sleep test is performed using electromyography (EMG) of jaw muscle (masseter or temporalis) and cardio-respiratory variables (e.g., air flow, respiratory effort, oxygen level, heart rate). The management of co-occurring SRB and OSA for individuals with prosthodontic needs is challenging to prevent compromising the oro-pharyngeal space and breathing efficiency. OSA treatment in the presence of SRB includes continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use alone or with an occlusal splint or mandibular advancement device (MAD). In addition, the following may be considered: supine sleep correction device, myofuncional therapy, medications, and surgeries. All have limitations and risks. Individual variability suggests that phenotyping is mandatory to select the most efficient and personalized treatment.

Urinary Continence Restoration Through an Endourethral Device: A 3-Month Pilot Study on 10 Patients.

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a widespread and frustrating condition that affects millions of people worldwide, with severe consequences on patients' quality of life and health care systems' costs. Currently, the most severe cases of SUI are treated using implanted (and rather invasive) extraurethral artificial sphincters. The authors propose an innovative, minimally invasive endourethral device for the treatment of SUI. Methods: Ten patients with SUI were enrolled in three Italian centers and underwent device implantation. After 10, 30, 60, and 90 days, correct device position was confirmed by ultrasonography. Improvements in continence and quality of life were evaluated through a 24-hour pad-test, an International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnarie-Short Form (ICI-Q) and a custom checklist. The device was explanted after 90 days. Results: The proposed device was successfully implanted and explanted in 8 out of 10 patients. The results of the pad-test, ICI-Q, and custom checklist demonstrated remarkable improvements in continence (median improvement: 82% with respect to the initial condition) and quality of life (mean reduction of the impact of urine losses on the quality of life: 61%). No major pain or discomfort was reported. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed endourethral artificial sphincter in addressing SUI. The proposed device was successfully implanted and explanted in a short time (∼10 minutes) without intrinsic side effects and without triggering pain or discomfort.

Development of Best Practice Guideline for the management of hot holes in surface coal mines

Surface coal operations in which mining activities are conducted above old underground workings experience hot holes after drilling. In a coal mine, hot holes are defined as shot holes, which after being drilled have an in-hole ambient temperature of 40°C or above or show a temperature increase of 3°C or more during monitoring. Hot holes and other cavities, such as cracks, pose health and safety risks to workers, such as exposure to hot air and high concentrations of noxious gases released from these holes. In addition, workers may be exposed to premature detonation of explosives caused by in-hole temperature increases and chemical reactions. To this end, Coaltech Research Association commissioned a project to develop a Best Practice Guideline for the management of hot holes. This paper is a compilation of the activities conducted in the development of the Best Practice Guideline between 2021 and 2022. The activities included a review of standard operating procedures and hot-hole temperature-measuring and -monitoring devices, and the assessment of current hot-hole procedures at selected mines. The results indicated that management of hot holes requires a focus on pre-emptive risk assessment of mining blocks, identification of hot holes using the correct temperature-measuring devices, and continuous monitoring of hot holes from the time of drilling until just before blasting. Hot-hole management accessories, such as polyvinyl chloride sleeves, were found to be effective in insulating the hot-hole emulsion from the rock mass temperature, thus preventing the potential for premature detonation.

The impact of cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐based contact lenses

AbstractContact lenses are widely used corrective devices for addressing vision impairments. In addition to their traditional role, these lenses are increasingly applied in personalized care, biosensing, and drug release, thus broadening their application as multifunctional devices. Nanoparticles are often used to introduce new functionalities to these materials. In this context, the role played by different nanoparticles requires attention to ensure that lens manufacture and patient comfort meet the desired criteria. This study investigates the properties of contact lenses prepared by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals into the poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) matrix. Using photopolymerization reactions, polyHEMA‐based lenses and nanocomposites containing freeze‐dried and never‐dried nanoparticles were obtained. Fundamental properties of these lenses were evaluated to verify whether the nanoparticles could have a negative effect on the materials. Subsequently, the potential impact of these nanoparticles on the adsorption of model amino acids was investigated. Our findings reveal that the presence of cellulose nanocrystals modifies on lens thickness, light transmittance, mechanical properties, refractive index (RI), and the uptake of amino acids by the contact lenses. This could potentially affect patient comfort and modify the uptake and release of pharmaceutical ingredients by the material. Additionally, it could impact how these materials interact with biomolecules present in the lacrimal fluid.

Efficacy of a Modified Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis in Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Case Study

Background and Objectives: Adult patients with late-onset idiopathic scoliosis (LIS) presents with cosmetic concerns, back pain, muscle fatigue and the psychological effects of living with a visible deformity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of modified thoracolumbosacral orthosis on adult female patient with LIS who had been suffering from chronic back pain still refusing for spinal surgery. Case Report: A 27-year-old female patient clinically diagnosed with late onset left LIS with apex at T8 level reported to our institute for spinal rehabilitation with orthotic management. She was completely examined for radiographic findings and treated with physiotherapy and modified thoracolumbosacral orthosis with anterior corset and turn buckle device for gradual correction of deformity and spinal alignment. At a 12-month follow-up, the patient no longer suffered from daily low back pain (LBP) (with heavy lifting only) and was fully active. Additionally, her post intervention radiographs showed an improvement in left thoracic scoliosis and coronal balance. Conclusion: This study suggests that the new modified custom-made design of spinal orthosis may be effective in the management of adult LIS and it represents an acceptable alternative to surgery for patients who refused for surgery.

Development of Image Pre-Processing Methods for Software Compensation of Anomal Refraction of the Observer’s Eyes

In recent decades, the practice of demonstrating various static and video images to users using digital, processor-controlled, most often self-luminous devices (computer monitors, smartphone and tablet screens, etc.) has spurred the development of various methods to improve the perception of such images by means of computerized image preprocessing. This also applies to methods of preprocessing images shown to users with various refractive anomalies of the eye(s) (e.g., myopia or astigmatism) in situations where they are not armed with glasses or other corrective devices. Over the past 20+ years, researchers have published dozens of papers on this task, referred to as the precompensation task. In our opinion, the time has come to reflect on the development of scientific thought in this direction and to highlight the most important milestones in realizing the problems on the way to achieving “ideal” precompensation and in approaches to their successful solution. This is the focus of the first part of this review. In the second part, we focus on the current state of research in the stated area, highlight the problems not solved so far, and try to catch the trends of further development of image precompensation methods, paying maximum attention to neural network approaches.

Turbulence image correction using focused light field camera

Under turbulent conditions, the images of objects may be severely blurred and become unrecognizable because of the complex aberrations introduced by turbulence. Using adaptive optics (AO) to compensate for these wavefront aberrations can theoretically solve the problem of image blurring under turbulent conditions. However, due to its small field of view and high cost, the AO system is difficult to widely use. In recent years, using the technology of light field photography to correct turbulence images has been proposed. However, the current studies are either based on the structure of the non-focused light field camera, which makes it hard to achieve good image quality, or on the need to redesign the core sensor of the non-focused light field camera, which greatly increases the cost and complexity. We believe that the structure of a focused light field camera has a good potential for turbulence image correction and propose a new method of achieving a corrected focused image using a focused light field camera in this paper. We propose to use phase estimation instead of depth estimation for a focused light field camera and phase maps instead of a depth map as the basis for achieving a focused image. By the proposed method, a corrected focused image with a large field of view under turbulent conditions is achieved without using independent wavefront correction devices or redesigning the light field camera. The experiments are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method under strong turbulent conditions in the laboratory and real turbulent conditions in the outdoors. The proposed method in this paper provides a new and low-cost solution for image correction for optical imaging systems under turbulent conditions, so it has a high application value.

TELEMONITORING IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE: EXPERIENCE FROM THE TELECUORE PROJECT IN PIACENZA

Abstract Background Starting from February 2023, the Piacenza’s Hospital has approved the use of a cardiological telemonitoring system called ‘TeleCuore’ project. This system, through the monitoring of various vital parameters which are frequently sent by patients via a dedicated platform, allows for remote assessment of the clinical status of 250 individuals with chronic heart failure (CHF). Objectives The objective of this study is to analyze the number and nature of alerts in the data sent by patients and the consequences on patient’s management derived from the alerts received through the telemedicine system. Materials and Methods 250 patients with CHF identified following recent episodes of clinical instability have been equipped with a home monitoring device (Adilife system). This involves collecting the following data: body weight, temperature, blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and single–lead EKG. These data are daily filtered by perfusionist technicians (TFCPC) and dedicated nurses, reviewed by the Case Manager and cardiologists. In case of recognition of altered parameters, the platform generates alerts according to pre–set clinical parameters, enabling proactive and personalized interventions on patients. In the 9 months of the TeleCuore project, 494 alerts were received, with 119 (24%) judged not clinically relevant, while 375 (76%) required operator intervention. Of these, 99 were due to weight gain (26%), 40 to low blood pressure (11%), 42 to high blood pressure (11%), 33 to tachycardia episodes (9%), 30 to bradycardia (8%), 49 for technic issues with the weight scale (13%), 78 for EKG artifacts (21%), and 4 for previously unknown atrial fibrillation (1%). 25 patients (8%) were invited for ambulatory clinical evaluation, 28 (7%) were managed through teleconsultation, and the remaining majority (85%) was handled via telephone contact for therapy adjustments (60.5%). 39.4% underwent re–training on the correct device use in the first month. Conclusions The TeleCuore Project is a pilot cardiological telemedicine initiative. Initial data confirm the utility of this system in optimizing the follow–up of patients with CHF, allowing for instant therapeutic adjustments based on the patient’s clinical progress. Teamwork of different healthcare professionals have emerged as crucial for the proper management of alerts. Further data will be needed to assess whether TeleCuore also helps reduce hospitalizations related to CHF.

PERCUTANEOUS CLOSURE OF PATENT FORAMEN OVALE AFTER A FAILED DEVICE–CLOSURE ATTEMPT: A HIGH–VOLUME SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE

Abstract Introduction Persistence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been associated with cryptogenic stroke due to a paradoxical systemic embolism. In these cases, a percutaneous closure allows to decrease the risk of redo cerebral ischemic events. However, the presence of a complex anatomy might prevent a correct device–deployment with a high–risk o residual shunt and/or device embolization. We describe our experience about alternative technique after a failed device closure attempt. Methods We reviewed six cases wherein the device was not able to close effectively the PFO. In these cases, alternative techniques and skills were adopted to close the PFO. Results From 2021 to 2023, 194 PFO were closed in the congenital catheterization laboratory of Monaldi Hospital (Naples). In the most of cases (188/194 pts, 96.9%) an effective device closure was obtained. However, in 6 cases (3.1%) the device failed to have a PFO closure. In these 6 patients, the PFO anatomy was characterized by: a severe hypertrophy of the septum secundum (2 cases, 33%), an aneurysmatic interatrial septum (3 cases, 50%), a long stiff tunnel (6 cases, 100%). In three cases a deviceless suture–mediated system (NoblestichTM) was effective to achieve a complete PFO closure; whereas, in two cases a combined approach (suture–mediated system followed by a device deployment) allowed to achieve a complete PFO closure. In a patient with Ebstein anomaly and significant cyanosis due to right–to–left PFO shunt, a partial PFO closure (with mild residual right–to–left shunt) was obtained after NoblestichTM deployment. In this setting, the partial PFO closure was effective to achieve a significant improvement of the patient’s arterial saturation and the procedure stopped without to complete the PFO closure with a device. Conclusion Trans–catheter device closure is often effective to achieve a complete PFO closure. However, in some circumstances, the device was unable to have an appropriate PFO closure. A suture–mediated system or a combined approach (suture–mediated system with concomitant device deployment) are effective to achieve the PFO closure in these complex scenarios.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Customized Postural Correction Device for Motorcyclist

Background: The work-related motorcyclist is prone to driving-related issues due to the longer duration of riding positions and might not be aware of the improper posture they hold throughout the day and land up causing several problems There is a need for a posture corrector device which can help the motorcyclist maintain their proper posture and reduce pain. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the musculoskeletal pain in the motorcyclist, to assess the range of motion of the spinal and cervical joint and to evaluate the effectiveness of the customized backrest with post-assessment. Materials and Methods: An analytical study was done among motorcyclists working in Karad. Detailed assessment was taken with the VAS (visual analogue scale) and range of motion of the cervical and spine. Proper consent and ethical permission were taken, the prototype was given to the motorcyclist for use for 30 days and an assessment was done after the use of the backrest. Results: In our study, the participants experienced that the pain they had during riding and the musculoskeletal problems they had dure to improper posture while riding were reduced after the use of the customized device and was also supportive for the back and easy to use for daily need. Conclusion: We conclude that the effect of a backrest for the motorcyclist is a need of cause. The results observed after the use of the backrest were significant, the pain rating was reduced and the altered range of motion was also improved in post-assessment.

PASAT: pathfinder in solar adaptive telescope

In the forefront of quantitative solar physics research using large-aperture ground-based solar optical telescopes, high-contrast observation along with high-accuracy polarimetric measurement in the solar active region are required. In this paper, we propose a novel high-contrast imaging telescope construction with a 60 cm medium aperture, namely, the PAthfinder in Solar Adaptive Telescope (PASAT), in which a deformable secondary mirror is used as the adaptive optical correction device and a symmetrical optical path design is employed, leading to the least Muller matrix polarization instruments. The telescope can provide a high-resolution magnetic field with high accuracy for the solar active regions, as well as high-contrast images with a superior signal-to-noise ratio and photometric accuracy of the solar photosphere and chromosphere. These data will be directly used for a better understanding of the evolution and release of magnetic energy, which will help in improving space weather forecasting. Meanwhile, PASAT will accumulate the relevant techniques for constructing similar, larger solar telescopes in the future.

Automatic Power Factor Correction

With the mining industry moving from traditional manual methods to the advanced mechanised mining, the focus is also shifting to the energy efficiency of the equipment and system being employed. Most of the equipment used in mining like shovel, drill, elevator, continues miner, conveyor, pumps etc. runs on electricity. Electric energy being the only form of energy which can be easily converted to any other form plays a vital role for the growth of any industry. The Power Factor gives an idea about the efficiency of the system to do useful work out of the supplied electric power. A low value of power factor leads to increase is electric losses and also draws penalty by the utility. Significant savings in utility power costs can be realized by keeping up an average monthly power factor close to unity. To improve the power factor to desired level, reactive power compensators are used in the substations. The most common used device is capacitor bank which are switched on and off manually based on the requirement. If automatic switching can be employed for the correction devices, not only it will improve the response time but also removes any scope for error. The work carried out is concerned with developing power factor correction equipment based on embedded system which can automatically monitor the power factor in the mining electrical system and take care of the switching process to maintain a desired level of power factor which fulfils the standard norms. The Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC) device developed is based on embedded system having 89S52 microcontroller at its core. The voltage and current signal from the system is sampled and taken as input to measure the power factor and if it falls short of the specified value by utility, then the device automatically switch on the capacitor banks to compensate for the reactive power. Keywords:- Automatic, Power factor, Single phase, Domestic, TRIAC, Capacitor Bank etc.

Influence of Training With Corrective Feedback Devices on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Skills Acquisition and Retention: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Several studies related to the use of corrective feedback devices in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, with different populations, training methodologies, and equipment, present distinct results regarding the influence of this technology. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the impact of corrective feedback devices in cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills acquisition and retention for laypeople and health care professionals. Training duration was also studied. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 2015 to December 2023. Eligible randomized controlled trials compared technology-based training incorporating corrective feedback with standard training. Outcomes of interest were the quality of chest compression-related components. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. A meta-analysis was used to explore the heterogeneity of the selected studies. In total, 20 studies were included. Overall, it was reported that corrective feedback devices used during training had a positive impact on both skills acquisition and retention. Medium to high heterogeneity was observed. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that corrective feedback devices enhance skills acquisition and retention over time. Considering the medium to high heterogeneity observed, these findings should be interpreted with caution. More standardized, high-quality studies are needed. PROSPERO CRD42021240953; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=240953.

Power Signal Analysis for Early Fault Detection in Brushless DC Motor Drivers Based on the Hilbert–Huang Transform

Brushless DC machines have demonstrated significant advantages in electrical engineering by eliminating commutators and brushes. Every year, these machines increase their presence in transportation applications. In this sense, early fault identification in these systems, specifically in the electronic speed controllers, is relevant for correct device operation. In this context, the techniques reported in the literature for fault identification based on the Hilbert–Huang transform have shown efficiency in electrical systems. This manuscript proposes a novel technique for early fault identification in electronic speed controllers based on the Hilbert–Huang transform algorithm. Initially, currents from the device are captured with non-invasive sensors in a time window during motor operation. Subsequently, the signals are processed to obtain pertinent information about amplitudes and frequencies using the Hilbert–Huang transform, focusing on fundamental components. Then, estimated parameters are evaluated by computing the error between signals. The existing electrical norms of a balanced system are used to identify a healthy or damaged driver. Through amplitude and frequency error analysis between three-phase signals, early faults caused by system imbalances such as current increasing, torque reduction, and speed reduction are detected. The proposed technique is implemented through data acquisition devices at different voltage conditions and then physical signals are evaluated offline through several simulations in the Matlab environment. The method’s robustness against signal variations is highlighted, as each intrinsic mode function serves as a component representation of the signal and instantaneous frequency computation provides resilience against these variations. Two study cases are conducted in different conditions to validate this technique. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying early faults in brushless DC motor drivers. This study provides data from each power line within the electronic speed controller to detect early faults and extend different approaches, contributing to addressing early failures in speed controllers while expanding beyond the conventional focus on motor failure analysis.

Improving Fish Quality and Yield: An Automated Monitoring System for Intensive Aquaculture

The growing interest in the fish farming industry is driven by the depletion of natural fish stocks in the market. However, intensive aquaculture systems, which involve raising fish in artificial tanks and cages, can lead to challenges such as low-quality fish and increased mortality rates, depending on the species being cultivated. To address these issues and maximize yield, this paper proposes a fish quality monitoring system with automatic correction. The system focuses on monitoring and maintaining critical water quality parameters essential for fish growth, including temperature, water level, and pH level. The system comprises an Arduino connected to sensors and a web-based application for data collection and monitoring. Correction devices such as an aquarium heater, a valve, and a water pump are integrated into the system to maintain these parameters at optimal levels for fish development. To assess the system's efficiency and reliability, two fish monitoring setups were compared: one using the proposed controlled system and the other using a traditional setup. Results indicate that the controlled system increased efficiency, reduced stress on fish farmers, decreased fish mortality rates, and improved product quality compared to the traditional setup.